| 51. |
- Bernstad, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Potentials for food waste minimization and effects on potential biogas production through anaerobic digestion.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 1096-3669. ; 31:8, s. 811-819
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several treatment alternatives for food waste can result in both energy and nutrient recovery, and thereby potential environmental benefits. However, according to the European Union waste management hierarchy, waste prevention should be the prioritized strategy to decrease the environmental burdens from all solid waste management. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the potential for food waste minimization among Swedish households through an investigation of the amount of avoidable food waste currently disposed of. A further aim was to investigate the effect on the national biogas production potential through anaerobic digestion of food waste, considering minimization potentials. A method for waste composition analyses of household food waste, where a differentiation between avoidable and unavoidable food waste is made, was used in a total of 24 waste composition analyses of household waste from Swedish residential areas. The total household food waste generation reached 3.4 kg (household and week)(-1), on average, of which 34% is avoidable. The theoretical methane (CH4) potential in unavoidable food waste reached 442 Ndm(3) (kg VS)(-1) or 128 Nm(3) tonne(-1) wet waste, while the measured (mesophilic CH4 batch tests) CH4 production reached 399 Ndm(3) (kg VS)(-1), which is lower than several previous assessments of CH4 production from household food waste. According to this study the combination of a decrease in food waste generation-in case of successful minimization-and decreased CH4 production from unavoidable food waste will thus result in lower total potential energy recovery from household food waste through anaerobic digestion CH4 potential than previously stated.
|
|
| 52. |
- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical effectiveness of care managers in collaborative care for patients with depression in Swedish primary health care: a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Bmc Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 19:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression is one of the leading causes of disability and affects 10-15% of the population. The majority of people with depressive symptoms seek care and are treated in primary care. Evidence internationally for high quality care supports collaborative care with a care manager. Our aim was to study clinical effectiveness of a care manager intervention in management of primary care patients with depression in Sweden. Methods: In a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial 23 primary care centers (PCCs), urban and rural, included patients aged >= 18 years with a new (< 1 month) depression diagnosis. Intervention consisted of Care management including continuous contact between care manager and patient, a structured management plan, and behavioral activation, altogether around 6-7 contacts over 12 weeks. Control condition was care as usual (CAU). Outcome measures: Depression symptoms (measured by Mongomery-Asberg depression score-self (MADRS-S) and BDI-II), quality of life (QoL) (EQ-5D), return to work and sick leave, service satisfaction, and antidepressant medication. Data were analyzed with the intention-to-treat principle. Results: One hundred ninety two patients with depression at PCCs with care managers were allocated to the intervention group, and 184 patients at control PCCs were allocated to the control group. Mean depression score measured by MADRS-S was 2.17 lower in the intervention vs. the control group (95% CI [0.56; 3.79], p = 0.009) at 3 months and 2.27 lower (95% CI [0.59; 3.95], p = 0.008) at 6 months; corresponding BDI-II scores were 1.96 lower (95% CI [-0.19; 4.11], p = 0.07) in the intervention vs. control group at 6 months. Remission was significantly higher in the intervention group at 6 months (61% vs. 47%, p = 0.006). QoL showed a steeper increase in the intervention group at 3 months (p = 0.01). During the first 3 months, return to work was significantly higher in the intervention vs. the control group. Patients in the intervention group were more consistently on antidepressant medication than patients in the control group. Conclusions: Care managers for depression treatment have positive effects on depression course, return to work, remission frequency, antidepressant frequency, and quality of life compared to usual care and is valued by the patients.
|
|
| 53. |
|
|
| 54. |
- Bonagas, Nadilly, et al.
(författare)
-
Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
- 2022
-
Ingår i: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
|
|
| 55. |
- Brusini, Irene, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in brain architecture are consistent with altered fear processing in domestic rabbits
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 115:28, s. 7380-7385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most characteristic feature of domestic animals is their change in behavior associated with selection for tameness. Here we show, using high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging in wild and domestic rabbits, that domestication reduced amygdala volume and enlarged medial prefrontal cortex volume, supporting that areas driving fear have lost volume while areas modulating negative affect have gained volume during domestication. In contrast to the localized gray matter alterations, white matter anisotropy was reduced in the corona radiata, corpus callosum, and the subcortical white matter. This suggests a compromised white matter structural integrity in projection and association fibers affecting both afferent and efferent neural flow, consistent with reduced neural processing. We propose that compared with their wild ancestors, domestic rabbits are less fearful and have an attenuated flight response because of these changes in brain architecture.
|
|
| 56. |
- Cejvan, Olivia, et al.
(författare)
-
The Writing Group : A Community of Practice and Collegiality
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Lifelong learning and Higher Education: New (and Old) Perspectives : Proceedings from the 2022 Lund University Conference on Teaching and Learning - Proceedings from the 2022 Lund University Conference on Teaching and Learning. - 9789172674851 - 9789172674844 ; , s. 109-118
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a seminar room at LUX, one of the buildings of the Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology, a group of PhD students and senior scholars are in deep concentration in front of their computers. It is pin-drop silent in the room until the alarm goes off and everyone starts moving and talking. This is the writing group, an informal and voluntary way of working together in time slots with 45 minutes of writing and a 15-minute break each hour. This collegial way of structuring the day and working together is gaining interest and the group is growing. This article describes the experiences of group participants and, with the aid of theoretical perspectives on collegiality and social learning, explains the benefits of this group for individual scholars as well as for their working environment.
|
|
| 57. |
- Cerenius, Lage, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
High sequence variability among hemocyte-specific Kazal-type proteinase inhibitors in decapod crustaceans
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Developmental and Comparative Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0145-305X .- 1879-0089. ; 34:1, s. 69-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crustacean hemocytes were found to produce a large number of transcripts coding for Kazal-type proteinase inhibitors (KPIs). A detailed study performed with the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus and the shrimp Penaeus monodon revealed the presence of at least 26 and 20 different Kazal domains from the hemocyte KPIs, respectively. Comparisons with KPIs from other taxa indicate that the sequences of these domains evolve rapidly. A few conserved positions, e.g. six invariant cysteines were present in all domain sequences whereas the position of P1 amino acid, a determinant for substrate specificity, varied highly. A study with a single crayfish animal suggested that even at the individual level considerable sequence variability among hemocyte KPIs produced exist. Expression analysis of four crayfish KPI transcripts in hematopoietic tissue cells and different hemocyte types suggest that some of these KPIs are likely to be involved in hematopoiesis or hemocyte release as they were produced in particular hemocyte types or maturation stages only.
|
|
| 58. |
- Cornacchia, Irene, et al.
(författare)
-
Strontium stratigraphy of the upper Miocene Lithothamnion Limestone in the Majella Mountain, central Italy, and its palaeoenvironmental implications
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Lethaia. - London : John Wiley & Sons. - 0024-1164 .- 1502-3931. ; 50:4, s. 561-575
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio has been widely used as aphysical tool to date and correlate carbonate successions due to the long Srresidence time in comparison with the ocean mixing time. If this method workson oceanic successions, marginal basins may show different Sr isotope recordsin comparison with the coeval ocean one due to sea-level variations,continental run-off and restricted water exchanges. In this work, we present the87Sr/86Sr isotope record of the upper Miocene carbonateramp of the Lithothamnion Limestone(Majella Mountain, central Apennines), as an example of the onset of restrictedwater exchanges between a marginal basin and the ocean water masses. The overalllatemost Tortonian–earlyMessinian Sr isotope record of the Lithothamnion Limestonefits below the global reference line. This deviation has been interpreted as dueto the strong control that freshwater input and enhanced continental run-off,linked to the migration of the Apennine accretionary wedge and foredeep system,have had on the central Adriatic water chemistry. These results imply that anaccurate oceanographic and geodynamic framework along with diagenetic overprintinvestigation has to be taken into consideration prior to apply SIS oncarbonate successions on marginal basins, even when facies analyses indicatefully marine conditions. This seems to be the case for the upper MioceneCentral Mediterranean carbonate successions, but may have more general validityand be extended to other recent or past marginal basins.
|
|
| 59. |
- de Las Heras Gala, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality control in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT): EFOMP-ESTRO-IAEA protocol
- 2017
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality control of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems is an essential part of quality assurance to periodically check that quality requirements are met, reduce uncertainties and errors and reduce the likelihood of accidents and incidents. Radiation exposure levels must be measured to ensure that patient doses associated with CBCT examinations are kept as low as reasonably achievable consistent with the required diagnostic information. The main purpose of this document is to present procedures for quality control of CBCT systems used for dental, radiotherapy, interventional radiology and guided surgery applications.
|
|
| 60. |
- de Las Heras Gala, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality control in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) EFOMP-ESTRO-IAEA protocol (summary report)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physica medica (Testo stampato). - : Elsevier BV. - 1120-1797 .- 1724-191X. ; 39, s. 67-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the guideline presented in this article is to unify the test parameters for image quality evaluation and radiation output in all types of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems. The applications of CBCT spread over dental and interventional radiology, guided surgery and radiotherapy. The chosen tests provide the means to objectively evaluate the performance and monitor the constancy of the imaging chain. Experience from all involved associations has been collected to achieve a consensus that is rigorous and helpful for the practice. The guideline recommends to assess image quality in terms of uniformity, geometrical precision, voxel density values (or Hounsfield units where available), noise, low contrast resolution and spatial resolution measurements. These tests usually require the use of a phantom and evaluation software. Radiation output can be determined with a kerma-area product meter attached to the tube case. Alternatively, a solid state dosimeter attached to the flat panel and a simple geometric relationship can be used to calculate the dose to the isocentre. Summary tables including action levels and recommended frequencies for each test, as well as relevant references, are provided. If the radiation output or image quality deviates from expected values, or exceeds documented action levels for a given system, a more in depth system analysis (using conventional tests) and corrective maintenance work may be required.
|
|
