| 1. |
- Nilsson, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Use of dynamic step response for control of fed-batch conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolyzates to ethanol
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 1873-4863 .- 0168-1656. ; 89:1, s. 41-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimization of fed-batch conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolyzates by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. The feed rate was controlled using a step response strategy, in which the carbon dioxide evolution rate was used as input variable. The performance of the control strategy was examined using both an untreated and a detoxified dilute acid hydrolyzate, and the performance was compared to that obtained with a synthetic medium. In batch cultivation of the untreated hydrolyzate, only 23% of the hexose sugars were assimilated. However, by using the feed-back controlled fed-batch technique, it was possible to obtain complete conversion of the hexose sugars. Furthermore, the maximal specific ethanol productivity (q(t.max)) increased more than 10-fold, from 0.06 to 0.70 g g(-1) h(-1). In addition, the viability of the yeast cells decreased by more than 99% in batch cultivation, whereas a viability of more than 40% could be maintained during fed-batch cultivation. In contrast to untreated hydrolyzate, it was possible to convert the sugars in the detoxified hydrolyzate also in batch cultivation. However, a 50% higher specific ethanol productivity was obtained using fed-batch cultivation. During batch cultivation of both untreated and detoxified hydrolyzate a gradual decrease in specific ethanol productivity was observed. This decrease could largely be avoided in fed-batch cultivations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Bachinger, T., et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring cellular state transitions in a production-scale CHO-cell process using an electronic nose
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 76:1, s. 61-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An electronic nose is used to monitor the bioreactor off-gas composition in perfused cultivations of a CHO-cell line producing recombinant human blood coagulation factor VIII. The applicability of the electronic nose for monitoring cellular state transitions and process control is explained. It is shown that the instrument can reveal characteristic process states related to product and lactate formation, and detect microbial infections in a very early stage of the infection. The visualization of ideal process conditions is realized by using principal component analysis (PCA) and the on-line applicability of this method is outlined. The results illustrate the potential of the electronic nose as on-line sensor for ensuring product and process quality in production-scale bioprocesses. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.An electronic nose is used to monitor the bioreactor off-gas composition in perfused cultivations of a CHO-cell line producing recombinant human blood coagulation factor VIII. The applicability of the electronic nose for monitoring cellular state transitions and process control is explained. It is shown that the instrument can reveal characteristic process states related to product and lactate formation, and detect microbial infections in a very early stage of the infection. The visualization of ideal process conditions is realized by using principal component analysis (PCA) and the on-line applicability of this method is outlined. The results illustrate the potential of the electronic nose as on-line sensor for ensuring product and process quality in production-scale bioprocesses.
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| 3. |
- Bandmann, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional selection of phage displayed peptides for facilitated design of fusion tags improving aqueous two-phase partitioning of recombinant proteins
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 93:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqueous two-phase systems allow for the unequal distribution of proteins and other molecules in water-rich solutions containing phase separating polymers or surfactants. One approach to improve the partitioning properties of recombinant proteins is to produce the proteins as fused to certain peptide tags. However, the rational design of such tags has proven difficult since it involves a compromise between multivariate parameters such as partitioning properties, solvent accessibility and production/secretion efficiency. In this work, a novel approach for the identification of suitable peptide tag extensions has been investigated, Using the principles of selection, rather than design, peptide sequences contributing to an improved partitioning have been identified using phage display technology. A 40 million member phagemid library of random nona-peptides, displayed as fusion to the major coat protein pVIII of the filamentous phage M 13, was employed in the selection of top-phase partitioning phage particles in a PEG/sodium phosphate system. After multiple cycles of selection by partitioning, peptides with high frequencies of both tyrosine and proline residues were found to be over represented in selected clones. The identified peptide sequences, or derivatives thereof, were subsequently individually analyzed for their partitioning behavior as displayed on phage, as free synthetic peptides and as genetically fused to a recombinant model target protein. The results showed that novel peptide sequences capable of enhancing top-phase partitioning without interfering with protein production and secretion indeed could be identified for the aqueous two-phase system investigated.
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| 4. |
- Bandmann, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic engineering of the Fusarium solani pisi lipase cutinase for enhanced partitioning in PEG-phosphate aqueous two-phase systems
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 79:2, s. 161-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fusarium solani pisi lipase cutinase has been genetically engineered to investigate the influence of C-terminal peptide extensions on the partitioning of the enzyme in PEG-salt based aqueous two-phase bioseparation systems. Seven different cutinase lipase variants were constructed containing various C-terminal peptide extensions including tryptophan rich peptide tags ((WP)(2) and (WP)(4)), positively ((RP)(4)) and negatively ((DP)(4)) charged tags as well as combined tags with tryptophan together with either positively ((WPR)(4)) or negatively ((WPD)(4)) charged amino acids. The modified cutinase variants were stably produced in Escherichia coli as secreted to the periplasm from which they were efficiently purified by IgG-affinity chromatography employing an introduced N-terminal IgG-binding ZZ affinity fusion partner present in all variants. Partitioning experiments performed in a PEG 4000/sodium phosphate aqueous two-phase system showed that for variants containing either (WP)(2) or (WP)(4) peptide extensions, 10- to 70-fold increases in the partitioning to the PEG rich top-phase were obtained, when compared to the wild type enzyme. An increased partitioning was also seen for cutinase variants tagged with both tryptophans and charged amino acids, whereas the effect of solely charged peptide extensions was relatively small. In addition, when performing partitioning experiments from cell disintegrates, the (WP)(4)-tagged cutinase showed a similarly high PEG-phase partitioning, indicating that the effect from the peptide tag was unaffected by the background of the host proteins. Taken together, the results show that the partitioning of the recombinantly produced cutinase model enzyme could be significantly improved by relatively minor genetic engineering and that the effects observed for purified proteins are retained also in an authentic whole cell disintegrate system. The results presented should be of general interest also for the improvement of the partitioning properties of other industrially interesting proteins including bulk enzymes.
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| 5. |
- Christakopoulos, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Purification and characterization of two low molecular mass alkaline xylanases from Fusarium oxysporum F3
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 51:2, s. 181-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two low molecular mass endo-1,4-β-d-xylanases from Fusarium oxysporum were purified to homogeneity by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. They exhibit molecular masses of 20.8 (xylanase I) and 23.5 (xylanase II) kDa, and isoelectric points of 9.5 and 8.45–8.70, respectively. Both xylanases display remarkable pH (9.0) stability. At 40 to 55 °C xylanase II is more thermostable than xylanase I but less active on xylan. In contrast to xylanase I, xylanase II is able to hydrolyze 1-O-4-methylumbelliferyl-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-β-d-xylopyranoside (muxg). Neither of these enzymes hydrolyze xylotriose. They bind on crystalline cellulose but not on insoluble xylan. Analysis of reaction mixtures by high pressure liquid chromatography revealed that both enzymes cleave preferentially the internal glycosidic bonds of xylopentaose and oat spelts xylan. Thus the purified enzymes appeared to be true endo-β-1,4-xylanases. The amino terminal sequences of xylanases I and II show no homology. Xylanase I shows high similarity with alkaline low molecular mass xylanases of family G/11.
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| 6. |
- Christakopoulos, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Purification and mode of action of a low molecular mass endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase from Fusarium oxysporum
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 39:1, s. 85-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low molecular mass (23.2 kDa) endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase from Fusarium oxysporum was purified to homogeneity by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.0 and at 50 ° C. It had a pI value of 8.6 and was stable at 55 ° C for 1 h. It hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulose, cello-oligosaccharides (Glcn) and 4-methylumbelliferylcello-oligosaccharides but did not hydrolyze cellobiose, p-nitrophenyl β-o-glucoside, p-nitrophenyl β-d-xyloside, Avicel, filter paper and xylan. Analysis of reaction mixtures by high pressure liquid chromatography revealed that this enzyme cleaved preferentially the internal glycoside bonds of higher cello-oligosaccharides. The enzyme also catalyzed the formation of transfer products in the presence of cellotriose, cellotetraose and 4-methylumbelliferylglucoside (MeUmbGlc).
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| 7. |
- Christov, L, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of purified endo-β-1,4-xylanases of family 10 and 11 and acetyl xylan esterases on eucalypt sulfite dissolving pulp
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 83:3, s. 231-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfite dissolving pulp from Eucalyptus grandis contained approximately 3.8% O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan with a molar ratio of xylose:4-O-methylglucuronic acid:acetyl group close to 13.6:1:6.2. The effects produced by purified endo-xylanases from two different glycosyl hydrolase families (family 10 and 11) as well as acetyl xylan esterases were examined and assessed on pulp in relation to their bleaching abilities. The purified endo-xylanases hydrolyzed only a limited portion (less than 30%) of the acetylglucuronoxylan present in the pulp. The enzymes of family 10 produced acetylated xylobiose and xylotriose whereas acetylated xylobiose was not observed among the products released from the pulp by the family 11 xylanases. The esterases however were not capable of deacetylating the acetylated aldouronic acids generated by the xylanases. Regardless of the different mode of action of the endo-xylanases on dissolving pulp, their effect on pulp bleaching was not related to the amount and nature of sugars generated or the glycosyl hydrolase family. No additional brightness gain was obtained when endo-xylanases were used in conjunction with acetyl xylan esterases, suggesting that the latter do not play an important role in biobleaching of eucalypt sulfite dissolving pulps. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. Sulfite dissolving pulp from Eucalyptus grandis contained approximately 3.8% O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan with a molar ratio of xylose:4-O-methylglucuronic acid:acetyl group close to 13.6:1:6.2. The effects produced by purified endo-xylanases from two different glycosyl hydrolase families (family 10 and 11) as well as acetyl xylan esterases were examined and assessed on pulp in relation to their bleaching abilities. The purified endo-xylanases hydrolyzed only a limited portion (less than 30%) of the acetylglucuronoxylan present in the pulp. The enzymes of family 10 produced acetylated xylobiose and xylotriose whereas acetylated xylobiose was not observed among the products released from the pulp by the family 11 xylanases. The esterases however were not capable of deacetylating the acetylated aldouronic acids generated by the xylanases. Regardless of the different mode of action of the endo-xylanases on dissolving pulp, their effect on pulp bleaching was not related to the amount and nature of sugars generated or the glycosyl hydrolase family. No additional brightness gain was obtained when endo-xylanases were used in conjunction with acetyl xylan esterases, suggesting that the latter do not play an important role in biobleaching of eucalypt sulfite dissolving pulps.
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| 8. |
- Cimander, C., et al.
(författare)
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Integration of distributed multi-analyzer monitoring and control in bioprocessing based on a real-time expert system
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 103:3, s. 237-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A computer system solution for integration of a distributed bioreactor monitoring and control instrumentation on the laboratory scale is described. Bioreactors equipped with on-line analyzers for mass spectrometry, near-infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical probes and multi-array gas sensors and their respective software were networked through a real-time expert systems platform. The system allowed data transmission of more than 1800 different signals from the instrumentation, including signals from gas sensors, electrodes, spectrometer detectors, balances, flowmeters, etc., and were used for processing and carrying out a number of computational tasks such as partial least-square regression, principal component analysis, artificial neural network modelling, heuristic decision-making and adaptive control. The system was demonstrated on different cultivations/fermentations which illustrated sensor fusion control, multivariate statistical process monitoring, adaptive glucose control and adaptive multivariate control. The performance of these examples showed high operational stability and reliable function and meet typical requirements for production safety and quality. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Cimander, C., et al.
(författare)
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Sensor fusion for on-line monitoring of yoghurt fermentation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 99:3, s. 237-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurement data from an electronic nose (EN), a near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS) and standard bioreactor probes were used to follow the course of lab-scale yoghurt fermentation. The sensor signals were fused using a cascade neural network: a primary network predicted quantitative process variables, including lactose, galactose and lactate, a secondary network predicted a qualitative process state variable describing critical process phases, such as the onset of coagulation or the harvest time. Although the accuracy of the neural network prediction was acceptable and comparable with the off-line reference assay, its stability and performance were significantly improved by correction of faulty data. The results demonstrate that on-line sensor fusion with the chosen analyzers improves monitoring and quality control of yoghurt fermentation with implications to other fermentation processes. ⌐ 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Doverskog, M., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells by a selective H-1/N-15 NMR in vitro assay
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 79:1, s. 87-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the second of two papers [Drews, M., Doverskog, M., Qhman, L., Chapman, B.E., Jacobsson, U., Kuchel, P.W., Haggstrom, L., 2000. Pathways of glutamine metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells: evidence for the presence of the nitrogen assimilation system, and a metabolic switch by H-1/N-15 NMR. J. Biotechnol. 78, 23-37]. where the general goal has been to determine and characterise the glutamine metabolism in Sf9 cells. The presence of glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity was investigated in cell-free extracts of S. frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells by modified H-1/N-15 spin-echo and gradient enhanced multiple quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy techniques. Cell-free extracts were prepared from cells cultured in a serum-free medium. The assay conditions were based on conventional spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. NMR data showed that nitrogen from [5-N-15] glutamine was selectively incorporated into 2-oxoglutarate forming [2-N-15] glutamate with a specific activity of 4.15 +/- 0.21 nmol [2-N-15] glutamate min (-1) (mg total protein)(-1) in the cell-free extracts. The enzyme activity was exclusively dependent on NADH as coenzyme and was completely inhibited by 1 mM azaserine. From the results obtained, we conclude that Sf9 cells possess NADH-GOGAT activity. Furthermore, the high specificity of the NMR method enables distinction of competing reactions from glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
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