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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Skoog Ingmar 1954 > Östling Svante 1953 > Tidskriftsartikel

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11.
  • Falk, Hanna, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Functional disability and ability 75-year-olds: a comparison of two Swedish cohorts born 30 years apart
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 43:5, s. 636-641
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To compare the level of functional disability and involvement in leisure activities between two birth cohorts of Swedish 75-year-olds examined in 1976-77 and 2005-06. Design :Cohort comparison. Setting and Participants: Representative data from the general population in Gothenburg, Sweden, examined at age 75 in 1976–77 (N= 744), and in 2005–06 (N= 731) with comprehensive somatic and psychiatric examinations. Measurements: Activities of daily living (ADL); Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL); a battery of self-report measures, including involvement in leisure activities, satisfaction with home environment, social networks, and self-rated health. Results: Functional disability in ADL decreased between the cohorts (13.9% vs. 5.6%, p<.001). Functional disability in IADL also decreased between the cohorts (33.4% vs. 13.0%, p<.001). Combining ADL and IADL resulted in an overall decreased dependency, with the largest decrease seen in women (42.3% vs. 15.1%, p<.001). Involvement in leisure activities increased between the cohorts. For example, the proportion going on international and domestic holiday travels increased (44.6% vs. 72.8%, p<.001), and the proportion who independently drove their own car also increased (10.0% vs. 53.0%, p<.001). Conclusion: Later born cohorts of 75-year-olds are less dependent in activities of daily living and more engaged in leisure activities compared to earlier cohorts. Later born cohorts of 75-year-olds are thus better equipped to maintain a non-age related identity compared to earlier cohorts. Our findings might serve as a reason to adopt a more positive view to aging in a world with an increasing number of older people.
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12.
  • Fredén Klenfeldt, Isak, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder in Relation to Depression and Cognition in an Elderly Population
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481. ; 22:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives We examined the 1-month prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) not fulfilling OCD criteria in relation to sex, age, social and mental function, comorbid depression, and cognitive functioning in an elderly nondemented population. Settings and Participants Population-based sample (N = 900), stratified into two age groups: 70-year-olds (335 women and 224 men) and those aged 78 and above (341 women). Measurements Semi-structured interviews. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, mental and social function with the GAF-scale, memory function with the Word Recall Task and general cognition with MMSE. OCD and Depression were diagnosed according to DSM-IV. Results The one-month prevalence of OCD was 2.9%; a further 21% had OCS. Among 70-year-olds, the prevalence of OCD was 1.3% in men and 4.5% in women. Depression was more common among those with OCD (34.6%) than among those with (12.7%) and without (8.0%) OCS. GAF-score was lower among those with OCD (74.8) and OCS (82.9) compared with individuals without obsessions and compulsions (88.2). The association between OCD and GAF-score remained after adjustment for age, sex, and depression. The OCD subgroup with checking behavior had more memory and concentration problems and did worse on Word Recall Task than other groups in our sample. Conclusions We found that OCD and OCS are common among the elderly. Both conditions are related to depression and poorer mental and social functioning. Physicians who meet elderly patients need to be aware of OCD as it is potentially treatable.
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13.
  • Gislason, Thorsteinn, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of frontotemporal dementia in the elderly
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 11:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is believed to be rare in the elderly, and the influence of different criteria on the prevalence of FTD is unclear. METHODS: Population-based samples of 70- to 95-year-olds (n = 2462) in Gothenburg, Sweden, underwent neuropsychiatric examinations. Behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) was diagnosed according to the International Behavioural Variant FTD Criteria Consortium (FTDC), the Frontotemporal Lobe Degeneration Consensus criteria, and the Lund-Manchester Research Criteria. A subset (n = 1074) underwent computerized tomography (CT) of the brain. RESULTS: The prevalence of bvFTD varied between 0.2% and 0.5% at age 70 to 79 years, between 2.5% and 3.6% at age 80 to 89 years, and between 1.7% and 2.2% at age 90 to 95 years. The agreement between different criteria was low to moderate (κ = 0.20-0.42). Among those with bvFTD according to FTDC, 93.3% had frontal and/or temporal lobar atrophy on CT, compared with 12.6% of those without bvFTD (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bvFTD was higher than expected in this population. To a large extent, different criteria captured different individuals.
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14.
  • Gudmundsson, Pia, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Depression in Swedish women: relationship to factors at birth.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 26:1, s. 55-60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Depression is a common and serious disorder that may have developmental origins. Birth-related factors have been related to childhood and adult occurrence of somatic as well as psychiatric disorders, but studies on the relationship between birth-related factors and depression are few and show mixed results. In addition, varying methods have been used to assess depression. Standardized clinical criteria to diagnose depression, combined with birth data collected from midwife records have not been used in most studies. Participants in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Sweden (803 women), born 1914, 1918, 1922 and 1930, provide information on birth factors and depression. Women participated from 1968 at mid-life ages of 38-60 years, to 2000, when they were age 78-92 years. Original birth records containing birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational time, as well as social factors were obtained. Lifetime depression was diagnosed via multiple information sources. Symptoms were assessed using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and diagnoses were based on DSM-III-R criteria. Over their lifetime, 44.6% of women in this sample experienced depression. Birth weights ≤ 3500 g [odds ratio (OR), age-adjusted = 1.72; 95% CI 1.29-2.28, P < 0.001] and shorter gestational time (OR, age-adjusted = 1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.24, P = 0.005) were independently associated with a higher odds of lifetime depression in a logistic regression model adjusted for age. Lower than median birth weights and shorter gestational time were related to lifetime depression in women. Both neurodevelopmental and environmental contributions to lifetime depression may be considered.
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15.
  • Gudmundsson, Pia, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Longitudinal associations between physical activity and depression scores in Swedish women followed 32 years
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 132:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Physical activity is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. However, few studies consider dynamic associations of changes in physical activity and reciprocal relationships. This study aimed to perform comprehensive evaluations of relationships between physical activity and depression scores in women followed from mid- to late life. Method: The Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden, provided repeated measures of self-reported physical activity and depressive symptoms between 1974 and 2005 (baseline N = 676, 84.5% response rate). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and physical activity was evaluated by the Saltin–Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale. Latent growth curve analyses were used to evaluate associations of change, and cross-lagged models were used to study the reciprocal relationship between physical activity and depression scores. Results: At baseline, lower levels of physical activity were related to higher depression scores. Individuals with decreasing physical activity over time evidenced higher depression scores at 32-year follow-up. Higher average baseline depression score was related to declining levels of physical activity at subsequent examinations. Conclusion: Reduced physical activity may be a long-term consequence of depression. It is important to address individual changes in physical activity and not merely absolute levels of physical activity in relationship to depression.
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16.
  • Gudmundsson, Pia, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • White Matter Lesions and Temporal Lobe Atrophy Related to incidence of both Dementia and Major Depression in 70-year-olds followed over 10 years
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 22:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Background: A number of studies have suggested associations between dementia and depression in older adults. One reason could be that these disorders share structural correlates, such as white matter lesions (WMLs) and cortical atrophy. No study has examined whether these lesions precede both dementia and depression independently of each other in the general population. Methods: We investigated whether WMLs and cortical atrophy on computed tomography (CT) predict dementia and depression in a population-based sample of 70-year-olds (n=380) followed over 10 years. Exclusion criteria were dementia, major depression, history of stroke and a Mini-Mental State Examination score below 26 at baseline in 2000-01. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R and depression according to DSM-5. Primary outcomes included dementia and major depression at 10-year follow-up. Results: Adjusted logistic regression models, including both WMLs and temporal lobe atrophy, showed that moderate-to-severe WMLs (OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.23-12.76) and temporal lobe atrophy (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.13-7.60) predicted dementia during 10-year follow-up independently of major depression. Similarly, both moderate-to-severe WMLs (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.25-11.76) and temporal lobe atrophy (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.06-5.96) predicted depression even after controlling for incident dementia. Conclusion: WMLs and temporal lobe atrophy preceded 10-year incidence of both dementia and depression in 70-year-olds. Shared structural correlates could explain the reported associations between dementia and depression. These brain changes may represent independent and complementary pathways to dementia and depression. Strategies to slow progression of vascular pathology and neurodegeneration could indirectly prevent both dementia and depression in older adults.
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17.
  • Guo, Xinxin, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Increased risk for dementia both before and after stroke: A population-based study in women followed over 44 years
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 14:10, s. 1253-1260
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the long-term associations between stroke and dementia. Methods: A population sample of 1460 women without stroke or dementia at baseline was followed over 44 years, from 1968 to 2012. Information on stroke and dementia was obtained from neuropsychiatric examinations, key-informant interviews, hospital registry, and medical records. Results: During 44 years follow-up, 362 women developed stroke and 325, dementia. The age-specific incidence of the two disorders was similar. The incidence of dementia was higher in those with stroke than among those without (33.7% vs. 18.5%; age-adjusted hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.15-1.81). The increased risk of dementia started already 5 years before stroke, was highest 1 year after stroke, and continued more than 11 years after stroke. Discussion: There is an increased risk for dementia both before and after stroke. This has implications for understanding the relation between the two disorders and for prevention of dementia and stroke. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Alzheimer's Association.
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18.
  • Guo, Xinxin, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Midlife respiratory function and Incidence of Alzheimer's disease: a 29-year longitudinal study in women
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. ; 28, s. 343-350
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. xinxin.guo@neuro.gu.se Normal cognitive function depends on sufficient supply and efficient utilization of oxygen in the brain. Prospective studies on respiratory function and dementia are lacking. This study investigated the relationship between midlife respiratory function and incidence of dementia in a population-based sample of 1291 women followed from 1974 to 2003. Respiratory function was measured by peak expiratory flow in 1974, and forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1980. Dementia diagnoses were based on information from neuropsychiatric examinations, informant interviews, hospital records and registry data. Better respiratory function in midlife was associated with a lower late-life risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Per 1 standard deviation increase in peak expiratory flow, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for dementia were 0.77 (0.65-0.91), 0.72 (0.57-0.92) and 0.75 (0.59-0.95), respectively, and for AD 0.76 (0.62-0.94), 0.71 (0.54-0.95) and 0.74 (0.56-0.98), respectively, after adjustment for potential confounders. These data reinforce the advantages of maintaining good respiratory function in midlife, even though causation cannot be established. PMID: 16513221 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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19.
  • Gustafson, Deborah, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Adiposity indicators and dementia over 32 years in Sweden
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 73:19, s. 1559-66
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: High midlife and late-life adiposity may increase risk for dementia. Late-life decrease in body mass index (BMI) or body weight within several years of a dementia diagnosis has also been reported. Differences in study designs and analyses may provide different pictures of this relationship. METHODS: Thirty-two years of longitudinal body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) data, from the Prospective Population Study of Women in Sweden, were related to dementia. A representative sample of 1,462 nondemented women was followed from 1968 at ages 38-60 years, and subsequently in 1974, 1980, 1992, and 2000, using neuropsychiatric, anthropometric, clinical, and other measurements. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated incident dementia risk by baseline factors. Logistic regression models including measures at each examination were related to dementia among surviving participants 32 years later. RESULTS: While Cox models showed no association between baseline anthropometric factors and dementia risk, logistic models showed that a midlife WHR greater than 0.80 increased risk for dementia approximately twofold (odds ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.00-4.94, p = 0.049) among surviving participants. Evidence for reverse causality was observed for body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in years preceding dementia diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Among survivors to age 70, high midlife waist-to-hip ratio may increase odds of dementia. Traditional Cox models do not evidence this relationship. Changing anthropometric parameters in years preceding dementia onset indicate the dynamic nature of this seemingly simple relationship. There are midlife and late-life implications for dementia prevention, and analytical considerations related to identifying risk factors for dementia.
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20.
  • Gustafson, Deborah, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Leptin and dementia over 32 years-The Prospective Population Study of Women
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 8:4, s. 272-277
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: We have shown that high mid-life central adiposity may increase the risk for dementia after 32 years. Leptin, an adipose tissue hormone, is correlated with adiposity measures and may contribute to a better etiological understanding of the relationship between high adiposity and dementia. We explored the relationship between serum leptin in mid-life and dementia, which is a late-life outcome. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study, the Prospective Population Study of Women, in Gothenburg, Sweden, includes a representative sample of 1462 women followed from mid-life ages of 38 to 60 years to late-life ages of 70 to 92 years. Women were examined in 1968, 1974, 1980, 1992, and 2000 using neuropsychiatric, anthropometric, clinical, and other measurements. Serum leptin was measured on samples collected at the 1968 baseline examination, after storage at -20 degrees C for 29 years. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated incident dementia risk by baseline leptin. Logistic regression models related leptin levels to dementia among surviving participants 32 years later. All models were adjusted for multiple potential confounders. Results: Mid-life leptin was not related to dementia risk using Cox or logistic regression models. This was observed despite positive baseline correlations between leptin and adiposity measures, and given our previous report of high mid-life waist-to-hip ratio being related to a twofold higher dementia risk. Conclusions: Leptin is not a mid-life marker of late-life dementia risk in this population sample of Swedish women born between 1908 and 1930. (C) 2012 The Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved.
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