| 171. |
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| 172. |
- Karyotaki, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression : A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 78:4, s. 361-371
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Personalized treatment choices would increase the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression to the extent that patients differ in interventions that better suit them.OBJECTIVE: To provide personalized estimates of short-term and long-term relative efficacy of guided and unguided iCBT for depression using patient-level information.DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to January 1, 2019.STUDY SELECTION: Eligible RCTs were those comparing guided or unguided iCBT against each other or against any control intervention in individuals with depression. Available individual patient data (IPD) was collected from all eligible studies. Depression symptom severity was assessed after treatment, 6 months, and 12 months after randomization.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We conducted a systematic review and IPD network meta-analysis and estimated relative treatment effect sizes across different patient characteristics through IPD network meta-regression.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores.RESULTS: Of 42 eligible RCTs, 39 studies comprising 9751 participants with depression contributed IPD to the IPD network meta-analysis, of which 8107 IPD were synthesized. Overall, both guided and unguided iCBT were associated with more effectiveness as measured by PHQ-9 scores than control treatments over the short term and the long term. Guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT (mean difference [MD] in posttreatment PHQ-9 scores, -0.8; 95% CI, -1.4 to -0.2), but we found no evidence of a difference at 6 or 12 months following randomization. Baseline depression was found to be the most important modifier of the relative association for efficacy of guided vs unguided iCBT. Differences between unguided and guided iCBT in people with baseline symptoms of subthreshold depression (PHQ-9 scores 5-9) were small, while guided iCBT was associated with overall better outcomes in patients with baseline PHQ-9 greater than 9.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this network meta-analysis with IPD, guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT for individuals with depression, benefits were more substantial in individuals with moderate to severe depression. Unguided iCBT was associated with similar effectiveness among individuals with symptoms of mild/subthreshold depression. Personalized treatment selection is entirely possible and necessary to ensure the best allocation of treatment resources for depression.
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| 173. |
- Kasperzyk, Julie L., et al.
(författare)
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One-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and prostate cancer survival
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 90:3, s. 561-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Folate and other one-carbon metabolism nutrients may influence prostate cancer pathogenesis. Prior studies of these nutrients in relation to prostate cancer incidence have been inconclusive, and none have explored prostate cancer survival. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess whether dietary intakes of folate, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and methionine measured around the time of prostate cancer diagnosis are associated with prostate cancer survival. DESIGN: This population-based prospective study comprised 525 men from Orebro, Sweden, who received a diagnosis of incident prostate cancer between 1989 and 1994 and completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Record linkages to the Swedish Death Registry enabled all cases to be followed for up to 20 y after diagnosis, and the cause of death was assigned via medical record review. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. During a median of 6.4 y of follow-up, 218 men (42%) died of prostate cancer and 257 (49%) of other causes. RESULTS: A comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile showed that vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with prostate cancer-specific death (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.46, 1.10; P for trend = 0.08), especially in men with a diagnosis of localized-stage disease (HR; 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.26; P for trend = 0.0003). However, vitamin B-6 intake was not associated with improved prostate cancer survival among advanced-stage cases (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.72; P for trend = 0.87). Folate, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, and methionine intakes were not associated with prostate cancer survival. CONCLUSION: A high vitamin B-6 intake may improve prostate cancer survival among men with a diagnosis of localized-stage disease.
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| 174. |
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| 175. |
- Klein, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Dual-trap technique for reduction of low-frequency noise in force measuring optical tweezers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 46:3, s. 405-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-resolution long-time force measurements by optical tweezers are often limited by low- frequency (1/f) noise. A dual-trap technique is presented that can reduce such noise in the force signal. It incorporates a second trap (a reference trap) that probes the noise in the system and it is based upon the assumption that the low-frequency parts of the noise from the two traps are correlated. A subtraction of the low-frequency signal from the reference trap from the signal from the force measuring trap will therefore yield a net signal that is significantly less influenced by noise. It is shown that this dual-trap technique can reduce the noise in the force signal up to 60% depending on detection bandwidth.
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| 176. |
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| 177. |
- Krivchikov, Alexander I., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal Conductivity of Triphenyl Phosphite's Liquid, Glassy, and Glacial States
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 120:10, s. 2845-2853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal conductivity kappa and heat capacity per unit volume rho C-p of triphenyl phosphite (TPP) were measured under different pressure and temperature conditions, and with time during the sluggish liquid to glacial state transformation at temperatures about 15 K above the glass transition temperature. As the transformation slowly proceeds during several hours, rho C-p decreases monotonically from that of the liquid state to a value close to that of the vitrified state. Concurrently, kappa increases nonmonotonically with an intermediate local maximum followed by a minimum, before the final rise to a higher kappa. The properties of the ultimately formed glacial state depend on the thermal history, which implies that the state formed under these conditions is a heterogeneous mixture of nanocrystals and mainly amorphous-like solid, and that the relative amount and microstructure depend on the conditions of the transformation. The nonmonotonic changes in phonon propagation during the liquid to glacial transformation suggest microstructural changes which are consistent with a liquid-liquid transformation and sluggish growth of nanocrystals within amorphous-like solid domains. The isobaric thermal conductivity of the as-formed glacial state shows a reversible step increase, just prior to crystallization on heating, which deviates from the typical behavior of glasses, liquids, and crystals. An increase in pressure shifts the step to higher temperatures and suppresses crystallization, which reveals another reversible rise in kappa and C-p. These results show that increased molecular mobility in the glacial state increases and suggest reduced thermal resistance at boundaries or that the motions carry heat.
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| 178. |
- Krivchikov, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal conductivity of solid triphenyl phosphite
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 27:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal conductivity, κ, of solid triphenyl phosphite was measured by using the transient hot-wire method, and its temperature and pressure dependencies were analyzed to understand heat transfer processes in the solid polymorphic phases, as well as in the glass and the exotic glacial state. Phase transformations and the structural order of the phases are discussed, and a transitional pressure–temperature diagram of triphenyl phosphite is presented. The thermal conductivity of both the crystalline and disordered states is described within the theory of two-channel heat transfer by phonons and diffusons in dielectric solids. In the glass and glacial states, the weakly temperature-dependent (glass-like) κ is described well by the term associated with heat conduction of diffusons only, and it can be represented by an Arrhenius-type function. In the crystal phases, the strongly temperature-dependent (crystal-like) κ associated with heat transfer by phonons is weakened by significant heat transfer by diffusons, and the extent of the two contributions is reflected in the temperature dependence of κ. We find that the contribution of diffusons in the crystal phases depends on pressure in the same way as that in amorphous states, thus indicating that the same mechanism is responsible for this channel of heat transfer in crystals and amorphous states.
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| 179. |
- Kvarven, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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The intuitive cooperation hypothesis revisited : a meta-analytic examination of effect size and between-study heterogeneity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association (JESA). - : Springer. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784. ; 6:1, s. 26-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis that intuition promotes cooperation has attracted considerable attention. Although key results in this literature have failed to replicate in pre-registered studies, recent meta-analyses report an overall effect of intuition on cooperation. We address the question with a meta-analysis of 82 cooperation experiments, spanning four different types of intuition manipulations-time pressure, cognitive load, depletion, and induction-including 29,315 participants in total. We obtain a positive overall effect of intuition on cooperation, though substantially weaker than that reported in prior meta-analyses, and between studies the effect exhibits a high degree of systematic variation. We find that this overall effect depends exclusively on the inclusion of six experiments featuring emotion-induction manipulations, which prompt participants to rely on emotion over reason when making allocation decisions. Upon excluding from the total data set experiments featuring this class of manipulations, between-study variation in the meta-analysis is reduced substantially-and we observed no statistically discernable effect of intuition on cooperation. Overall, we fail to obtain compelling evidence for the intuitive cooperation hypothesis.
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| 180. |
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