| 1. |
- Andersén, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthened General Self-Efficacy with Multidisciplinary Vocational Rehabilitation in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave : A Randomised Controlled Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 28:4, s. 691-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate the effects of two vocational rehabilitation interventions on self-efficacy, for women on long-term sick leave ≥ 1 year due to chronic pain and/or mental illness. Methods This study uses data from a randomised controlled trial consisting of two phases and comprising 401 women on long-term sick leave. They were allocated to either (1) a multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention (TEAM), (2) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or (3) control group. Data were collected through repeated measurements from self-reported questionnaires before intervention, 6 and 12 months later and registry data. Data from measurements of general self-efficacy, sociodemographics, anxiety and depression were analysed with linear regression analyses. Results During the intervention period, the women in the TEAM group’s self-efficacy mean increased from 2.29 to 2.74. The adjusted linear regression model, which included group allocation, sociodemographics, self-efficacy pre-treatment, anxiety and depression showed increased self-efficacy for those in the TEAM intervention at 12 months (B = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.41). ACT intervention had no effect on self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.02, 95% CI − 0.16 to 0.19). The results in the adjusted model also showed that higher self-efficacy at pre-treatment was associated with a higher level of self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.81). Conclusion A multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention increased self-efficacy in women on sick leave for an extremely long time (mean 7.8 years) who had a low mean level of self-efficacy prior to inclusion. Thus, self-efficacy needs to be addressed in vocational rehabilitation.
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| 2. |
- Nasiopoulou, Panagiota, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for Children’s Language and Literacy Learning in Swedish Preschools: Exploring Quality Variations with ECERS-3
- 2023
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Ingår i: Early Childhood Education Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1082-3301 .- 1573-1707. ; 51:7, s. 1305-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to explore the conditions for children?s language and literacy learning in 153 Swedish preschools with children one to five years. The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS-3) is used to evaluate preschool quality, focusing on the subscale of Language and literacy activities. The study draws on Bronfenbrenner?s ecological systems theory to highlight the conditions for children?slanguage and literacy learning in preschool. Significant differences were found in the quality of the 153 preschools as a whole and the five subscales in ECERS-3, giving children unequal conditions for learning and development in the studied areas. Within the Language and literacy subscale, items related to children?s oral language development scored a higher average quality compared with written language-relateditems. Individualized teaching, Staff?child interaction ,and Whole-group activities were moderately correlated with activities supporting language development. The results are discussed in terms of an ecological perspective on preschool quality in which intentional teaching needs to be directed at language and literacy learning in both individual, small, and whole-group interactions.
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| 3. |
- Norlin, Nils, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescence spectroscopic properties analysed within the extended Förster theory with application to Biomacromolecular systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluorescence. - : Springer. - 1053-0509 .- 1573-4994. ; 19:5, s. 837-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extended Förster theory (EFT) of electronic energy transport accounts for translational and rotational dynamics, which are neglected by the classical Förster theory (FT). EFT has been developed for electronic energy transfer within donor-acceptor pairs [Isaksson, et al, Phys. 16 Chem. Chem. Phys., 9, 1941(2007)] and donor-donor pairs [Johansson, et al, J. Chem. Phys., 105, 10896 (1996); Norlin, et al, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 6962(2008)]. For donors that exhibit different or identical non-exponential fluorescence relaxation within a donor-donor pair, the process of reverberating energy migration is reversible to a higher or lower degree. Here the impact of the EFT has been studied with respect to its influence on fluorescence quantum yields, fluorescence lifetimes as well as depolarisation experiments. The FT predicts relative fluorescence quantum yields which usually agree with the EFT within experimental accuracy, however, substantial deviations occurs in the steady-state and in particular the time-resolved depolarisation data.
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| 4. |
- Chorell, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma metabolomic response to postmenopausal weight loss induced by different diets
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Menopause is associated with increased abdominal fat and increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objectives The present study evaluated the plasma metabolic response in relation to insulin sensitivity after weight loss via diet intervention. Methods This work includes two studies; i) Ten women on a 5 weeks Paleolithic-type diet (PD, 30 energy percent (E%) protein, 40 E% fat, 30 E% carbohydrates), ii) 55 women on 6 months of either PD or Nordic Nutrition Recommendations diet (NNR, 15 E% protein, 30 E% fat, and 55 E% carbohydrates). Plasma metabolic profiles were acquired at baseline and post diet using gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry and investigated in relation to insulin sensitivity using multivariate bioinformatics. Results Both the PD and NNR diet resulted in significant weight loss, reduced waist circumference, improved serum lipid profiles, and improved insulin sensitivity. We detected a baseline metabolic profile that correlated significantly with insulin sensitivity, and of which components increased significantly in the PD group compared to NNR. Specifically, a significant increase in myo-inositol (MI), a second messenger of insulin action, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-HB)increased while dihomogamma-linoleic acid (DGLA) decreased in PD compared to NNR, which correlated with improved insulin sensitivity. We also detected a significant decrease in tyrosine and tryptophan, potential markers of insulin resistance when elevated in the circulation, with the PD but not the NNR. Conclusions Using metabolomics, we detected changes in the plasma metabolite profiles associated with weight loss in postmenopausal women by different diets. The metabolic profiles following 6 months of PD were linked to beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity compared to NNR.
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| 5. |
- Dugas, Lara R., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity-related metabolite profiles of black women spanning the epidemiologic transition
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In developed countries, specific metabolites have been associated with obesity and metabolic diseases, e.g. type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether a similar profile persists across populations of African-origin, at increased risk for obesity and related diseases. In a cross-sectional study of normal-weight and obese black women (33.3 +/- 6.3 years) from the US (N = 69, 65 % obese), South Africa (SA, N = 97, 49 % obese) and Ghana (N = 82, 33 % obese) serum metabolite profiles were characterized via gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry. In US and SA women, BMI correlated with branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, as well as dopamine and aminoadipic acid. The relationship between BMI and lipid metabolites differed by site; BMI correlated positively with palmitoleic acid (16: 1) in the US; negatively with stearic acid (18: 0) in SA, and positively with arachidonic acid (20: 4) in Ghana. BMI was also positively associated with sugar-related metabolites in the US; i.e. uric acid, and mannitol, and with glucosamine, glucoronic acid and mannitol in SA. While we identified a common amino acid metabolite profile associated with obesity in black women from the US and SA, we also found site-specific obesity-related metabolites suggesting that the local environment is a key moderator of obesity.
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| 6. |
- Asadzadeh, Mohammad, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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A posteriori error estimates for a coupled wave system with a local damping
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Sciences (JMS). - 1072-3374 .- 1573-8795. ; 174:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study a finite element method applied to a system of coupled wave equations in a bounded smooth domain in Rd, d = 1, 2, 3, associated with a locally distributed damping function. We start with a spatially continuous finite element formulation allowing jump discontinuities in time. This approach yields, L2(L2) and L∞(L2), a posteriori error estimates in terms of weighted residuals of the system. The proof of the a posteriori error estimates is based on the strong stability estimates for the corresponding adjoint equations. Optimal convergence rates are derived upon the maximal available regularity of the exact solution and justified through numerical examples.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Asadzadeh, Mohammad, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Convergence of Finite Volume Scheme for a Three-Dimensional Poisson Equation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Sciences. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1072-3374 .- 1573-8795. ; 202:2, s. 130-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We construct and analyze a finite volume scheme for numerical solution of a three-dimensional Poisson equation. We derive optimal convergence rates in the discrete H1 norm and sub-optimal convergence in the maximum norm, where we use the maximal available regularity of the exact solution and minimal smoothness requirement on the source term. The theoretical results are justified through implementing some canonical examples in 3D.
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| 9. |
- Enghag, Margareta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Talking physics during small-group work with context rich problems : analysed from an ownership perspective
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - New York : Springer. - 1571-0068 .- 1573-1774. ; 7:3, s. 455-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides analyses of the conversations when university students work in small groups solving context-rich physics problems. We constructed context-rich, open-ended physics problems related to everyday life situations that lack some information required to solve and complete the tasks. The students' ownership of learning, their actions of choice and control, was analyzed in two dimensions: group and individual. Conversation analyses and flowcharts of the conversation were constructed from the complete transcripts of three groups. The theoretical framework for student ownership of learning demonstrated that it was possible to show that even if students have group ownership of the task, the individual student ownership of learning is not self-evident. The study also demonstrates the methodological power and value of the flowchart to identify conversation patterns in the groups that were effective in the search for exploratory talks and individual questions. We discuss implications for teacher development to enhance group work
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| 10. |
- Enghag, Margareta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Using a disciplinary discourse lens to explore how representations afford meaning making in a typical wave physics course
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - Berlin : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1571-0068 .- 1573-1774. ; 11:3, s. 625-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carried out a case study in a wave physics course at a Swedish university in order to investigate the relations between the representations used in the lessons and the experience of meaning making in interview–discussions. The grounding of these interview–discussions also included obtaining a rich description of the lesson environment in terms of the communicative approaches used and the students’ preferences for modes of representations that best enable meaning making. The background for this grounding was the first two lessons of a 5-week course on wave physics (70 students). The data collection for both the grounding and the principal research questions consisted of video recordings from the first two lessons: a student questionnaire of student preferences for representations (given before and after the course) and video-recorded interview–discussions with students (seven pairs and one on their own). The results characterize the use of communicative approaches, what modes of representation were used in the lectures, and the trend in what representations students’ preferred for meaning making, all in order to illustrate how students engage with these representations with respect to their experienced meaning making. Interesting aspects that emerged from the study are discussed in terms of how representations do not, in themselves, necessarily enable a range of meaning making; that meaning making from representations is critically related to how the representations get situated in the learning environment; and how constellations of modes of disciplinary discourse may be necessary but not always sufficient. Finally, pedagogical comments and further research possibilities are presented.
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