| 661. |
- Spratley, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Myringotomy delays the tympanic membrane recovery in acute otitis media : a study in the rat model
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : Wiley. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 112:8 Pt 1, s. 1474-1481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/HYPOTHESIS: Acute otitis media is a major cause of visits to pediatric health care providers. Myringotomy in uncomplicated acute otitis media is debatable today. The study addressed this problem through the otomicroscopic and histopathological observations of the events occurring in the tympanic membrane during the first week after myringotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized study in an experimental animal model. METHODS: Under anesthesia, the left middle ear of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats was inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. Forty-eight hours later, at day 0, four animals were immediately killed and the remaining animals were randomly assigned into a myringotomy group (n = 16, myringotomy on the left ear) and a non-myringotomy group (n = 16, otomicroscopy without myringotomy). Otomicroscopy and killings were performed in series of four animals from each group at days 1, 2, 4, and 7 after myringotomy. Tympanic membranes were collected after fixation and processed for light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: All inoculated ears showed a manifest acute otitis media at day 0. An intense infiltration by inflammatory cells and edema distorted severely the tympanic membrane structure. These findings decreased the following days. However, inflammation as evaluated by the thickness and the cytoarchitecture of the tympanic membrane layers, recovered significantly faster in the membranes in the non-myringotomy group. At day 7, all tympanic membranes in the myringotomy group were closed by a hypertrophic keratinizing epithelium and a remodeling connective tissue layer, whereas the animals in the non-myringotomy group had a residual edema in the lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS: The present infectious model induced an intense inflammatory reaction within the entire structure of the tympanic membrane. Myringotomy provoked a delayed recovery from the inflammatory process within the tympanic membrane. Therefore, if applicable to human conditions, the use of myringotomy in the management of acute otitis media should be restricted to selected cases of acute otitis media.
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| 662. |
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| 663. |
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| 664. |
- Stenfors, Nikolai, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of ozone on bronchial mucosal inflammation in asthmatic and healthy subjects
- 2002
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 96:5, s. 352-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological studies suggestthat asthmatics are more affected by ozone than healthy people. This study tested three hypotheses (1) that short-term exposure to ozone induces inflammatory cell increases and up-regulation of vascular adhesion molecules in airway lavages and bronchial tissue 6 h after ozone exposure in healthy subjects; (2) these responses are exaggerated in subjects with mild allergic asthma; (3) ozone exacerbates pre-existent allergic airways inflammation. We exposed 15 mild asthmatic and 15 healthy subjects to 0.2 ppm of ozone or filtered air for 2 h on two separate occasions. Airway lavages and bronchial biopsies were obtained 6 h post-challenge. We found that ozone induced similar increases in bronchial wash neutrophils in both groups, although the neutrophil increase in the asthmatic group was on top of an elevated baseline. In healthy subjects, ozone exposure increased the expression of the vascular endothelial adhesion molecules P-selectin and ICAM- 1, as well as increasing tissue neutrophil and mast cell numbers. The asthmatics showed allergic airways inflammation at baseline but ozone did not aggravate this at the investigated time point. At 6 h post-ozone-exposure, we found no evidence that mild asthmatics were more responsive than healthy to ozone in terms of exaggerated neutrophil recruitment or exacerbation of pre-existing allergic inflammation. Further work is needed to assess the possibility of a difference in time kinetics between healthy and asthmatic subjects in their response to ozone.
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| 665. |
- Stitt, M, et al.
(författare)
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A plant for all seasons : alterations in photosynthetic carbon metabolism during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Current opinion in plant biology. - 1369-5266 .- 1879-0356. ; 5:3, s. 199-206
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperatures lead to the inhibition of sucrose synthesis and photosynthesis. The biochemical and physiological adaptations of plants to low temperatures include the post-translational activation and increased expression of enzymes of the sucrose synthesis pathway, the changed expression of Calvin cycle enzymes, and changes in the leaf protein content. Recent progress has been made in understanding both the signals that trigger these processes and how the regulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism interacts with other processes during cold acclimation.
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| 666. |
- Strandberg, Gunilla, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Struggling to be/show oneself valuable and worthy to get care : One aspect of the meaning of being dependent on care--a study of one patient, his wife and two of his professional nurses
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 16:1, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dependency on care has commonly been described negatively and as a problem that needs to be addressed. From a larger data material, interviews with an old, hospitalized man with a chronic disease, his wife and two of his professional nurses was selected to study. The aim was to illuminate the meaning of being dependent on care, when it appears "negative". A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the material. The interpretation shows that dependency on care is reluctantly shown although it is expected to be expressed and/or respected as it is shown. This makes dependency on care camouflaged and the space to be dependent is limited. The meaning of being dependent on care is understood as a two-dimensional struggle for existence. One dimension of the struggle is about to be/show oneself worthy to get care, as dependency on care holds a fear to be abandoned. The other dimension of the struggle is about to be/show oneself valuable as a human being, as identity is built upon being able to manage oneself and be strong. The interpretation if reflected on can open up possibilities to improve the quality of life for patients who are dependent on care.
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| 667. |
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| 668. |
- Strigård, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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[Laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Five-year experience at Huddinge University Hospital].
- 2002
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 99:35, s. 3396-3399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By education of one to two surgeons at the time we limit the learning curve and reduce the complications. 250 patients have been operated for both benign and malignant colorectal diseases. The operation time is still longer than with the open technique. Conversion rate is 18 per cent, no mortality and few serious complications are seen. The blood loss is in mean 150 ml. With shorter time at the operation theatre through optimal education of the hole operation team, the costs for laparoscopic colorectal surgery will diminish. In the future with better laparoscopic technique, we believe there will be increased numbers of total colectomies and operations in the small pelvic.
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| 669. |
- Ström, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning and expression analysis of the murine homolg of the Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) gene
- 2002
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Ingår i: Gene. - : Elsevier. ; 285:1-2, s. 91-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the protein ataxin-7, a protein of unknown function. In order to analyze the expression pattern of wild type ataxin-7 in detail, the murine SCA7 gene homolog was cloned and the expression pattern in mice analyzed. The SCA7 mouse and human gene exhibit a high degree of identity at both DNA (88.2%) and protein (88.7%) level. The CAG repeat region, known to be polymorphic in man, is conserved in mouse but contained only five repeats in all mouse strains analyzed. The arrestin homology domain and the nuclear localization signal found in human ataxin-7 is also conserved in the murine homolog. Expression of ataxin-7 was detected during mouse embryonic development and in all adult mouse tissues examined by northern and western blots. In brain, immunohistological staining revealed an ataxin-7 expression pattern similar to that in human, with ataxin-7 expression in cerebellum, several brainstem nuclei, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Our data show high conservation of ataxin-7 both structurally and at the level of expression, suggesting a conserved role for the protein in mice and humans.
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| 670. |
- Sullivan, Kirk P. H., et al.
(författare)
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Self-assessment in autonomous computer-aided L2 writing
- 2002
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Ingår i: ELT Journal. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0951-0893 .- 1477-4526. ; 56:3, s. 258-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the results of a study carried out in Sweden to investigate the promotion of self‐assessment and reflection in the adult second language (L2) classroom. A method is proposed in which the computer is used first to record a writing session, and later to replay the entire text production in retrospective peer sessions. The method provides the students with an opportunity to look into their own composing processes both linguistically and holistically, as they view and discuss the reasons behind the different actions during the writing process. Results show that after using the method, all writers experienced useful, although different, insights into their own writing behaviours. Furthermore, this method is not restricted to an L2 environment, but is likely to be effective in other learning situations where reflection is useful for the acquisition process.
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