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- Roslund, Mats
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Gäster i huset : kulturell överföring mellan slaver och skandinaver 900 till 1300
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scholarly texts on Slavic-Scandinavian relations have concentrated on two main areas of interest. During the Viking Age the economic and social contacts between the lake Mälaren district and Rus’ were extensive. However, at the beginning of the Middle Ages, political antagonism between the two expanding realms of the Svear and the Novgorodians is noticeable. In southern Scandinavia, the hostility between the Danes and the Wends in the 12th century has attracted more interest than the common political pattern in the previous centuries. This thesis claims that there is a need for a more comprehensive analysis of Slavic-Scandinavian contacts, to bridge the current artificial academic gap between Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, and also to investigate the simplified approaches to Slavic identity in the past. By means of archaeological and historical sources it is possible to explore contrasts and analogies and to discern common or disparate cultural patterns and their changes in space and time. The main issue of the thesis concerns the presence of foreign individuals in Scandinavia during the period of study, more precisely Slavic visitors and their relations to their Scandinavian hosts. Simple everyday pottery is studied as a way of finding evidence for the presence of Slavic foreigners in Scandinavia. The main topic of the thesis concerns the relationship between the so-called Baltic ware (Ostseeware, vendiskt svartgods) and the presence of Slavic people in the area corresponding to modern Sweden during the period 900-1300. The ceramic tradition in this area is clearly of Slavic origin, but why and in what ways was it transmitted to Scandinavian potters? What is the connection between Baltic ware and Slavic identity? Baltic ware has traditionally been regarded as a purely Slavic product, reaching Scandinavia through trade and free-moving artisans or as a result of co-operation between Slavic and Scandinavian potters. Several possibilities suggest themselves and the aim of the thesis is to capture the dynamics in the interaction, to distinguish regional differences between the two traditions and thereby minimise the number of possible interpretations. The thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 (The Power of the Past) presents the reasons for choosing the topic, the questions raised and theoretical perspectives used. Issues of cultural and ethnic identity, transformed into material culture through pottery style, are assessed in Chapter 2 (The Meeting). In the third chapter (Preparing the Gift) a comprehensive survey of Slavic pottery from c. 400-1300 is presented and linked to political and socio-economic interpretations. The fourth chapter (The Scandinavian Reception) offers an extensive survey of Baltic ware found in present-day Sweden. Chapter 5 (Slavic Guests in the Scandinavian House) combines the theoretical ideas and empirical data and presents a hypothetical interpretation of the Slavic presence in Scandinavia. Aspects of contrasts and analogies in Baltic ware and late Slavic vessel morphologies, the distribution of different types of ware and historical contexts form the background to the discussion. The empirical framework of the thesis is presented in the last chapter (The Material Basis). This chapter offers quantitative as well as mineralogical information. An extensive catalogue of vessels from sites used for the interpretation as well as quantitative data is available at the end of the thesis. Baltic ware can be said to be strongly connected to the Slavic presence on one level and unrelated to it on another level. As a primary inspiration, late Slavic pottery was a vital condition for Baltic ware to emerge. But the wide distribution of the new tradition was carried out by Scandinavian potters, working on a household basis. In this sense Slavs had a deep impact on Scandinavian culture for at least 250 years, but Slavic pottery cannot be used as evidence for a general Slavic presence.
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- Rydén, Thomas
(författare)
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Det anglosaxiska Köpenhamnsevangeliariet : Det kongelige bibliotek, Gl. Kongl. Saml. 10 2º
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The subject of this thesis is the Copenhagen Gospel Book , written and illuminated in England c 970 with additions from c 1020. The thesis is divided into three main parts focusing on different aspects of the manuscript. The first part deals with problems concerning provenance, palæography, later additions and the physical architecture of the manuscript. The author questions the opinion that the manuscript was preserved in Denmark during the middle ages, and proposes personal contacts with Cambridge during the 1560’s as a more probable way of acquisition. Liturgical additions reveal that the use of the manuscript was limited to major feasts in a monastic context. Two different variants of anglo-caroline minuscule script form the basis of a codicological analysis in which the division of work is discussed in order to establish the chronological relationship between the illuminations and the contributions of the two scribes. The second part concentrates on the illuminated decoration in order to establish an attribution through a thorough comparative stylistic analysis. The fifteen canon tables, two evangelist’s portraits and three initials are shown to be immediately connected to the benedictional of St Æthelwold and the Ramsey Psalter, and the author proposes that all the illuminations were executed in Winchester c 970-75 contemporaneously with the main portion of the text, whereas the additions are attributed to Canterbury c 1020. The third part is dedicated to Iconography, especially to the motif with the trumpet blowing evangelist symbols and the third man appearing from behind a curtain in the Matthew portrait, known otherwise only from the Lindisfarne Gospels illuminated c 698. The relationship between the Copenhagen Gospels and the Lindisfarne Gospels is examined and related to the supposed prototype, the Novem codices, executed in Vivarium in the mid 6th century under the direct supervision of Cassiodorus. The theme is compared to illustrations of the apocalypse and to a byzantine tradition associating the evangelists with inspiring figures. The author however proposes an immediate connection to the concept of reformatio, thereby identifying the third man as God seen face to face according to St Augustine’s interpretation of the epistles of St Paul as expressed in De videndo Deo and De Trinitate. The theme is also set against the context of the intellectual foundations of the monastic reform movements in England during the 7th and 10th centuries, and the unitarian thoughts of Cassiodorus in opposition to the arians.
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