| 1. |
- Abednazari, Hossein, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatocyte growth factor is a better indicator of therapeutic response than C-reactive protein within the first day of treatment in pneumonia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 52:5, s. 260-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute bacterial infectious diseases are mostly treated empirically at admission before the culture results are available. According to the risk for serious complications in the case of therapeutic failure, it is important to evaluate the therapy results and change to a more appropriate antibiotic regime as soon as possible. In the present study, 40 patients with X-ray-verified community-acquired pneumonia were examined and blood specimens were collected before and within 24 h of treatment. Body temperature, C-reactive protein (CRP) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were investigated. Thirty-two patients received an appropriate initial antibiotic therapy regarding clinical outcome, but in 8 patients the treatment was changed because of therapy failure. Changes of HGF levels after 18–24 h of treatment could predict the therapeutic results accurately in 38 of 40 cases (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%, positive likelihood ratio 16.0). HGF was significantly better to predict therapy outcome than CRP (p < 0.0001).
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| 2. |
- Azadeh, P., et al.
(författare)
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Cetuximab Plus Various Chemotherapy Regimens for Patients with KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 61:1, s. 51-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and hematologic toxicity of cetuximab combined with various types of chemotherapy regimens in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: The response rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival of the patients were analyzed. Results: In total, 45 patients were included in the study. The overall response rate for the combination of cetuximab and FOLFOX, FOLFIRI and CAPOX was 20, 46 and 30%, respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. The median PFS for the three groups were 8, 6 and 3.5 months, respectively, but again these differences were not significant. All-grade leukopenia and anemia for the cetuximab plus FOLFOX group were significantly higher than for the other chemotherapy regimens. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the combination of cetuximab and the three standard chemotherapy regimens resulted in the same outcomes in our patient population of mCRC, with higher hematologic toxicities among the FOLFOX subgroup.
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| 3. |
- Giglio, Daniel, 1977
(författare)
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A New Equation for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Cancer Patients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 60:1, s. 63-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The accuracy of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation in cancer patients was tested. An equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was created that was adapted to cancer patients. Methods: Data from 641 oncology patients referred for Cr-51-EDTA measurements were included. Factors that may affect GFR, i.e. gender, hypertension, diabetes, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), exposure to chemotherapy, age, weight, height, BMI, body surface area and creatinine value were correlated to Cr-51-EDTA-measured GFR. The significant factors were then included in a multiple regression analysis correlated to the measured GFR (mGFR). Results: The equation of logio (GFR; ml/min/1.73 m(2)) = 2.36-0.33*log(10) (age) - 0.78*log(10) (creatinine) + 0.87*log(10) (weight) - 0.03*NSAID*log(10) (creatinine) + gender (1 = female, 0 = male)*(0.05*NSAID - 0.003*BMI) was generated. Expressed as a mean (standard deviation) of mGFR <60 ml/ min/1.73 m(2), this equation, the 'New Equation', overestimated GFR by 26 (33)%, while CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI overestimated GFR by 26 (40)%, 32 (42)% and 48 (47)%, respectively. For mGFR ml/min/1.73 m(2), the New Equation underestimated GFR by only 3 (16)%, while CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI overestimated GFR by 12 (25)%, 10 (26)% and 5 (23)%, respectively. Conclusion: This study describes a novel equation with a higher accuracy than other commonly used GFR equations for estimating GFR in cancer patients. (C) 2014 S. Ka rger AG, Basel
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| 4. |
- Nyhlén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Bactericidal Effect of Combinations of Antibiotic and Antineoplastic Agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 48:2, s. 71-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The bactericidal effect of some antibiotic and antineoplastic agents commonly used in clinical practice was investigated to analyse whether the combinations act synergistically, have indifferent or antagonistic antibacterial effects compared to the effect of the antibiotics alone. Methods: The rate of killing of meropenem, ceftazidime and tobramycin was studied against six different strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the results were compared to the rate of killing of the antibiotics in combination with the cytostatic drugs doxorubicin, etoposide and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Results: Tobramycin showed synergy against two strains of S. aureus after 3 h in the presence of 5-FU and against one strain of S. aureus in the presence of doxorubicin. Meropenem induced an antagonistic bactericidal effect against one isolate of S. aureus after 24 h. Ceftazidime expressed an indifferent bactericidal effect together with the cytostatic agents. The antineoplastic agents had no impact on the bacterial killing of any of the antibiotics against E. coli. Conclusions: Tobramycin expressed a significantly better bactericidal effect against S. aureus after 3 h in the presence of doxorubicin and 5-FU than tobramycin alone. Meropenem expressed antagonism against one clinical strain of S. aureus, but the cytostatic drugs did not affect the killing of other strains tested. Ceftazidime expressed indifferent bactericidal activity together with the antineoplastic agents.
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| 5. |
- Odenholt, Inga, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacodynamic studies of vancomycin, metronidazole and fusidic acid against Clostridium difficile
- 2007
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 53:4, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pharmacodynamic studies of antibiotics have attracted great interest in recent years. However, studies on the pharmacodynamics of different antibiotics against Clostridium difficile are scarce. Methods: The postantibiotic effects (PAE) and the postantibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects (PA SME) of vancomycin, metronidazole and fusidic acid were investigated by viable counts against three different strains of C. difficile. The killing rate and extent of the three antibiotics against the same strains were also studied by adding 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 ! MIC of the three antibiotics, respectively. Results: Metronidazole exerted a very rapid bactericidal effect at concentrations of 8 ! MIC and above against all three strains investigated. Vancomycin gave overall less kill in comparison to metronidazole and was bacteriostatic against two of the three strains. Fusidic acid exerted a concentration-dependent killing against two of the strains. Vancomycin exerted short PAEs and PA SMEs against all three strains. Significantly longer PAEs and PA SMEs were noted for fusidic acid. Metronidazole gave similar short PAEs like vancomycin but longer PA SMEs were noted against two of the investigated strains. Conclusion: Metronidazole exerted the most prominent bactericidal effect greater than fusidic acid and greater than vancomycin. Fusidic acid gave overall the longest PAEs and PA SMEs greater than metronidazole and greater than vancomycin. Copyright (C) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 6. |
- Odenholt, Inga, et al.
(författare)
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Postantibiotic and sub-MIC effects of benzylpenicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae with different susceptibilities for penicillin
- 2003
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 49:6, s. 287-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of the study was to examine whether penicillin-susceptible and nonsusceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibited different pharmacodynamic responses to benzylpenicillin. Methods: The postantibiotic effects (PAEs) and the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA SMEs) were investigated by optical density against strains of S. pneumoniae with different susceptibilities to benzylpenicillin. To validate the data, the PAE and PA SME of one susceptible and one resistant strain were also tested with the viable count method. The post-MIC effects (PMEs) were studied in an in vitro kinetic model, simulating human pharmacokinetics with a half-life of 1 h and a time above MIC of approximately 20% of 24 h. Results: There were no differences with respect to the PAEs, PA SMEs and PMEs of benzylpenicillin for the various strains of S. pneumoniae, irrespective of their susceptibility to penicillin. For both some of the susceptible and resistant strains investigated, longer PA SMEs at 0.2 and 0.3 x MIC were noted, indicating that these parameters might be more dependent on the type of strain rather than on the susceptibility status. Conclusion: No differences in the pharmacodynamic response after similar drug exposure were seen for S. pneumoniae strains with different penicillin susceptibility. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 7. |
- Rosenthal, Mark A, et al.
(författare)
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Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Intravenous Hyaluronic Acid in Combination with Doxorubicin or 5-Fluorouracil
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 51:2-3, s. 132-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pre-clinically, hyaluronan (HA) has been demonstrated to systemically target chemotherapeutic drugs to tumours while ameliorating treatment toxicities. This study is a preliminary clinical investigation to determine if HA could be safely used in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin (DOX). METHODS: Thirty patients with metastatic cancer were intravenously administered 500 mg/m2 HA in combination with escalating doses of DOX (30-60 mg/m2) or 5-FU (cumulative dose of 1,350-2,250 mg/m2 per cycle). The effect of pre-administration of 20 mg/m2 of folinic acid on HA/5-FU chemotherapy was also investigated. Patients were randomized to receive either HA/chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in their first treatment cycle and vice versa for the second cycle. Patients received HA and chemotherapy in all subsequent cycles. RESULTS: Treatment was well tolerated, tumour responses were observed and the co-administration of HA did not alter the pharmacokinetics of clinically relevant doses of 5-FU or DOX. CONCLUSION: High doses of intravenous high-molecular-weight HA can be safely co-administered with clinical doses of chemotherapy without significantly altering the toxicity or pharmacokinetics of the drugs or HA.
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| 8. |
- Wallin, Åsa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Gene Expression Profile of Colon Cancer Cell Lines Treated with SN-38
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 56:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in the industrial countries. Due to advances regarding the treatments, primarily development of improved surgical methods and the ability to make the earlier diagnosis, the mortality has remained constant during the past decades even though the incidence in fact has increased. To improve chemotherapy and enable personalised treatment, the need of biomarkers is of great significance. In this study, we evaluated the gene expression profiles of the colon cancer cell lines treated with SN-38, the active metabolite of topoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Material and Methods: The study included 3 colon cancer cell lines: KM12C, KM12SM and KM12l4a. The 3 cell lines were treated with SN-38, and samples were obtained after 24 and 48 hour treatments. The gene expression analyses were performed using oligonucleotide microarrays comprising of similar to 27,000 spots where the untreated controls were compared to the SN-38-treated samples. Results: Unsupervised clustering clearly distinguished the treated cell lines from the untreated. Supervised analysis identified 3,974 significant genes (p = 0.05) differentiating the treated samples from the untreated, majority of which were down-regulated after treatment. The top-ranked down-regulated genes in the treated cell lines included those related to receptor and kinase activity, signal transduction, apoptosis, RNA processing, protein metabolism and transport, cell cycle and transcription. A smaller number of genes were up-regulated in the cell lines after treatment and included genes involved in apoptosis, transcription, development and differentiation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the expression of the genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as RNA, DNA and protein metabolism were affected by SN-38. The impact of certain genes on colorectal cancer development needs to be further evaluated; however, these results could serve as a basis for further studies in order to find targets for irinotecan treatment. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 9. |
- Widegren, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of FXYD3 Protein in Relation to Biological and Clinicopathological Variables in Colorectal Cancers
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 55:6, s. 407-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: FXYD3 is up-/down-regulated in different types of cancers. We examined FXYD3 expression in colorectal cancers and its relationship to biological and clinicopathological variables. Patients and Methods: Expression of FXYD3 protein was immunohistochemically examined in distant normal mucosa (n = 34), adjacent normal mucosa (n = 72), primary tumour (n = 150) and lymph node metastasis (n = 35) from colorectal cancer patients. Results: FXYD3 was highly expressed in primary tumour compared to adjacent normal mucosa (p = 0.02). FXYD3 was or tended to be positively related to the expression of ras (p = 0.02), p53 (p = 0.06), legumain (p = 0.02) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (p = 0.03). Moreover, there was a higher frequency of strong FXYD3 expression in Dukes A-C tumours than in D tumours (p = 0.04). The strong FXYD3 expression tended to predict worse survival in the patients with Dukes A + B tumour (p = 0.07), while there was no such tendency in the patients with Dukes C + D tumour (p = 0.94). The tumours located in the colon had a higher degree of FXYD3 expression than the tumours located in the rectum (p = 0.05). Conclusion: The FXYD3 was associated with certain biological variables and may be involved in the development of the relative earlier stages of colorectal cancers.
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| 10. |
- Yan, Bao-Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Overexpression of MAC30 in the Cytoplasm of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Predicts Nodal Metastasis and Poor Differentiation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S, Karger AG, Basel. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 56:6, s. 424-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Expression of the meningioma-associated protein (MAC30) was increased in several types of tumors, including esophageal, gastric and colon tumors, compared to normal tissue. MAC30 expression levels gradually increased from normal colorectal mucosa to primary colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer spreading to the lymph nodes. MAC30 expression was related to survival in patients with colorectal cancer. However, there is no study on MAC30 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Therefore, MAC30 expression in OSCC was investigated and possible associations of MAC30 expression with clinicopathological variables in OSCC have been analyzed. MAC30 expression was immunohistochemically examined in 20 normal oral mucosa and 43 OSCC specimens. Results: Expression levels of MAC30 in the cytoplasm markedly increased from normal oral epithelial cells to primary OSCC. Strong cytoplasmic staining was significantly higher in primary OSCC compared to normal oral mucosa samples (51 vs. 20%, p = 0.019). Furthermore, MAC30 expression levels in primary tumors of patients with lymph node metastasis exceeded levels in those without metastasis (65 vs. 35%, p = 0.048), and MAC30 expression in poorly differentiated tumors was higher than in well-differentiated ones (90 vs. 39%, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Overexpression of MAC30 in the cytoplasm of OSCC may predict nodal metastasis and poor differentiation.
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