| 31731. |
- Mccourt, Andy
(författare)
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Brown is the new white: consequences of white adipose tissue alterations in Huntington's disease
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating, inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. Peripheral symptoms, such as skeletal muscle wasting, progressive weight loss, altered body composition and endocrine disturbances exist alongside neurodegeneration. Both the mutant gene and protein are expressed in cells and tissues throughout the body.Weight loss precedes clinical symptoms, suggesting a direct effect of mutant huntingtin. Alterations in adipose tissue have been reported prior to weight loss in animal models of HD. White adipose tissue (WAT) affects whole body energy metabolism via its role as an energy source and WAT alterations may influence peripheral features of HD, such as muscle wasting and weight loss. We therefore investigated peripheral tissues, namely WAT, as a potential model to investigate molecular pathways of HD.We show that WAT of the R6/2 mouse model of HD undergoes browning, as indicated by increased expression of the brown adipocyte marker, uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), at both mRNA and protein levels. This increase is enhanced by repeated cold exposure and leads to an increase in uncoupled mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We also show reduced lipolytic function in R6/2 WAT and upregulation of brown markers in Q175 WAT (Paper I).Next, we show that subcutaneous WAT of human HD gene carriers is altered, suggesting dysregulated fatty acid metabolism, and highlight a key role for CREB1, a transcription factor involved in white adipocyte browning (Paper II).Following this, we investigated the gastric hormone, ghrelin’s effects on peripheral tissues of HD mice. We found ghrelin to postpone the body weight decrease in HD mice, and trends towards rescuing the dysregulation of key genes involved in fat metabolism (Paper III).Finally, we show subtle alterations in gastric mucosal cells of late stage HD patients, with a reduced expression of gastrin-producing G-cells in antrum biopsies, and an increased expression of pepsinogen-producing chief cells of the fundus (Paper IV).Taken together, the results in this thesis suggest that HD mouse WAT undergoes browning, characterised by increased Ucp1 expression, leading to functional consequences. These changes may contribute to the weight loss and/or metabolic disturbances observed in HD. As the presence of brown-like adipocytes in WAT affects overall energy expenditure, it is highly relevant for further investigation in human HD.
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| 31732. |
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| 31733. |
- Mcgilligan, Patrick
(författare)
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Hitchcock på Henley's: Ett porträtt av regissören som ung
- 1999
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Ingår i: Filmhäftet. - 0345-3057. ; :3, s. 12-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förarbete till förarbete till kapitel två i biografin Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light (London: Wiley 2003:24-46).
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| 31734. |
- Mcgilligan, Patrick
(författare)
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Passion: Hitchcock, Alma och filmen (1921–1925)
- 2000
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Ingår i: Filmhäftet. - 0345-3057. ; :2, s. 33-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förarbete till kapitel tre i biografin Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light (London: Wiley 2003:47-74)
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| 31735. |
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| 31736. |
- McGookin, David, et al.
(författare)
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Extreme navigation: introduction to the special issue
- 2012
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Ingår i: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1617-4909 .- 1617-4917. ; 16:8, s. 957-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31737. |
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| 31738. |
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| 31739. |
- McIntyre, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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The Art of Belonging : Social integration of young migrants in urban contexts through cultural placemaking
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the start of 2022, 100 million people worldwide have been forced to flee their homes and seek refuge in distant countries. This number reflects the increased displacement within Europe following the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 but also highlights the ongoing nature of forced migration as people from across the world need to seek asylum and refugee often moving across perilous land and sea routes into Europe. Almost half of the world’s forced migrants are children under the age of 18. Those vulnerable children and young people who arrive in the United Kingdom tend to be dispersed to citiesand large towns in urban areas. In Sweden, towns and urban areas also have become the main resettlement context for forced migrants.Even if there is legal support for access to the asylum-seeking process and education for young migrants there is a need for supporting the process of belonging in a robust and long-term way.Young, often unaccompanied, forced migrants arrive in our cities in the hope of a better life but find themselves at risk of higher rates of poor mental health, isolation, exploitation and in extreme cases of human trafficking. If young new arrivals are perceived as bringing little of value to receiving societies, there is also a risk of community tensions. There is a pressing need for policies supporting the social inclusion of young, forced migrants into our societies. The Art of Belonging report is drawn from qualitative research of a planned programme of cultural citizenship for young new arrivals.The report describes the development and implementation of arts and cultural programmes aimed at new arrivals in our case study cities, Nottingham and Lund. We found that there is a distinctive signature pedagogy underpinning the ways in which artists work successfully with young new arrivals who faceconsiderable challenges as they try to learn to adapt to life in their new context. We also found that much of the existing support for new arrivals in our cities is dependent upon a network of often unseen and unrecognised connections within our communities. Members of the public were overwhelmingly positive about the potential attributes and contributions of young new arrivals when they were given the opportunity meet and engage with them in their visits to cultural venues in the city and in the final public exhibitions.We conclude that the cost-effective programme reduced social isolation, increased positive mental health, and broke down barriers between new arrivals and their host communities. We report the often unheard voices of young, forced migrants, and highlight the policy implications of the research findings.
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| 31740. |
- McKay, Claire
(författare)
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Benthic environmental responses to climatic changes during the late Quaternary: a micropalaeontological and geochemical approach
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a limited understanding of how the benthic environment within upwelling regions responded to past rapid climatic changes. Within this thesis, a multiproxy approach is applied to two marine sediment cores from two coastal upwelling sites in the low latitude subtropical Atlantic. With a focus on benthic foraminiferal faunal analyses, the response of the benthic environment to rapid climatic changes and the degree of coupling with surface primary production was reconstructed for the last 35 ka for the Mauritanian upwelling system and 70 ka for the Benguela upwelling system. Benthic foraminiferal faunal composition shifts occurred within both records, in the case of the Mauritanian upwelling site four shifts occurred: during late MIS3 (35-28 ka), across Heinrich event 2 and the Last Glacial Maximum (28 to 19 ka), throughout Heinrich event 1, the Bølling Allerød and the Younger Dryas (18-11.5 ka) and throughout the Holocene (11 ka – present). From the Benguela Upwelling System, six benthic foraminiferal assemblages were documented within the record: the first two during MIS4 and early MIS3 (70-59 and 59-40 ka), late MIS3 (40-30 ka), early-late MIS2 (30-16 ka), the termination of MIS2 to the onset of MIS1 (16 – 12 ka) and the Holocene (12 ka - present). Perhaps the most striking finding from both records was the abundance of low oxygen tolerant benthic foraminiferal species Eubuliminella exilis being so tightly correlated with diatom accumulation rate. From this coupling, low oxygen conditions at the seafloor were inferred to be caused by extreme levels of productivity export which actually hindered the benthos in terms of benthic foraminiferal diversity and accumulation rate; during Heinrich Event 1 and the Younger Dryas within the Mauritanian upwelling system and during late MIS4 and MIS3 within the Benguela upwelling system. In conclusion, major changes in deep-sea benthic foraminiferal faunas over the late Quaternary were attributed not only to upwelling intensity influenced by trade wind strength but also a complex balance between surface water productivity, sea level and deep water circulation. Therefore, this thesis demonstrates the rapidity of the benthic environmental response to these factors induced by global scale climatic change. To investigate the interplay between the surface and bottom water o further, a geochemical approach using the elemental composition of foraminiferal shells (tests) to develop a proxy of bottom water oxygen content was undertaken. The analytical methods of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Flow- Through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (FT-ICP-OES) were used to measure redox sensitive element manganese (Mn) and the results indicate that foraminiferal Mn/Ca in might prove to be a valuable proxy for oxygen in the bottom and pore waters when influenced by different productivity regimes. Lastly this thesis explores the concept of size fractions used for benthic foraminiferal analyses. By performing size fraction studies on samples from the Benguela record and reviewing the literature, an underrepresentation of opportunistic taxa such as Epistominella exigua occurred when the finer (>63-125 μm) fraction was not analysed. However, the relative abundances of the benthic foraminiferal species does not alter sufficiently and therefore the palaeoecological interpretation does not change within this specific record. Overall, the findings within this thesis contribute to a gap in the knowledge regarding the seafloor responses to surface productivity dynamics during rapid climate changes, which need to be better understood in order to comprehend upwelling regions and predict future benthic environmental changes.
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