| 21. |
- Zhang, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
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Our way(s) to action research : Doctoral students’ international and interdisciplinary collective memory work
- 2014
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Ingår i: Action Research. - London, UK : SAGE Publications. - 1476-7503 .- 1741-2617 .- 0264-5122. ; 12:3, s. 293-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study involved six Swedish and Canadian doctoral students who shared interests in using action research in professional education in different disciplines. We employed Noffke’s three dimensions of action research as a theoretical framework (i.e., the Professional, the Personal, and the Political). Using collective biography as a methodology, we cooperatively examined how our personal and professional agendas and macro-level structures have been shaping our intentions to conduct action research projects in our respective disciplines. The key findings of this international and interdisciplinary collective biography relate our growing awareness of the intimacy between research and life in vari- ous professional and geographic contexts. Collectively addressing our shared frustrations, we celebrated action research as a methodology that attends to the dynamic and concrete lived experiences of our participants in various spatio-temporalities. Reflecting upon the hybridity of our own researcher identities, we were also able to see the intimate relation between ourselves as active citizens and critical action researchers who are determined to take up the challenges and engage in critically oriented action research that could nurture more ‘‘caring,’’ ‘‘empowering,’’ and ‘‘transforming’’ public spheres.
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| 22. |
- Acuña Mora, Mariela, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Patient empowerment and its correlates in young persons with congenital heart disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 18:5, s. 389-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the level of empowerment and identify its correlates in young persons with congenital heart disease. Study design: Patients aged 14–18 years with congenital heart disease, and under active follow-up in one of four paediatric cardiology centres in Sweden were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. A total of 202 young persons returned the questionnaires. Patient empowerment was measured with the Gothenburg Young Persons Empowerment Scale that allows the calculation of total and subscale scores. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were undertaken to analyse possible correlates, including: sex, age, health behaviours, knowledge of congenital heart disease, quality of life, patient-reported health, congenital heart disease complexity, transition readiness and illness perception. Results: The mean empowerment score was 54.6±10.6 (scale of 15–75). Univariate analyses showed that empowerment was associated with age, quality of life, transition readiness, illness perception, health behaviours and patient-reported health (perceived physical appearance, treatment anxiety, cognitive problems and communication issues). However, multivariable linear regression analyses identified that only transition readiness (β=0.28, P<0.001) and communication (β=0.36, P<0.001) had a positive association with patient empowerment. These variables were also significantly associated with the subscale scores of the empowerment scale of knowledge and understanding (P<0.001), shared decision-making (P<0.001) and enabling others (P<0.01). The overall models’ explained variance ranged from 8% to 37%. Conclusion: Patient empowerment was associated with transition readiness and fewer problems communicating. While it is not possible to establish the directionality of the associations, interventions looking to increase empowerment could benefit from using these variables (or measurements) for evaluation purposes.
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| 23. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Association between interval between call for ambulance and return of spontaneous circulation and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2006
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 71:1, s. 40-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the association between the interval between the call for ambulance and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: All patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started, included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry (SCAR) for whom information about the time of calling for an ambulance and the time of ROSC was available. RESULTS: Among 26,192 patients who were included in SCAR and were not witnessed by the ambulance crew, information about the time of call for an ambulance and the time of ROSC was available in 4847 patients (19%). There was a very strong relationship between the interval between call for an ambulance and ROSC and survival to one month. If the interval was less than or equal to 5 min, 47% survived to one month. If the interval exceeded 30 min, only 5% (n = 35) survived to one month. The vast majority of the latter survivors had a shockable rhythm either on admission of the rescue team or at some time during resuscitation. CONCLUSION: Among patients who have ROSC after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, there is a very strong association between the interval between the call for ambulance and ROSC and survival to one month. However, even if this delay is very long (> 30 min after calling for an ambulance), a small percentage will ultimately survive; they are mainly patients who at some time during resuscitation have a shockable rhythm. The overall percentage of patients for whom CPR continued for more than 30 min who are alive one month later can be assumed to be extremely low.
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| 24. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and outcome amongst young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation is attempted
- 2006
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Ingår i: J Intern Med. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 260:5, s. 435-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Amongst patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, young adults represent a minority. However, these victims suffer from the catastrophe when they are in a very active phase of life and have a long life expectancy. This survey aims to describe young adults in Sweden who suffer from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is attempted in terms of characteristics and outcome. DESIGN: Prospective and descriptive design. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Young adults (18-35 years) who suffered from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom CPR was attempted and who were included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry between 1990 and 2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival to 1 month. RESULTS: In all, 1105 young adults (3.1% of all the patients in the registry) were included, of which 29% were females, 51% were nonwitnessed and 15% had a cardiac aetiology. Only 17% were found in ventricular fibrillation, 53% received bystander CPR. The overall survival to 1 month was 6.3%. High survival was found amongst patients found in ventricular fibrillation (20.8%) and those with a cardiac aetiology (14.8%). Ventricular fibrillation at the arrival of the rescue team remained an independent predictor of an increased chance of survival (odds ratio: 7.43; 95% confidence interval: 3.44-16.65). CONCLUSION: Amongst young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in whom CPR was attempted, a minority survived to 1 month. Subgroups with a higher survival could be defined (patients found in ventricular fibrillation and patients in whom there was a cardiac aetiology). However, only one independent predictor of an increased chance of survival could be demonstrated, i.e. ventricular fibrillation at the arrival of the rescue team.
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| 25. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Major differences in 1-month survival between hospitals in Sweden among initial survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2006
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 70:3, s. 404-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To explore the rate of survival to hospital discharge among patients who were brought to hospital alive after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in different hospitals in Sweden. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients who had suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest which was not witnessed by the ambulance crew, in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started and who had a palpable pulse on admission to hospital were evaluated for inclusion. Each participating ambulance organisation and its corresponding hospital(s) required at least 50 patients fulfilling these criteria. RESULTS: Three thousand eight hundred and fifty three patients who were brought to hospital by 21 different ambulance organisations fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The number of patients rescued by each ambulance organisation varied between 55 and 900. The survival rate, defined as alive 1 month after cardiac arrest, varied from 14% to 42%. When correcting for dissimilarities in characteristics and factors of the resuscitation, the adjusted odds ratio for survival to 1 month among patients brought to hospital alive in the three ambulance organisations with the highest survival versus the three with the lowest survival was 2.63 (95% CI: 1.77-3.88). CONCLUSION: There is a marked variability between hospitals in the rate of 1-month survival among patients who were alive on hospital admission after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. One possible contributory factor is the standard of post-resuscitation care.
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| 26. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Person centred care and shared decision making: Implications for ethics, public health and research
- 2012
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Ingår i: Health Care Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1065-3058 .- 1573-3394. ; 20:3, s. 231-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a systematic account of ethical issues actualised in different areas, as well as at different levels and stages of health care, by introducing organisational and other procedures that embody a shift towards person centred care and shared decision-making (PCC/SDM). The analysis builds on general ethical theory and earlier work on aspects of PCC/SDM relevant from an ethics perspective. This account leads up to a number of theoretical as well as empirical and practice oriented issues that, in view of broad advancements towards PCC/SDM, need to be considered by health care ethics researchers. Given a PCC/SDM-based reorientation of health care practice, such ethics research is essential from a quality assurance perspective.
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| 27. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of cardiac arrest and resuscitation by age group : an analysis from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : W. B. Saunders Co.. - 0735-6757 .- 1532-8171. ; 25:9, s. 1025-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The objective of this study was to describe patients who experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by age group.METHODS: All patients who suffered from an OHCA between 1990 and 2005 and are included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry (n = 40,503) were classified into the following age groups: neonates, younger than 1 year; young children, between 1 and 4 years; older children, between 5 and 12 years; adolescents, between 13 and 17 years; young adults, between 18 and 35 years; adults not retired, between 36 and 64 years; adults retired, between 65 and 79 years; and older adults, 80 years or older.RESULTS: Ventricular fibrillation was lowest in young children (3%) and highest in adults (35%). Survival to 1 month was lowest in neonates (2.6%) and highest in older children (7.8%). Children (<18 years), young adults (18-35 years), and adults (>35 years) survived to 1 month 24.5%, 21.2%, and 13.6% of cases, respectively (P = .0003 for trend) when found in a shockable rhythm. The corresponding figures for nonshockable rhythms were 3.8%, 3.2%, and 1.6%, respectively (P < .0001 for trend).CONCLUSIONS: There is a large variability in characteristics and outcome among patients in various age groups who experienced an OHCA. Among the large age groups, there was a successive decline in survival with increasing age in shockable and nonshockable rhythms.
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| 28. |
- Hermansson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching for a monolingual school? (In)visibility of multilingual perspectives in Swedish teacher education
- 2022
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Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Routledge. - 2000-4508. ; 13:3, s. 321-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the knowledge about linguistic and cultural diversity that is delineated in the syllabi of teacher education programmes for pre-, primary and secondary schools at two Swedish universities. A quantitative search for 14 chosen keywords preceded a closer analysis of the concepts *language* and *cultur*, when using truncation, in 192 syllabi. This showed that linguistic diversity was to a certain extent evident, mainly through the subjects Swedish and English, while for one university cultural diversity was mainly identified in the syllabi of Educational Work and English. If knowledge about linguistic and cultural diversity is limited to language subjects, and to some extent to pre-school and earlier school years, the risk is high that student teachers are not prepared to support equity in education for multilingual and non-dominant groups. Thus, we find that students studying the current Swedish teacher education programme are unlikely to be well equipped to meet the challenges related to creating equal educational opportunities for students in situations of linguistic and cultural diversity.
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| 29. |
- Beach, Dennis, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Rurality and education relations : metro-centricity and local values in rural communities and rural schools
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Educational Research Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1474-9041. ; 18:1, s. 19-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on ethnographic fieldwork in six different types of rural area and their schools in different parts of Sweden, this article identifies how rural schools relate to the local place and discusses some of the educational implications from this. Recurrent references to the local community were present in some schools and people there explicitly positioned themselves in the local rural context and valorised rurality positively in education exchanges, content and interactions, with positive effects on young people's experiences of participation and inclusion. These factors tended to occur in sparsely populated areas. An emphasis on nature and its value as materially vital in people's lives was present as was a critique of middle-class metrocentricity. Such values and critique seemed to be absent in other areas, where rurality was instead often represented along the metrocentric lines of a residual space in modernizing societies.
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| 30. |
- Svensson, Ola, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Offspring recognition and the influence of clutch size on nest fostering among male sand gobies, Pomatoschistus minutus
- 2010
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 0340-5443 .- 1432-0762. ; 64:8, s. 1325-1331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When parental care is costly, parents should avoid caring for unrelated young. Therefore, it is an advantage to discriminate between related and unrelated offspring so that parents can make informed decisions about parental care. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that male sand gobies (Pomatoschistus minutus) recognize and differentially care for their own offspring when given a choice between a nest with sired eggs and a second nest with eggs sired by an unrelated male. The sand goby is a species with exclusive and costly paternal care. Male parasitic spawnings (e.g., sneaking) as well as nest takeovers by other males are common. Our results show that nests containing sired eggs were preferred and received significantly more care, as measured by nest building and nest occupancy, than nests with foreign eggs even when males cared for both nests. These findings suggest that males respond to paternity cues and recognize their own clutches. Relative clutch size also had a significant effect on male parental care. When sired clutches were larger than foreign clutches, males preferred to care for their own nest. In the few cases where males chose to take care of foreign nests, the foreign clutch was larger than their own clutch. Taken together, our results provide evidence that both paternity cues and clutch size influence parenting decisions among male sand gobies.
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