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| 2. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Geographic variation in the field response of male European pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer , to different pheromone stereoisomers and esters
- 2000
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 95:3, s. 229-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), is a widespread and economically important forest insect. The sex pheromone communication system of this species has been previously investigated in North America, Japan and Europe, with the acetate or propionate of the alcohol (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) shown to be the main pheromone component. In some locations, male attraction either increased or decreased by the addition of the (2S,3R,7R)-diprionyl acetate isomer. However, these studies were made with different batches of synthetic pheromones, with different types of traps and according to different procedures, so the observed differences might not reflect true geographic variation. Here we investigate the geographic pattern of male sawfly response by using identical chemicals, traps and experimental procedures at eight field sites ranging from Japan in the east to Canada in the west. We found an increased inhibitory effect of the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer from Japan and Siberia to Europe. At the eastern sites, increasing amounts of the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer up to and equal to the amount of the (2S,3S,7S )-isomer, did not influence the trap catch, whereas at sites in Europe, as little as 1% of the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer almost completely inhibited the attraction. The response of the North American population was intermediate. The only site in which the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer was essential for the attraction of males was in Siberia. A similar pattern was found for the (2S,3R,7S)-isomer. Both the acetate and the propionate form of the (2S,3S,7S)-isomer were attractive by themselves in Japan, Europe and North America, and neither the (2S,3R,7S)-isomer nor the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone were attractive, in the acetate or propionate form. We discuss the significance of our findings for the development of more efficient monitoring schemes and for the causes of population divergence and speciation in the European pine sawfly.
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| 4. |
- Olsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Attraction and oviposition of Ephestia kuehniella induced by volatiles identified from chocolate products
- 2006
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 119:2, s. 137-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Host-plant volatiles or other volatiles that attract moths, especially females, could be useful as trap baits or as a complement to pheromones in pest management. Three chocolate products, which had previously been found to be attractive to other pyralid moths, were screened by combined gas chromatography-electrophysiology for compounds that could be used for trapping of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) moths. Nine compounds were identified as electrophysiologically active using the antennae of both sexes of E. kuehniella. Three of them, namely, benzyl alcohol, nonanal, and phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), showed a clear dose-dependent electroantennogram (EAG) response on both female and male antennae. In addition, vanillin and ethyl vanillin were electrophysiologically active on male antennae. A blend of benzyl alcohol, nonanal, and PAA was found to trap males in a small-scale tent experiment. Females were not trapped, but oviposition was induced by each of the three volatiles individually. The results indicate that the volatiles show potential to be used in monitoring of E. kuehniella.
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| 6. |
- Sieminska, Edyta, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term pheromone-mediated mating disruption of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, in a flourmill
- 2009
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 131:3, s. 294-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have indicated that mating disruption (MD) successfully reduces population densities of stored product moths, for example, the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). However, practical issues, such as finding control plots, replication, and lack of similarity between replicates, often incur problems in full-scale investigations and often draw focus from the added results. We here present results from long-term monitoring of E. kuehniella populations in two similar flourmills in Poland, one treated with pheromone for MD and one left untreated and used as control. Pheromone-mediated MD was applied during 2 years. Thirty pheromone dispensers (one per 100 m(3) factory volume), each releasing about 2 mg (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate per day, were used. Pheromone-baited traps were used to monitor the moth populations in the MD mill and in a nearby untreated mill. The reduction in trap catch during the MD treatment was about 90% or more, compared with the untreated mill or pre-treatment periods of the MD mill. The reduction was larger during the 2nd year of MD than during the 1st year. These results contribute to the picture that MD is an effective method to control moth species infesting stored products.
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Glenn, et al.
(författare)
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Disruption of the odour-mediated mating behaviour of Plodia interpunctella using high-frequency sound
- 2003
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 106:3, s. 187-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella Hubner ( Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), have ears which are sensitive to high-frequency calls produced by echolocating, insectivorous bats. The influence of artificially generated, high-intensity, ultrasound signals (25 kHz, 106 dB SPL at 1 m distance) on different parameters involved in the odour-mediated mating behaviour of this species and its potential use in population control was investigated. All moths flying towards olfactory cues in flight tunnel experiments reacted strongly to a 1 s ultrasound pulse by cessation of flight and falling out of the odour plume. The source contact proportion of both male moths orienting towards the female-produced sex pheromone and of mated female moths orienting towards an oviposition cue was reduced by 40%, compared to unexposed moths. Calling females responded to the sound by retraction of the ovipositor or by falling to the ground. Long-term exposure to repetitive pulses of ultrasound suppressed female calling by up to 27%. Furthermore, mating in plastic tents was disrupted by up to 58% in ultrasound-treated tents using different sound regimens, compared to control tents. The results are discussed in relation to the potential use of ultrasound technology for the population control of pyralid stored product pests.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Glenn, et al.
(författare)
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Enantiomeric conservation of the male-produced sex pheromone facilitates monitoring of threatened European hermit beetles (Osmoderma spp.)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 133:3, s. 276-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hermit beetles of the genus Osmoderma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) are known for their fruity odour, which is released in large amounts by males. Two species of the genus occur in Europe, the eastern Osmoderma barnabita (Motschulsky) and the western Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli). Previous studies on Swedish populations of O. eremita showed that the compound responsible for the characteristic scent, gamma-decalactone, functions as a sex pheromone for the attraction of conspecific females. Male O. eremita only release the (R)-enantiomer of the lactone, and both sexes are anosmic to the opposite enantiomer. As the distribution areas of the two hermit beetle species partly overlap, it may be expected that they use different enantiomeric compositions of gamma-decalactone as pheromones to promote species discrimination. This paper reports on the identification of the sex pheromone of O. barnabita. Surprisingly, males from a Polish population produce only the (R)-enantiomer of gamma-decalactone, and conspecific females show equal attraction to the (R)-enantiomer and a racemic mixture of the compound, indicating that O. barnabita is anosmic to the (S)-enantiomer, similarly to what was observed for O. eremita. A mtDNA sequence analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of Polish and Swedish beetles confirmed their taxonomical status as O. barnabita and O. eremita, respectively, with an average sequence divergence of 10.5% between beetles from the two studied areas. Although genetic data suggest that these species diverged several million years ago, they still rely on the same enantiomer of gamma-decalactone for mate finding. Thus, the male-produced pheromone in Osmoderma spp. may be regarded as a territorial signal being exploited by females, rather than a cue for determining species identity. Our data show that the same compound can be used to facilitate monitoring of both beetle species, which are considered indicator species of the species-rich fauna of saproxylic insects in Europe.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Glenn, et al.
(författare)
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Mating disruption in Agrotis segetum monitored by harmonic radar
- 2001
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 101:2, s. 111-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-range, pheromone-mediated, flight behaviour of male moths under natural and mating disruption conditions was monitored by means of harmonic radar. Individual male turnip moths, Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), tagged with radar transponders, were released and tracked in plots with or without disruptive doses of sex pheromone. In addition, male attraction to pheromone-baited traps and mating of calling females in treated and untreated plots was investigated. High doses of a four-component pheromone blend reduced trap catch by 79% and mating of females by 62% when compared with control plots in pre-radar experiments. Surprisingly, this effect was not associated with any pronounced differences in flight behaviour of males between a treatment and a control plot as revealed by harmonic radar recordings. In total, 20 flight tracks from a control plot and 22 flight tracks from a treatment plot were analysed. Moths could be followed for up to 77 min, corresponding to a track length of 7350 m. Mean ground speed ranged from 0.7 m s1 to 5.4 m s1. There was a strong trend (P = 0.06) for a greater number of male orientations to traps from downwind in the control field compared to the treatment field. Many flight tracks were fragmented due to radar shadow. Advantages and constraints using harmonic radar to study the pheromone-mediated flight behaviour of nocturnal moths are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Tasin, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of anti-hail nets on Cydia pomonella behavior in apple orchards
- 2008
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 129:1, s. 32-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last 10 years, the use of nets to protect pome fruit from hailstorms has increased. In this study, we investigated the effect of these nets on the behavior of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major pest of apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae). Experiments were carried out in net-covered and uncovered apple orchards treated with conventional insecticides. The number of codling moth males caught in pheromone- and virgin female-baited traps was significantly reduced in net-covered compared to uncovered plots. In addition, inhibition of mating by the net was demonstrated by significant reductions in mating of tethered virgin females. Fruit injury was consistently lower in net-covered plots vs. uncovered plots. Because of the reductions in male trap catch, the reduced female mating frequency, and the lower level of damage, we conclude that flat anti-hail nets have a disruptive effect on the reproductive behavior of the codling moth.
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