| 71. |
- Hedman, Lina, 1981-
(författare)
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Residential Mobility and Neighbourhood Effects: A Holistic Approach
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The number of studies estimating neighbourhood effects has increased rapidly during the last two decades. Although results from these studies vary, a majority find at least small effects. But to what extent can we trust these estimates? Neighbourhood effect studies face many serious methodological challenges, of which some are related to the fact that people move. The mobility of individuals may cause neighbourhoods to change over time, result in exposure times that are too short and seriously bias estimates. These methodological problems have not been given enough attention in the neighbourhood effect literature: no study controls for them all, and implications of mobility are rarely included in theoretical discussions of neighbourhood effects.In a comprehensive summary and five different papers, I argue that the two scholarly fields of residential mobility and neighbourhood effect studies are intrinsically connected and that any arbitrary separation between the two is both conceptually problematic and risks leading to erroneous conclusions. Studies of neighbourhood effects must address the problems caused by mobility, before it can be convincingly argued that results actually show neighbourhood effects. To do this, longitudinal data are necessary. Furthermore, the connection between the two fields may also have implications for studies of residential mobility.
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| 72. |
- Hordoir, Robinson, et al.
(författare)
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Nemo-Nordic 1.0 : a NEMO-based ocean model for the Baltic and North seas - research and operational applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 12:1, s. 363-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, the Baltic and North seas and their assets associated with shipping, fishing and tourism are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts and enabling climatic studies are important tools for the shipping infrastructure and to get a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended to be a tool for both short-term and long-term simulations and to be used for ocean forecasting as well as process and climatic studies. Here, the scientific and technical choices within Nemo-Nordic are introduced, and the reasons behind the design of the model and its domain and the inclusion of the two seas are explained. The model's ability to represent barotropic and baroclinic dynamics, as well as the vertical structure of the water column, is presented. Biases are shown and discussed. The short-term capabilities of the model are presented, especially its capabilities to represent sea level on an hourly timescale with a high degree of accuracy. We also show that the model can represent longer timescales, with a focus on the major Baltic inflows and the variability in deep-water salinity in the Baltic Sea.
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| 73. |
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| 74. |
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| 75. |
- Hägg Samuelsson, Ulrika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Voluntary physical exercise-induced vascular effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clin Sci (Lond). - 0143-5221. ; 107:6, s. 571-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forced training has been shown to have beneficial vascular effects in various animal exercise models. In the present study, we explored possible physiological and molecular effects of voluntary physical exercise on various vascular beds. SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats) performed voluntary exercise for 5 weeks in a computerized wheel cage facility. Ex vivo myograph studies revealed an increased sensitivity of the ACh (acetylcholine)-mediated vasodilation in resistance arteries of the exercised animals (ED50=15.0+/-3.5 nmol/l) compared with the controls (ED50=37.0+/-8.8 nmol/l; P=0.05). The exercise/control difference was abolished after scavenging reactive oxygen radicals. In conduit arteries, ACh induced a similar vasodilatory response in both groups. The in vivo aortic wall stiffness, assessed by means of Doppler tissue echography, was significantly lower in the exercising animals than in controls. This was demonstrated by significantly increased peak systolic aortic wall velocity (P=0.03) and the velocity time integral (P=0.01) in exercising animals compared with controls. The relative gene expression of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) was similar in both groups of animals, whereas Cu/ZnSOD (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase) gene expression was significantly increased (+111%; P=0.0007) in the exercising animal compared with controls. In conclusion, voluntary physical exercise differentially improves vascular function in various vascular beds. Increased vascular compliance and antioxidative capacity may contribute to the atheroprotective effects associated with physical exercise in conduit vessels.
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| 76. |
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Identitet i en föränderlig värld : Sju nya historieskrivningar
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antologin visar nyansrikedomen inom det ämne som i vid mening kallas historia. Avståndet mellan texterna kan tyckas vara stort, då det rör sig om skildringar av hur vikingar gestaltas på museum, den svenska adelns förändrade identitet under 1800-talet, hur unga flyktingar i Sverige idag formulerar sin historiska självförståelse i sociala medier och analys av socialdemokraters memoarer som historieskrivning. Vidare berörs materialförvaltares professionalisering inom elitishockey, kulturarv och reggaeturism i Jamaica samt volontärorganisationers förändring till politiska rörelser i flyktingmottagandet 2015. Det gemensamma temat för antologin är frågor om hur individer eller kollektiv formar sin identitet i relation till de temporala sammanhang som de skriver in sig själva i.
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| 77. |
- Jacobs, Kevin B, et al.
(författare)
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Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - New York : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:6, s. 651-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. We observed mosaic abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of >2 Mb in size in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%), with abnormal cell proportions of between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, frequency increased with age, from 0.23% under 50 years to 1.91% between 75 and 79 years (P = 4.8 × 10(-8)). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals; odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; P = 0.016), with stronger association with cases who had DNA collected before diagnosis or treatment (OR = 1.45; P = 0.0005). Detectable mosaicism was also more common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least 1 year before diagnosis with leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR = 35.4; P = 3.8 × 10(-11)). These findings underscore the time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and potentially other late-onset diseases.
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| 78. |
- Jansson, Kenny, 1975-
(författare)
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Tillsammans : Bidrag till den etniska boendesegregationens geofilosofi
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What happens if geography itself is posed as a question instead of as a mere framework for other, geographical, questions? What about the geography of ethnic residential segregation? If we did not start out by postulating individuals, ethnicities, neighbourhoods, nation-states or other geographies, what would it be? This thesis is an attempt to investigate the geography of ethnic residential segregation as a question of radical empiricism. It begins in the observation that ideology, in the broadest sense, permeates the question of ethnic residential segregation, both politically and scientifically. In politics in terms of ideologies proper, in social science and human geography in terms of explicit and implicit theory. It begins also, in the experience of interrelation of geographies and the impossibility of making strategic delimitations without the annihilation of geography itself. The geography of ethnic residential segregation cannot do without the geography of geography. The geography of geography might be comprehended through the philosophy of earth as process – geophilosophy. By geophilosophy, geography is unfolded as a field of investigation, as the subject of a radical empiricism. Starting out in the geographies of geography, city, togetherness and separation respectively, the geography of ethnic residential segregation is eventually understood as a question of geographical morphogenesis. This implies that the geography of ethnic residential segregation might be in different states of organisation. Different states of organisation implies different possibilities of geographical togetherness, whether in terms of territory, society, ethnicity, identity, self or body. This also implies that the understanding and manipulation of ethnic residential segregation is and must be part of the morphogenetic process itself, as it is a question of situational concrete practice and not theoretical abstractions, outlooks or conceptions.
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| 79. |
- Jarvius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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In situ detection of phosphorylated platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta using a generalized proximity ligation method
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 6:9, s. 1500-1509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved methods are needed for in situ characterization of post-translational modifications in cell lines and tissues. For example, it is desirable to monitor the phosphorylation status of individual receptor tyrosine kinases in samples from human tumors treated with inhibitors to evaluate therapeutic responses. Unfortunately the leading methods for observing the dynamics of tissue post-translational modifications in situ, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, exhibit limited sensitivity and selectivity. Proximity ligation assay is a novel method that offers improved selectivity through the requirement of dual recognition and increased sensitivity by including DNA amplification as a component of detection of the target molecule. Here we therefore established a generalized in situ proximity ligation assay to investigate phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) in cells stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor BB. Antibodies specific for immunoglobulins from different species, modified by attachment of DNA strands, were used as secondary proximity probes together with a pair of primary antibodies from the corresponding species. Dual recognition of receptors and phosphorylated sites by the primary antibodies in combination with the secondary proximity probes was used to generate circular DNA strands; this was followed by signal amplification by replicating the DNA circles via rolling circle amplification. We detected tyrosine phosphorylated PDGFRβ in human embryonic kidney cells stably overexpressing human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged human PDGFRβ in porcine aortic endothelial cells transfected with the β-receptor, but not in cells transfected with the α-receptor, and also in immortalized human foreskin fibroblasts, BJ hTert, endogenously expressing the PDGFRβ. We furthermore visualized tyrosine phosphorylated PDGFRβ in tissue sections from fresh frozen human scar tissue undergoing wound healing. The method should be of great value to study signal transduction, screen for effects of pharmacological agents, and enhance the diagnostic potential in histopathology.
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| 80. |
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