| 349461. |
- Steen-Hansen, A
(författare)
-
Smoke Scaling and Modelling Studies
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxicity, Opacity, Corrosivity and Heat Release. - : Interscience Communications. - 9780955654824 ; , s. 197-216
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 349462. |
- Steen-Hansen, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Smouldering fire test methods – Documenting the potential for smouldering fires in thermal insulation
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this FRIC report, fire test methods to document smouldering in thermal insulation are presented. Standardized test methods from Europe, USA and Canada are presented, describing the test principles and assessment criteria. In addition, a selection of non-standardized experimental methods for smouldering fire documentation used in research and investigations are presented. Finally, factors impacting the outcome of tests as well as knowledge gaps are discussed. The overview presented in this report may be used as a guideline to the reader on benefits and challenges with different methods. Industry, researchers, fire investigators and others may benefit from this overview, to ensure that a relevant method is chosen for each end-use.
|
|
| 349463. |
- Steen-Hansen, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
The Large Fire in Lærdal, January 2014. How did the Fire Spread and what Restricted the Fire Damage?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Natural Disasters and Societal Safety. - Oslo : Novus Forlag. - 8277190832 ; , s. 99-112
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume contains the written versions of the lectures presented at the symposium“Natural Disasters and Societal Safety” held on 28 April 2015. The symposium wasjointly organised and funded by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters(DNVA), the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA) and TheResearch Council of Norway (RCN). The programme for the symposium can befound on the next pages.
|
|
| 349464. |
|
|
| 349465. |
- Steen-Hansen, Anne
(författare)
-
Utredning - branntekniske ytelser for kledninger og overflater
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denne utredning er de preaksepterte ytelsene som gjelder for kledninger og overflater vurdert, jf. TEK17 § 11-9. Både innvendige og utvendige (fasader) kledninger og overflater er behandlet. Utredningen er gjort med bakgrunn itidligere og eksisterende norsk regelverk, i tillegg har vi også undersøkthvordan kledningsklassene anvendes og tolkes i svenske og danskebyggeregler.I utredningen er også dagens preaksepterte ytelse, klasse B-s3,d0, for utvendig kledning inkludert hulrom på fasader vurdert, med utgangspunkt i de britiske undersøkelsene etter brannen i Grenfell Tower i London i juni 2017. Det er i tillegg gjort en enkel vurdering av hvordan fasadeløsningene som ble testet i henhold til britisk standard BS 8414-1 ville oppført seg ved testing i henhold til metoden SP FIRE 105.Utredningen konkluderer med flere anbefalinger til endringer av tekst iveiledningen til TEK17
|
|
| 349466. |
- Steen-Hansen, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Vurdering av branntekniske egenskaper til fasadekledning av tre - Branntesting av trekledning med ulike typer behandling
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes 19 large-scale fire tests of wood cladding with various forms of treatment. The test setup is intended to represent a real façade, and the tests were carried out at RISE Fire Research's laboratory in Trondheim in the spring of 2021. The tests were carried out with different levels of fire exposure representing fire in smaller objects. Burner effects of 125 kW, 251 kW and 376 kW have been used in the experiments. The purpose of the project has been to investigate the fire development in these cladding products and to interpret the results in relation to the safety level of buildings with such claddings. The results of the large-scale tests have been assessed and compared with results from fire testing in small and medium scale tests of the same products. This was done to investigate if the tests in a smaller scale can predict the fire behaviour of the claddings in the large-scale test.The study is limited to investigating fire development and flame spread on the exterior surface of a façade with wooden cladding, to assess the differences between claddings with different treatments. The report also describes the regulations for exterior cladding provided in the Norwegian building regulations with guidelines, and the system for fire testing and classification of such products. Conclusions: It should be specified clearly, either in the product standard EN 14915 Solid wood panelling and cladding - Characteristics, requirements and marking, or preferably in the table of CWFT provisions, that fire classification without testing applies only to untreated wood, as long as otherwise not stated. Pre-accepted performance for all types of treated wooden exterior cladding should be considered in more detail. Today, there are probably a large number of exterior walls with wooden claddings in Norway that do not meet the criteria of fire class D-s3,d0, where this is given as a pre-accepted level of performance in the guidance to the building regulations. The SBI method is considered a good method for assessing and classifying building products' reaction to fire properties, also for exterior wood cladding. Ranking of the tested products based on results from the large-scale test is largely consistent with the ranking of the products based on results from the SBI test. The possibilities of developing a separate set of euroclasses for facades based on testing according to the SBI method should be investigated. In all large-scale experiments, it was demonstrated that the claddings' treatment had the greatest impact on the heat flux measured at different heights in the first 2 minutes of the fire. Geometry in the experimental setup had a major impact on the spread of fire in the façade when the flames reached up to the cantilevered soffit. The effect of geometric conditions may probably be greater than the effect of the surface treatment. Cladding profile and installation of the cladding, especially if the joints are tight and there are no holes in the cladding, are important factors with regard to fire spread in the façade and to cavities behind the cladding.
|
|
| 349467. |
|
|
| 349468. |
- Steen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Antigenic mapping and characterization of Albumin Binding Protein
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The possibility to predict the location of antigenic determinants is a desirable feature in antibody production ventures and for vaccine development. However, antigenic propensity scales available today are poor, and so far it is not possible to predict the best antigen to trigger the immune system. Here, a unique set of 411 antisera towards a common part of allantigens within the Human Protein Atlas project has made it possible to perform massive epitope mapping. This effort generated a true map of the antigenic regions of this common N-terminal tag, and rendered it possible to further investigate what features that generate a good antigen. Investigations on variation in epitope occurrence are often an obstacle when mapping antigens, because of the ethics of using more animals than necessary for antibody production. As a consequence, not much has been done to verify epitopes found and the variance between different immunizations has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein it was shown that the most immunopotentating sites were only detected by the polyclonal antibodies in 70% of the immunizations, demonstrating the need of good antigen design. Detected epitopes also showed that aromatic amino acids, some positively charged aminoacids, and serine and glycine were over-represented in the antigenic hot spot regions. The detected antigenic regions were also shown to have fairly low correlation to several antigenic propensity scales.
|
|
| 349469. |
- Steen, Johanna
(författare)
-
Characterization of Antigenic Properties and High Throughput Protein Purification
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To understand the cellular processes, knowledge of the localization and function of proteins are essential. There are several high throughput ventures examining the human proteome. However, there are some bottlenecks in these ventures. For example the production and expression of soluble proteins for analysis. Another obstacle for affinity proteomics is the generation of high quality antibodies, invaluable tools in biotechnological applications. The objective in this thesis was to facilitate protein purification and sample preparation before analysis and downstream applications. We also aimed to attain more information on what constitutes an ideal immunogen, and on how different immune systems respond to a common amino acid sequence. In one of the projects an automated purification set-up was developed to ensure high recovery of up to milligram amounts of protein with high purity. The system allowed up to 60 recombinant proteins to be purified under both native and denaturing conditions. In another project, the same developed set-up was additionally shown to work with an alternative chromatography resin with small adjustments. Instead of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, used in the first project, ion exchange chromatography was applied under denaturing conditions, with good results. To further automate the production line in high throughput projects, an automated sample preparation was set up for mass spectrometry and e.g. gel electrophoresis analysis. We showed that a crude cell lysate could be used as input in the magnetic bead based system, and totally absent from manual handling, the output was purified and buffer exchanged samples ready for mass spectrometry analysis, as well as a fraction of sample that could be used for complementary analyses, for example gel electrophoresis to determine the protein concentration and purity. The other objective was – as noted – to gain better comprehension of antibody generation to foreign proteins, and to shed more light over how to design a good antigen. First was a solubility assay developed that determined the remaining fraction of soluble protein after reduction of the concentration of denaturing agent. The assay was performed in a 96 deep well plate, and only instrumentation available in a standard laboratory was necessary. The fact that the assay could be automated on a pipetting robot, increased the throughput and reduced the necessary manual handling. Obtained information on antigen solubility was correlated to the cognate antibody titers. At average the antibody yield was higher when a soluble antigen was used for immunization. Also, the probability of failing in eliciting an immune response was increased if an insoluble antigen was used. However, the antibody titers in each solubility class were highly diverse, and thus also some insoluble antigens were found that provoked the immune system. To further examine the differences between different B cell repertoires, a massive epitope mapping was performed with more than 400 different antisera reacting to the same amino acid sequence. Antigenic hot spot regions were discovered, as well as regions depleted in antibody recognition. However, in one third of the antisera the most abundant antigenic region did not elicit any binding of antibodies. This further validates the conclusion that good antigen design is essential, however is it not certain the outcome of immunizations can ever be determined a priori due to the variability between hosts. An alternative to immunization is selection of affinity reagents by phage display. In the last project an initial parallelized set-up selected antibody fragments that showed high specificity and were compatible with several biotechnological applications, making the set-up a promising alternative to conventional immunization in proteome-wide endeavors.
|
|
| 349470. |
|
|
