| 1. |
- Wedel, Johan, 1962
(författare)
-
Sorcery and Violence in Eastern Nicaragua
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 35th Caribbean Studies Association Conference, May 24-28, St. Peters, Barbados.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Can community-based tourism contribute to development and poverty alleviation? Lessons from Nicaragua. In Current Issues in Tourism, vol 14 (8): 725-749
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Current Issues in Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1368-3500 .- 1747-7603. ; 14:8, s. 725-749
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the development of community-based tourism (CBT) governments, development agencies and NGOs have placed considerable emphasis on this development model. However, CBT has been strongly criticized with respect to low economic impact in terms of jobs and income, the result of small-scale interventions, its low life expectancy after external funding ends, the monopolisation of benefits by local elites, or the lack of business skills to make it operational. This article explores the viability of the CBT model to support socio-economic development and poverty alleviation via a Nicaraguan case study. The characteristics and effects of different modes of organising community tourism were examined, based on an impact assessment and lifecycle analysis of the CBT Nicaraguan Network. The results showed how traditional top-down CBT, created and fully funded by external organisations, reflected the general criticisms of the approach, while bottom-up CBT, borne as a result of a local initiative, demonstrated longer life expectancy, faster growth, and more positive impacts on the local economy. The findings suggest a shift is required in the attention of donors and policy-makers towards redistribution policies that strengthen the skills, resources, and conditions of micro, community-based and family entrepreneurship, together with a stronger orientation towards the domestic markets.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Bucardo, Filemon, et al.
(författare)
-
Susceptibility of Children to Sapovirus Infections, Nicaragua, 2005–2006
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - Atlanta, GA, USA : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services * Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 18:11, s. 1875-1878
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the genetic diversity of sapovirus (SaV) in children in Nicaragua and investigate the role of host genetic factors and susceptibility to SaV infections. Our results indicate that neither ABO blood group, Lewis phenotype, nor secretor status affects susceptibility to SaV infection in Nicaragua.
|
|
| 5. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Global narratives of sustainable waste governance in Managua, Nicaragua
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Globalization and Development: Rethinking Interventions and Governance.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste is one of the glocal meta-problems and as such an issue for both global and local governance. While waste is a global fluid, with the risks and profitability associated to its movement, it is also an extremely localized phenomenon (Honor Fagan, 2003). The notion of waste is a construct. Its meaning varies between places and societies at different times (MacKillop, 2009); as does the way societies engage with their waste and deal with it. In the last decades waste governance has being constructed as a sustainability problem for both the global North and the global South. A significant number of international multi-lateral organisations are concerned with the issue of sustainable waste governance, bringing global ideas from the North to the South. Most international and national development aid organisations (e.g. UNEP, UN-Habitat, UE …) carry out development projects, programs and experiences of transference of knowledge and best practices regarding a sustainable waste governance. These discourses of what sustainable waste governance is generated by global organisations shape the local practices for the organizing of waste. The definition, problematisation, policies, plans, technologies and management models used for the governing of waste locally is affected considerably by the discourses within and amongst these global organisations, as are the practices of sustainability they propose and promote. However, the global discourse of a sustainable waste management is neither unique nor uniform. The multiplicity of global actors hence leads to a multiplicity of narratives and discourses on sustainable waste governance. In this paper we aim at exploring some of the many global narratives of waste governance in order to unfold how these views pervade local waste governance and policies. In order to do that the paper focus on the case study of Managua, in Nicaragua, and the six development projects funded by different international aid development organisations (Spanish and Italian Aid Agencies, UN-Habitat, US-AID, European Union URBAL, PNUD) related to the city waste governance. Our data consist of policy documents from these organisations supported by personal interviews with key actors related to these projects and non-participant observations over a multitude of meetings and events. After presenting the different global narratives of waste governance in the findings section, we discuss in the conclusions how predominant global waste narratives have stabilized in the discourse of an urban sustainable development in Managua. We end the paper by contextualizing the conclusions with the concepts, assumptions and practices that give shape to the policies and practices connected to ‘sustainable development’
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Translating development aid into city management: the barrio Acahualinca integrated development programme in Managua, Nicaragua
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Public Administration and Development. - : Wiley. - 1099-162X .- 0271-2075. ; 33:2, s. 101-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article seeks to understand how development aid is translated into city management practice in the global South and the implications of this for the power dynamics between municipal governments and international aid agencies. The study examines La Chureca, the rubbish dump and slum of Managua, Nicaragua, and its regeneration programme, the Barrio Acahualinca Integrated Development Programme. In the article, we explore the formulation and initial implementation of the Programme in terms of the construction of an action net in which, by a chain of translations, the Programme was transformed from an aid programme managed by international aid organisations into the management practice of the city of Managua. Despite the silent infiltration of important issues brought to the municipal political agenda by the development aid programme, small acts of defiance and resistance were also enacted by local actors who twisted the Programme to fit local needs.
|
|
| 8. |
- Zapata, Patrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
When visions for better urban futures development are turned into practice. The case of the Acahualinca Development Programme in Managua, Nicaragua
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 14th N-AERUS Conference 2013, Enschede, The Netherlands September 12-14 URBAN FUTURES. Multiple visions, paths and constructions?.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ‘knowing-doing’ gaps between policy goals and their outcome when implemented is of increasing concern both in practice and in research. This paper explores how the visions of a sustainable development and the corresponding planning are translated into practice; what aspects of visions and plans are translated, what is lost in and what is added in the translation. The paper is based on the case-study of La Chureca, the rubbish dump and slum of Managua, Nicaragua, and its regeneration program that ran from 2009 to 2013 and included the construction of a new landfill, a recycling station where part of the waste-pickers now are formally employed, and new housing for the informal settlement’s residents. The analysis is based on interviews, observations, workshop participations and document analysis; gathered from 2009 until 2012. It combines action net theory with the sociology of translation as theoretical framework. Despite the initial compliance to the program (funded and initially led by international aid organizations), local actors enacted a myriad of small acts of defiance and resistance that, without abruptly contesting the project, shaped it to better fit local needs; a) first by municipal politicians and officers, and b) later by beneficiaries that felt that they were not fairly benefited by the program (women, eldery). We conclude that the implementation of visions cannot be seen as scripted translations of plans into reality, but as uncontrollable and uncertain processes in which myriads of translations twist policies and plans from below. The question is therefore not whether plans work (or succeed) but how they work.
|
|
| 9. |
- Zapata, Patrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Urban policy mobilities and local translations of compliance and contestation within development-aid regeneration programs. The case of the Acahualinca Integrated Development Programme in Managua, Nicaragua.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Paper presented at the International RC21 Conference 2013 Session: Making up cities: urban policy mobilities, assemblages and urban politics in a global age. 29-31 August 2013..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study is based on the case of La Chureca, the rubbish dump and slum of Managua, Nicaragua, and its regeneration programme, the Barrio Acahualinca Integrated Development Programme, funded by a development aid agency and implemented by the Managua municipality. The programme includes since 2009 until 2013, the construction of new housing for the slum dwellers, the construction of a new sanitary landfill and a recycling station where most of the waste pickers will work formally employed by the municipality. In previous papers we have examined the formulation and implementation of the Programme in terms of the construction of an action net in which, by a chain of translations, the programme was transformed from an aid programme managed by international aid organisations into the urban policies carried out by the City of Managua. Despite the initial compliance with the programme; little by little, local actors (mostly community leaders, residents, trade unions and waste collectors) enacted a myriad of small acts of defiance and resistance, changes and transformations (translations) of the programme implementation. In the paper we unfold how waste collectors trade union, slum community leaders, community grass-root associations and local residents under the pressure of securing both jobs and houses (either in symbiosis with local mass media, by using physical force, political negotiations, circumvention) attempted to twist the programme to fit local needs of those groups that felt that were not fairly benefit by the Program, such as older workers, women or non-residents in La Chureca. The paper finally discusses its theoretical contribution to the notion of urban policy mobilities from the city management literature.
|
|
| 10. |
- Zapata, Patrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Organising La Chureca. A journey through Hell, Earth and Heaven - Global and Local actors in city-sustainability
- 2010
-
Ingår i: EGOS 2010.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- La Chureca is the city garbage dump of Managua, Nicaragua. For decades, the dump has been mismanaged, or rather un-managed, and La Chureca has become a breeding ground for social and environmental problems for its inhabitants and for the metropolitan area of Managua. Since 2008, global and local actors have placed great efforts to change La Chureca into a sustainable, well-managed, sanitary municipal landfill as well as a functioning neighbourhood. This paper is about how global and local actors deal with issues of sustainability (or its absence and its disorganising) in the organising of the city through the case of La Chureca and its regeneration project.
|
|
