| 5571. |
- Gremyr, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Using Complexity Assessment to Inform the Development and Deployment of a Digital Dashboard for Schizophrenia Care: Case Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 22:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health care is becoming more complex. For an increasing number of individuals, interacting with health care means addressing more than just one illness or disorder, engaging in more than one treatment, and interacting with more than one care provider. Individuals with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia are disproportionately affected by this complexity. Characteristic symptoms can make it harder to establish and maintain relationships. Treatment failure is common even where there is access to effective treatments, increasing suicide risk. Knowledge of complex adaptive systems has been increasingly recognized as useful in understanding and developing health care. A complex adaptive system is a collection of interconnected agents with the freedom to act based on their own internalized rules, affecting each other. In a complex health care system, relevant feedback is crucial in enabling continuous learning and improvement on all levels. New technology has potential, but the failure rate of technology projects in health care is high, arguably due to complexity. The Nonadoption, Abandonment, and challenges to Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework and complexity assessment tool (NASSS-CAT) have been developed specifically to help identify and manage complexity in technology-related development projects in health care. Objective: This study aimed to use a pilot version of the NASSS-CAT instrument to inform the development and deployment of a point-of-care dashboard supporting schizophrenia care in west Sweden. Specifically, we report on the complexity profile of the project, stakeholders' experiences with using NASSS-CAT, and practical implications. Methods: We used complexity assessment to structure data collection and feedback sessions with stakeholders, thereby informing an emergent approach to the development and deployment of the point-of-care dashboard. We also performed a thematic analysis, drawing on observations and documents related to stakeholders' use of the NASSS-CAT to describe their views on its usefulness. Results: Application of the NASSS framework revealed different types of complexity across multiple domains, including the condition, technology, value proposition, organizational tasks and pathways, and wider system. Stakeholders perceived the NASSS-CAT tool as useful in gaining perspective and new insights, covering areas that might otherwise have been neglected. Practical implications derived from feedback sessions with managers and developers are described. Conclusions: This case study shows how stakeholders can identify and plan to address complexities during the introduction of a technological solution. Our findings suggest that NASSS-CAT can bring participants a greater understanding of complexities in digitalization projects in general.
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| 5572. |
- Gremyr, Ida, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Blueprinting construction logistics services for quality improvement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-433X .- 0144-6193. ; 41:1, s. 60-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction logistics services can, if implemented with high quality, positively impact both efficiency and sustainability of construction projects. However, present quality management frameworks have not been developed for temporary multi-actor contexts, such as construction, which is largely lacking industrialised processes. Still, construction logistics service providers provide service offerings to temporary settings and could thus benefit from a service quality perspective. Applying this perspective, this study supports the quality improvement of construction logistics services by using a service modularity approach to identify the services to prioritise for improvement. Building on interviews, concept mapping, and a service blueprint of a construction logistics setup, a priority matrix for improvements is developed. The first step in using this matrix is to operationalise the construction logistics setup in modules based on blueprinting. Second, the matrix evaluates the modules against nine empirically derived improvement enablers such as practices and forums for learning, and data measurements enabling the comparison and followup of construction logistics services. In conclusion, the priority matrix helps focus the improvements on modules with high likelihood of successful improvements. Improvements that can become sustained over time through the reuse of standardised modules in upcoming projects.
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| 5573. |
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| 5574. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Calculating the costs of animal-vehicle accidents involving ungulate in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 70, s. 112-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal-vehicle collisions (AVCs) involving ungulate species pose a serious problem in many countries, and the prediction of accidents and costs on a regional and national spatial scale is important for efficient accident mitigation. Based on the assumption that AVCs are determined by traffic volume and ungulate population dynamics, this study developed a relatively simple method for calculating and predicting the costs of current and future traffic accidents involving moose, roe deer and wild boar in Sweden. A logistic population model was assumed for all three ungulate species and econometric methods were applied to obtain population growth models based on panel data on traffic accidents, traffic load, hunting bags, hunting licenses and landscape characteristics for each Swedish county and year from 2003 to 2015. The population growth models were used to predict vehicle accidents and costs. The predicted annual discounted costs of AVCs over a 15-year period based on projected ungulate populations and traffic volume fell by 25% from 406 million USD in 2015, however the allocation of costs between ungulates differed. AVCs involving roe deer accounted for the largest share of the costs (54%), but collisions involving wild boar showed the most rapid increase over the study period because of a relatively high estimated growth rate and recent expansion of wild boar populations to several new counties. However, the predicted costs were sensitive to assumptions regarding population dynamics as well as assumptions about future hunting pressure and traffic volume.
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| 5575. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Costs of air pollutants from shipping : a meta-regression analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transport reviews. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0144-1647 .- 1464-5327. ; 40:4, s. 411-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxides (SO2) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM2.5 and lowest for NOx. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.
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| 5576. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Using traffic data to estimate wildlife populations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Bioeconomics. - : Springer. - 1387-6996 .- 1573-6989. ; 18:1, s. 17-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildlife populations are threatened worldwide by, among others, habitat fragmentation and hunting pressure. An important impediment for the large scale, national and regional, management of the populations is the difficulty to quantify population dynamics. The purpose of this study is to present a tool for such estimations which is based on available data in several countries; traffic load and traffic accidents with wildlife. An econometric model is developed, which accounts for landscape characteristics. It is applied to wild boar in Sweden, for which data on traffic load and accidents for different counties and years are available. Landscape characteristics are introduced with direct or indirect effects on population growth. The indirect landscape model gives the best statistical performance, and the results show relatively small differences in calculated intrinsic growth rate among counties but considerable differences in predicted population developments.
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| 5577. |
- Greßler, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Harvey : A system for random testing in ASP
- 2017
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Ingår i: Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319616599 ; , s. 229-235
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Harvey, a tool for random testing in answer-set programming (ASP) that allows to incorporate constraints to guide the generation of test inputs. Due to the declarative nature of ASP, it can be argued that there is less need for testing than in conventional software development. However, it is shown in practice that testing is still needed when more sophisticated methods are not viable. Random testing is recognised as a simple yet effective method in this regard. The approach described in this paper allows for random testing of answerset programs in which both test-input generation and determining test verdicts is facilitated using ASP itself: The test-input space is defined using ASP rules and uniformity of test-input selection is achieved by using XOR sampling. This allows to go beyond simple random testing by adding further ASP constraints in the process.
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| 5578. |
- Gribble, Nigel, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of time to complete toileting for children with spina bifida
- 2013
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 60:5, s. 343-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aimPrevious research has shown that children with spina bifida use clean intermittent catheterisation for urination, a rather complex procedure that increases the time taken to completion. However, no studies have analysed the factors impacting on the time taken to complete the urination that could inform occupational therapy practice. Therefore, the aim was to identify the variables that predict extended time children with spina bifida take to complete urination.MethodsFifty children, aged 5–18 years old with spina bifida using clean intermittent catheterisation, were observed while toileting and responding to a set of assessments tools, among them the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. A logistic regression was used to identify which variables were independently associated with an extended toileting time.ResultsChildren with spina bifida do take long time to urinate. More than half of this study's participants required more than five minutes completing urination, but not all required extended times. Ambulant, independent girls were more likely to perform toileting in less than six minutes compared with other children with spina bifida. However, age, IQ, maintained focus on the task, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, time processing abilities and self-reported ratings of independence appeared to be of no relevance, to predict extended toileting times.ConclusionTo minimise occupational disruption caused by extended toileting times, occupational therapists should utilise the relevant predictors: gender, independence and ambulation when they prioritise children for relevant interventions.
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| 5579. |
- Griesch, Leon, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement potential of business models and usability of fitness apps : Results of expert interviews and a user study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies BIOSTEC - (Volume 5). - : SciTePress. - 9789897586316 ; , s. 514-521
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile applications (apps) supporting individual users in their personal fitness have received growing interest on the user side and in the research community. The value offered to fitness app users in general consists of support for changing attitude and behaviour towards a healthy lifestyle and maintaining this behaviour. Work presented in this paper aims at contributing to this field by focusing on the following main research question: what improvement potential exists for fitness apps that at the same time are contributing to the business model and desired from a user’s perspective? The contributions of this paper are (1) market and functionality analysis of fitness apps, (2) results of expert interviews on functionality and scenarios with business model improvement potential, and (3) results of a user study on desired improvements from a usability perspective.
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| 5580. |
- Griesch, L., et al.
(författare)
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Towards AI as a Service for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME)
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Practice of Enterprise Modeling. - : Springer. - 9783031485824 - 9783031485831 ; , s. 37-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AI-as-a-Service (AIaaS) combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud computing to make AI accessible to enterprises without implementing complex solutions or technologies on-premise. Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) that lack competencies in the AI and technology sector consider AIaaS as a promising option to implement AI solutions. However, the differences between AIaaS and AI on-premise have not attracted much research. The intention of this paper is to contribute to this area by analysing the literature in the field and investigating a concrete example in more detail. Exploring AIaaS is crucial to better understand the opportunities and limitations of AI services. The contributions of the paper are (a) an analysis of the literature on AIaaS to identify factors affecting AI implementation and how AIaaS solutions differ from on-premise solutions when introducing AI in a company, (b) a case study of an SME that compares AIaaS and AI on-premise in practice, and (c) the application potential of a morphological box to compare AIaaS and AI on-premise.
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