| 2011. |
- Hansen, Thorbjorn, et al.
(författare)
-
The use of the LSHR sampler to determine total oxygen contents in the ladle and tundish for different steel grades
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : Wiley. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 77:8, s. 550-557
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The LSHR sampler is a new development for providing a sample volume large enough to study semi-macro and macro inclusions in clean steel. During the development of the LSHR sampler it was found that the pin where the steel enters the sampler can be used for the determination of the total oxygen content. Therefore, samples were taken at several different steel plants both in the ladle and the tundish as well as for the following five different steel grades: bearing steel, stainless steel 304L and 316L, DWI steel and ULC steel. The general conclusion regarding the sampling is that it was successful for all conditions and steel grades studied. The sample pins were examined for total oxygen content using both the inert-gas-fusion method and the fractional-gas-analysis method. Thereafter, the standard deviations with respect to the total oxygen data were used as a measure of the samples reliability. The general conclusion regarding the total oxygen determinations is that they were accurate for the five steel grades studied and the conditions under which the sampling took place.
|
|
| 2012. |
- Hanson, Maj, 1939, et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic properties of two-dimensional arrays of epitaxial Fe (001) submicron particles
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 85:5, s. 2793-2799
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnetic properties of two-dimensional arrays of Fe particles with well-defined geometry, prepared by electron lithography from epitaxial Fe (001) films of thickness of 50 nm, have been studied. Circular particles with diameters of 0.6 and 0.4 m and rectangular particles 0.9 m0.3 m and 0.7 m0.2 m, were positioned in square and rectangular lattices, respectively, with lattice constants about twice the particle dimensions. Samples were prepared with the lattices oriented along the 100 and 110 directions. Hysteresis curves were obtained in the field range 2 T at temperatures between 30 and 300 K. The hysteresis curves are characteristic for single particles with a multidomain zero-field state. The magnetization and demagnetization processes are mainly governed by the geometrical shape of the particles and their orientation with respect to the crystal directions and the applied field. This implies that the high quality in the epitaxial Fe films is preserved during the patterning process. Magnetic images, obtained by magnetic force microscopy, support the conclusions drawn from the magnetization measurements. The circular particles showed a fourfold symmetry in their magnetic image, which is compatible with the expected domain structure in a disk with cubic crystalline anisotropy
|
|
| 2013. |
- Hanson, Robin, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Challenges and requirements in the introduction of automated loading and unloading
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research question The use of autonomous vehicles for road transport holds a potential to improve transport performance within areas such as safety, sustainability, driver shortage, and cost efficiency, and there is an increasing interest in the area (Sindi and Woodman, 2021). However, to fully realise the potential of autonomous transport, it seems that the interfaces with shipping and receiving facilities, in terms of loading and unloading, should be automated too, as argued below.In traditional setups, the truck driver is often responsible for loading and unloading the truck, as well as for securing the load. Hence, if there is no truck driver, a different solution is required. A straightforward solution would be for the personnel in the facilities to perform the loading and unloading. Increasingly, however, automation is applied also in production (Bortolini et al. 2021) and warehousing (Custodio and Machado 2020), and it is therefore not obvious that there will be personnel available at the pickup or delivery locations either. Moreover, it is not uncommon that facilities are manned only during daytime. Automated loading and unloading operations could make it possible to decouple the truck transports from the operations in the facilities, thereby enabling round the clock deliveries, regardless of the manning of the facilities. This could reduce congestion on the road. The application of automation often holds a potential to reduce operational cost, as the cost of man-hours may be reduced, which has been indicated in research on internal transport (Bechtsis et al. 2017), as well as the broader area of materials handling. There are several potential challenges that need to be overcome, and several requirements that need to be fulfilled, to enable automated loading and unloading between the autonomous transport and the shipping and receiving facilities. The loading and unloading processes can be considered to take place in the interface between different systems, linking the shipping facilities with the external transport, and linking the external transport with the receiving facilities. In addition to moving the goods onto and off the truck, there are further activities that need to be undertaken, which are performed manually in most systems today. This includes for example opening and closing the hatch of the truck and, importantly, securing the load on the truck after loading it. Applying a systems approach, this paper addresses the question: which are the challenges and requirements of automated loading and unloading in a setting of autonomous freight road transport? Brief overview of the state of the art, including relevant references Significant research in past focused on simulating and automating loading and unloading operations on transportation system with truck driver (Shen et al. 2019; Cao and Dou 2021). They are primarily focused on planning of loading and unloading system and defining the working principles of systemsmodules compatible with multiple material, For instance, Xu et al. (2021). Stacking of standard pallets on truck with fully automated forklifts (Cao and Dou 2021), design and development of automatic cargo batch system for loading and unloading operations (Lee et al. 2014), design and development of automated guided vehicle for material handing in production (Thylén 2022) and application of digital twin technology in design and develop of an intelligent control system for automatic loading and unloading (Zhu, Xu, and Zhu 2021). Nevertheless, when it comes to unmanned fully autonomous transportation, studies on designing and realizing interfaces with shipping and receiving facilities, are limited and at nascent stage. Working towards addressing this research gap, this study identified challenges and requirements of automated loading and unloading in a setting of autonomous truck freight road transport. Method The paper is based on a case study at a production site where autonomous truck transport is currently applied in a pilot setup. In the pilot setup, goods are delivered by an autonomous truck from a production plant to a nearby warehouse, located a few hundred metres from the plant, although travelling partly on a public road. Connected to the pilot setup, preparations are also made for applying automated loading and unloading of the autonomous truck. The study is led by researchers from two universities and is conducted in cooperation with representatives from several companies. All the companies are participating in the preparations for automated loading and unloading at the production site: themanufacturing company operating the production plant and the warehouse, the company providing the autonomous truck, a company providing equipment for automated materials handling, and a company specializing in solutions for load securing. Data is collected through site visits and mapping of processes and material flows, as well as through interviews with the companies involved in the pilot setup and in the preparations for automated loading and unloading. Analysis and results The results from the first stage of the project have been used to prepare a base case with a conventional truck and driver used to move pallets between the production plant and the warehouse. A second case uses an autonomous truck to transport the pallets from the production plant to the warehouse. For the base case the truck is loaded by the driver using a forklift truck (FLT) and the driver secures the load. Unloading at the warehouse is done by FLT operated by someone working in receiving area. For the second case (autonomous truck) the vehicle is loaded by FLT operated by someone from the production plant. Unloading is the responsibility of the warehouse receiving the pallets and is therefore the same as the base case operation.Mapping the material flows and the steps involved has shown that the driver plays various roles beyond driving the truck between the plant and the warehouse. These roles include: opening the door/gate at the loading bay, loading the truck with pallets, securing the load, deciding when the truck is full and needs to leave the plant to go to the warehouse and informing the staff at the warehouse that the truck has arrived. After unloading the driver will determine whether the truck should go back to the production plant for another load or should be used for another activity at the production location. When the autonomous truck is used then the ancillary actions carried out by the driver (listed above) have to be done by someone else or a change has to be made to the processes – for example a sensor could indicate the arrival at the warehouse of the loaded truck. Mapping the processes has demonstrated the scale of the challenge in automating these activities and the requirements applying to an automated loading and unloading system. These include the dynamic environment of the loading/unloading area, non-uniformity of goods, scanning of goods (identification tag, ensuring even weight distribution and alignment of pallets, securing of the load). The accountability and responsibilities of different stakeholders in fully automated unmanned system and handling of claims must also be addressed in the change to more automated systems.
|
|
| 2014. |
- Hanson, Robin, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Man-hour efficiency of manual kit preparation in the materials supply to mass-customised assembly
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 57:11, s. 3735-3747
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Addressing the materials feeding principle of kitting, commonly applied in the materials supply to mass-customised assembly, the current paper has the purpose of exploring how the man-hour efficiency of kit preparation is affected by the design and the context of the kit preparation. The study presented in the paper is based on a comprehensive methodology, comprising several steps and considering a large set of qualitative as well as quantitative data from 15 case studies. It also utilises the expertise of practitioners from the industry. The paper provides a valuable addition to the existing literature where empirical evidence is scarce. From a practical perspective, it offers support to the design of man-hour efficient kit preparation systems. The findings show that the design and the context of the kit preparation system can have a decisive, yet complex, impact on the man-hour efficiency and, thereby, on an assessment of the applicability of kitting. The paper identifies several important aspects of both design and context and indicates how these aspects are linked to the man-hour efficiency of kit preparation.
|
|
| 2015. |
- Hanson, Robin, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance Characteristics of Robotic Mobile Fulfilment Systems in Order Picking Applications
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 51:11, s. 1493-1498
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the application of automation in warehouse order picking. Specifically, the paper deals with Robotic Mobile Fulfilment Systems (RMFSs). Existing literature has indicated that RMFSs can bring benefits in several performance areas, but research that deals with these benefits in detail is scarce. The purpose of the paper is to identify the performance characteristics of RMFSs and the relations between these performance characteristics and the design of the RMFSs as well as the context in which they are applied. The paper includes a review of existing literature on RMFSs and presents a case study from an application of an RMFS in the order picking of consumer goods in an e-commerce setting.
|
|
| 2016. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Co-firing biomass with coal for electricity generation—An assessment of the potential in EU27
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 37:4, s. 1444-1455
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union aims to increase bioenergy use. Co-firing biomass with coal represents an attractive near-term option for electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES-E). This study assesses the near-term technical potential for biomass co-firing with coal in the existing coal-fired power plant infrastructure in the EU27 Member States. The total technical potential for RES-E frombiomass co-firing amounts to approximately 50–90 TWh/yr, which requires a biomass supply of approximately 500–900 PJ/yr. The estimated co-firing potential in EU27 amounts to 20–35% of the estimated gap between current RES-E production and the RES-E target for 2010. However, for some member states the national co-firing potential is large enough to fill the national gap. The national biomass supply potential is considerably larger than the estimated biomass demand for co-firing for all member states. About 45% of the estimated biomass demand for co-firing comes from plants located close to the sea or near main navigable rivers and indicates the possibility for biomass import by sea transport. Thus, biomass co-firing has the potential to contribute substantially to the RES-E development in EU27.
|
|
| 2017. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Cogeneration of biofuels and heat in the European district heating systems
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th EU BC&E.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union (EU) aims at an increased use of bioenergy in all sectors as well as an increased energy efficiency. The gasification of biomass with subsequent conversion to gaseous and liquid biofuels generates considerable amounts of surplus heat. Given that some of this heat is made useful in district heating systems, the energy efficiency of such biofuel options would increase. Since the district heating systems in the EU to a large extent is based on fossil fuels, CO2 emissions reduction from the district heating systems could be an additional benefit. The aim of this study is to assess the potential for integrating biofuel plants generating surplus heat with the district heating systems in the member states of the EU. On a national level, the heat sink represented by the district heating systems is large enough to accommodate a substantial biofuel production. However, the realization of this potential is highly dependent on national conditions and its competitiveness against other heat sources in the district heating systems. The attractiveness and possible impacts need to be further analyzed.
|
|
| 2018. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Future bioenergy trade in the EU: modelling trading options from a cost-effectiveness perspective
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 17:1, s. 27-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to analyse under what conditions, with respect to CO2 emission-reduction and biofuels-for-transport targets, the trading in the EU of CO2 credits and solid and/or liquid biofuels is cost-effective from the perspective of an optimisation energy systems model. We use the PEEP model covering the EU27 (except Bulgaria, Malta, and Cyprus) to generate insights about the cost-effectiveness of different options under different policy scenarios. Trade in CO2 credits is a cost-effective option, in all relevant policy scenarios. Trade in some biofuels (mainly from Central and Eastern European countries to the EU15) is cost-effective in all assessed scenarios. In the case of CO2 targets (whether national or at the EU level) there is trade in solid biofuels. When biofuels-for-transport targets are also implemented, trading both solid and liquid biofuels is cost-effective.
|
|
| 2019. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
The potential for biomass co-firing with coal in EU27
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition - From research to industry and markets, Feria Valencia, Spain, 2-6 June 2008..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Union (EU) aims to increase the use of bioenergy. An increased production of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) is also being promoted within the EU. Biomass co-firing with coal represents an attractive near-term option for increasing the production of RES-E. This study assesses the near-term technical potential for biomass co-firing with coal in the existing coal-fired power plant infrastructure in the EU27 Member States (MS) and relates the potential to the national EU targets for RES-E by 2010. The possible contribution of RES-E from biomass co-firing to the RES-E target for 2010 for EU27 as a whole (expressed in absolute numbers) is about 10%. However, the contribution from the estimated co-firing potential to the gap between current RES-E levels and the RES-E target for 2010 is about 20-33% for EU27 (depending on assumptions made). For some MS the potential contribution is large enough to fill the gap. Biomass co-firing with coal has the potential to play an important role when increasing the amount of RES-E in EU27. However, considering how little time remains, it is unlikely that co-firing can actually make a considerable contribution to the 2010 RES-E targets.
|
|
| 2020. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Annie, a Tool for Integrating Ergonomics in the Design of Car Interiors
- 1999
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Axelsson at the Department for Work Environment) there some of the authors. (Engström) gained extensive grants (Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found).
|
|
