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Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > (2010-2011) > Tidskriftsartikel > Linköpings universitet > (2011)

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1.
  • Aronsson, Håkan, 1961-, et al. (författare)
  • Managing health care decisions and improvement through simulation modeling
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 20:1, s. 15-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simulation modeling is a way to test changes in a computerized environment to give ideas for improvements before implementation. This article reviews research literature on simulation modeling as support for health care decision making. The aim is to investigate the experience and potential value of such decision support and quality of articles retrieved. A literature search was conducted, and the selection criteria yielded 59 articles derived from diverse applications and methods. Most met the stated research-quality criteria. This review identified how simulation can facilitate decision making and that it may induce learning. Furthermore, simulation offers immediate feedback about proposed changes, allows analysis of scenarios, and promotes communication on building a shared system view and understanding of how a complex system works. However, only 14 of the 59 articles reported on implementation experiences, including how decision making was supported. On the basis of these articles, we proposed steps essential for the success of simulation projects, not just in the computer, but also in clinical reality. We also presented a novel concept combining simulation modeling with the established plan-do-study-act cycle for improvement. Future scientific inquiries concerning implementation, impact, and the value for health care management are needed to realize the full potential of simulation modeling.
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2.
  • Sundin, Elisabeth, 1946- (författare)
  • Entrepreneurship and social and community care
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Enterprising Communities. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1750-6204 .- 1750-6212. ; 5:3, s. 212-222
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that not only (obviously) social enterprises but also conventional ones are based on social intentions and that these social intentions often have community dimensions. The conclusion of these findings is that conventional research, and consequently, also the public debate on entrepreneurship as well as on social and community entrepreneurship, is guided by false notions rather than on empirical facts.Design/methodology/approach – The paper starts by presenting the dominating references on entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and community entrepreneurship and then goes on to compare them. The existence of social motives among conventional enterprises is brought to the fore, first through a presentation of the official statistics of the motives for all new starters in Sweden and then with a presentation of cases from different sectors. The cases selected to represent the starters have all expressed social motives for going into business. “Care” was the word used by the individuals themselves and therefore the care concept is introduced.Findings – Social intentions can be found in conventional market enterprises. The intentions of the entrepreneurs' are often expressed in terms of “care”. Care for the community is often an important part of other care dimensions.Research limitations/implications – The empirical findings of care in conventional market enterprises and care for the community as an important care dimension in the cases presented have implications not only for theories on conventional, social and community entrepreneurship but also for theory building in social sciences in general. The dominance of English-speaking researchers can be a problem from this perspective.Practical implications – Both the descriptions and the analysis have practical implications for everyone interested in entrepreneurship and the circumstances for enterprises of all kinds as well as for local and regional development.Originality/value – The paper questions what is taken-for-granted, with the help of empirical examples and not just with statements.
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3.
  • Mandere, Nicodemus, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing the contribution of alternative agriculture to poverty reduction and employment creation: A case study of sugar beet cultivation in Kenya
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: African Journal of Agricultural Research. - 1991-637X. ; 6:2, s. 440-450
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In Kenya, the government is promoting high-value and drought resistant crop varieties in an effort to reduce poverty in rural areas. Sugar beet is one such crop. This study was conducted with two objectives: 1) to assess the opportunities and challenges for sugar beet cultivation and adoption in the Nyandarua district of Kenya and 2) to assess whether sugar beet adoption can offer an opportunity for escaping poverty for smallholder farmers in the district. The factors favoring sugar beet cultivation and adoption in the district include: adequate land area suitable for sugar beet cultivation and the high sugar beet yield that can be attained per unit suitable land area, farmers' awareness of the positive aspects of sugar beet cultivation, and the willingness of many farmers to grow the sugar beet crop. Notwithstanding these favorable conditions, some socio-economic factors-mainly the affordability of sugar beet production and possible lack of appropriate farming technologies, will present challenges to widespread sugar beet adoption, particularly to those farmers in the low-and medium-income categories. The sugar beet profit analysis showed that depending on the market price, sugar beet can potentially increase household net income. However, since the majority of households are in the low-and medium-income categories, for sugar beet to pull the smallholder farmers out of poverty, interventions from government and other stakeholders is of vital necessity. The impact of sugar beet adoption and cultivation will vary from household to household. Those households within the high-income category who can raise the required start up capital are likely to benefit, while the low-and medium-income households may not, which is true for any new crop with high start up costs. Alternative agriculture alone is therefore not a sufficient strategy to address the problems of poverty and unemployment. Any successful strategy to address these issues must be broad-based, and include alternative agriculture and other growth and development strategies. Provision for the entire necessary infrastructure should precede or accompany all of these strategies in order to optimize implementation benefits.
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4.
  • Hansson, Lisa, et al. (författare)
  • Bypassing public procurement regulation : a study of rationality in local decision making
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Regulation and Governance. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1748-5983 .- 1748-5991. ; 5:3, s. 368-385
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using private contractors through procurement is common in most public sector areas. Despite the benefits of procurement, officials are sometimes tempted to circumvent procurement regulations. The aim of this article is to examine the strategies used by local governmental decisionmakers to bypass procurement regulations and to analyze the rationality underlying these officials' actions. Interviews, court documents, municipal documents, and newspaper articles describing the actions of Swedish municipal officials concerning special transport service (STS) procurements were collected and analyzed. In a case in which rural municipalities lost regular taxi services after STS procurement, we demonstrate how decisions were driven by pressure from the public and local interest groups, making municipal officials deviate from procurement regulations in striving to secure the existence of regular taxi services. One outcome was that local businesses were given preferential treatment, violating regulations and reducing economic efficiency.
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5.
  • Sandberg, Erik, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Characteristics of a Logistics-Based Business Model
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Marketing Channels. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1046-669X .- 1540-7039. ; 18, s. 1-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In companies where excellence in logistics is decisive for the outperformance of competitors and logistics has an outspoken role for the strategy of the firm, there is present what we refer to here as a “logistics-based business model.” Based on a multiple case study of three Nordic retail companies, the purpose of this article is to explore the characteristics of such a logistics-based business model. As such, this research helps to provide structure to logistics-based business models and identifies a way forward for companies for whom logistics and distribution are a major concern for the overall strategy of the firm.
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6.
  • Eliasson, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • The unexpected “yes!” : Explanatory factors behind the positive attitudes to congestion charges in Stockholm
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 18:4, s. 636-647
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several authors have argued that acceptability for road pricing is likely to increase with familiarity. The experiences in Stockholm, where a trial period with congestion charges changed the public opinion from negative to positive, support this hypothesis. Analysing acceptability and attitudes in Stockholm allows us to study a situation where the population is in fact familiar with congestion charges, and explore what the decisive factors for acceptability are in such a situation. By analysing a survey collected after the referendum and the subsequent reintroduction of the charges, we analyse the prerequisites to achieve acceptability given that the public is familiar with congestion charges.As expected, low car dependence and good transit supply are associated with high acceptability. But the two most important factors turn out to be beliefs about the charges' effectiveness, and general environmental attitudes. The importance of beliefs and perceptions of the effects of the charges underscores the importance of both careful system design and careful evaluation and results communication. The strong connection between environmental concerns and positive attitudes to congestion charges underscores the importance of considering and "marketing" the charges' environmental effects. In Stockholm, the politicians' decision to "re-label" the congestion charges to "environmental charges" and emphasising their positive effects on air quality may very well have had a positive impact on acceptability.
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7.
  • Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Sexual orientation and occupational rank
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Economics Bulletin. - 1545-2921. ; 31:3, s. 2422-2433
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a study of differences in occupational rank between gay and heterosexual males as well as between lesbian and heterosexual females. We estimate different specifications of an ordered probit model on register data from Sweden. Our data consist of married heterosexual men and women and homosexual men and women living in civil unions. We find that homosexual men have a lower probability of working in a profession demanding a longer university education or a management profession than heterosexual men. In contrast, we find that homosexual women are more likely than heterosexual women to work in such professions.
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8.
  • Broberg, Pernilla, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Why reduce profit? : accounting choice of impairments in Swedish listed corporations
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Accounting and Finance. - 1752-8224. ; 3:1, s. 49-71
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Positive accounting theory and institutional theory are used in conjunction in order to explain accounting choice. The theory is applied on IAS 36 (impairment of assets), and tested on a sample of listed Swedish corporations. We find that the choice is mainly induced by agency and general business factors and to a slighter degree by institutional factors. Especially, we find that institutional influence will be stronger when it is in the interest of important stakeholders; that impairments can be used as a mean of signalling trust to absent owners and that the institutional element of tradition cannot be tested separately from the agency element of opportunism.
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9.
  • Dadfar, Hossein, et al. (författare)
  • Board Effectiveness in Pharmaceutical Industry : The Case of TAPIC Pharmaceutical Group
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing. - : David Publication. - 1548-6583. ; 7:5, s. 463-473
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study suggests an emperically tested modelto fit the pharmaceutical industry and the context of LDCs, especially Iran. The paper stands upon a rich database consisting of Tamin Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Investment Company (TAPIC) and its 11 subsidiary companies which are treated as 11 mini-cases. Data were collected by document analysis, questionnaire and interviews. The results suggest some improvements to the earlier models and show that the pattern of board effectiveness in Iranian pharmaceutical industry can be influenced by: (1) Internal factors including: (a) board members, the personality and background, (b) board composition, which is influenced by selection criteria, Tribalism, interpersonal relationship and belonging to the same ideological group, (c) board interactions, and (d) power distribution in the board, which is influenced by parenting power in holding companies. All internal factors are directly or indirectly affected by political issues as well as socio-cultural forces. (2) External factors including: (a) industrial complexity and the nature of industry, (b) industrial ethos, (c) legislation, and political forces, (d) economy, which the last two factors are influenced by international environment as well.
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10.
  • Ahmed, Ali (författare)
  • Conditional reciprocity in the investment game
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: The Social Science Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0362-3319 .- 1873-5355. ; 48:2, s. 404-408
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper investigates whether people are conditional reciprocators in an investment game experiment, in the sense that the more they are trusted, the more they reciprocate. The results show that the majority of participants are conditional reciprocators but that they can be classified into three types: (1) exploitative reciprocators who do not reciprocate and exploit trust; (2) egoistic reciprocators who neither exploit nor reward trust; and (3) generous reciprocators who reward trusting behavior.
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