| 1. |
- Schäfer, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of landscape structure on mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) and dytiscids (Coleoptera
- 2006
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Ingår i: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.). - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 26:1, s. 57-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patterns of species diversity and community structure depend on scales larger than just a single habitat and might be influenced by the surrounding landscape. We studied the response of two insect families, mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and dytiscids (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), to landscape variables at five spatial scales. We studied adult mosquito and dytiscid abundance, diversity, and species assemblages in relation to water permanence (area of permanent water bodies versus temporary wetlands) and forest cover (area covered by forest versus open land) within nested circles of 100 to 3000 m around trap sites in four wetlands in southern Sweden and in five wetlands in central Sweden. We found that mosquito abundance was greatest in areas with plentiful forest cover and a high proportion of temporary water, while most dytiscids favored open areas with a high proportion of permanent wetlands. However, diversity of both mosquitoes and dytiscids was positively correlated with high permanence and little forest cover. Mosquito species assemblages were mainly influenced by forest cover at a large spatial scale, whereas permanence was more important at local scales. Dytiscid species assemblages were mainly influenced by water permanence, especially at intermediate spatial scales. These results can be explained by the flight capability and dispersal behavior of mosquito and dytiscid species. The observed landscape associations of mosquitoes and dytiscids could be useful when creating new wetlands. Mosquito colonization could be reduced by creating permanent wetlands in an open landscape, which would favor colonization by dytiscids, a potential predator of mosquito larvae, while also supporting the diversity of both taxa.
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| 2. |
- Schäfer, Martina L., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of landscape structures on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and dytiscid (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) at five spatial scales in Swedish wetlands
- 2006
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Ingår i: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.). - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 26:1, s. 57-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterns of species diversity and community structure depend on scales larger than just a single habitat and might be influenced by the surrounding landscape. We studied the response of two insect families, mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and dytiscids (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), to landscape variables at five spatial scales. We studied adult mosquito and dytiscid abundance, diversity, and species assemblages in relation to water permanence (area of permanent water bodies versus temporary wetlands) and forest cover (area covered by forest versus open land) within nested circles of 100 to 3000 m around trap sites in four wetlands in southern Sweden and in five wetlands in central Sweden. We found that mosquito abundance was greatest in areas with plentiful forest cover and a high proportion of temporary water, while most dytiscids favored open areas with a high proportion of permanent wetlands. However, diversity of both mosquitoes and dytiscids was positively correlated with high permanence and little forest cover. Mosquito species assemblages were mainly influenced by forest cover at a large spatial scale, whereas permanence was more important at local scales. Dytiscid species assemblages were mainly influenced by water permanence, especially at intermediate spatial scales. These results can be explained by the flight capability and dispersal behavior of mosquito and dytiscid species. The observed landscape associations of mosquitoes and dytiscids could be useful when creating new wetlands. Mosquito colonization could be reduced by creating permanent wetlands in an open landscape, which would favor colonization by dytiscids, a potential predator of mosquito larvae, while also supporting the diversity of both taxa.
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| 3. |
- Al-Rubaei, Ahmed Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of a 19-Year Old Combined Pond-Wetland System in Removing Particulate and Dissolved Pollutants
- 2017
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Ingår i: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.). - : Springer. - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 37:3, s. 485-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study monitored the stormwater runoff quantity and quality treatment performance of a 6.8 ha 19-year old combined pond-wetland system, located in south Sweden, over one year. The mean volume reductions for 53 storm events for the pond and wetland were 40% and 28%, respectively, while the mean flow reductions were 60% and 76%, respectively. Pollutant concentrations in the influent to the wetland were highly variable. The pond-wetland system could efficiently remove an average of 91%, 80%, 94%, 91%, 83% and 92% of TSS, TP, particulate Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, whereas the removal of particulate and dissolved Ni was highly variable with an average of 67% ± 62% and −5% ± 41%, respectively. The removal of TN, NH4-N and NO3 + NO2-N was highly variable with an average of 45% ± 27%, 12% ± 96% and 45% ± 43%, respectively. These removal percentages are high in comparison to other studies and underline that relatively old systems can also provide efficient treatment. Although the pond accounted for a substantial reduction of pollutant concentration, the wetland significantly enhanced both the treatment performance and the peak flow reduction. This underlines that a combined pond/wetland system is a more beneficial solution than a pond only. The pollutant removal efficiency was significantly influenced by some factors including Antecedent Dry Days, seasonal variations, air temperature, retention times, rainfall depth and duration, and peak rainfall intensity.
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| 4. |
- Andert, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Changes in Methane Oxidizing and Denitrifying Communities and Their Activities in a Drained Peat Soil
- 2012
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Ingår i: Wetlands. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 32, s. 1047-1055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northern peat soils are both sources and sinks of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). These fluxes are regulated by the activity of microbial communities. Temporal, spatial and depth related differences in potential activity and composition of the denitrifier and methanotrophic bacterial communities were compared between winter and summer in relation to in situ fluxes of N2O and CH4 from a drained and forested peat land in Sweden. The composition of the genetic pool of these guilds was assessed using terminal fragment length polymorphism analysis of signature genes in the denitrification and methane oxidation pathways, respectively. The composition of the communities was similar throughout the soil profile, although both denitrification and methane oxidation rates decreased with soil depth. The potential methane oxidation rates were significantly correlated to soil N content, and , indicating a nitrogen induced stimulation of methane oxidation capacity. The site was a source of N2O and a small sink for CH4, and although the fluxes did not vary significantly over time, both the methane oxidizing and denitrifier community composition exhibited temporal patterns. Differences in the composition of the methanotrophic community reflected that the peat site shifted from a summer to a winter community. The denitrifiers exhibited a similar trend, but also differed significantly between the sampling occasions during summer, as well as between locations at the site. The latter was explained by differences in soil pH. It was only the differences in the methane oxidizer community composition that correlated with its corresponding potential activity, which implies a higher degree of functional redundancy within the denitrifier community.
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| 5. |
- Bansal, Sheel, et al.
(författare)
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Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.). - : SPRINGER. - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 43:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions.
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| 6. |
- Beltman, B., et al.
(författare)
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Phosphate Release Upon Long- and Short -Term Flooding of Fen Meadows Depends on Land Use History and Soil pH
- 2014
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Ingår i: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.). - : Springer Netherlands. - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 34:5, s. 989-1001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flooding of acidified and desiccated fen meadows is a management approach for mitigating loss of plant species as well as a short-term measure to prevent flooding in urban areas. Studies have shown that flooding events can cause extreme P release from soils. We questioned whether the occurrence of this 'internal eutrophication' from flooding depended on fertilization history and soil pH. A greenhouse experiment with soil cores from Ireland (turloughs) and from the Netherlands, exposed to flooding for 216 days (long-term) showed a substantial P release for sites with a history of fertilizer use only. Short-term flooding (20-25 days) caused little P release in all soils. There was no correlation between P release and initial soil pH (range 4.1-7.1). All flooded soils showed a significant decline in sulfate and increased iron in the pore water upon flooding. Field trials applying short term flooding to sites differing in soil pH, average soil moisture and history of fertilizer application showed there was no overall effect of flooding on phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, iron concentrations and pH of pore water. Sulfate concentrations significantlyincreased. Hence, problematic phosphate release is only induced by long term flooding of fen meadows with a history of fertilization.
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| 7. |
- Borgström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Wetlands as a Local Scale Management Tool to Reduce Algal Growth Potential
- 2022
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Ingår i: Wetlands. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent land-use changes have led to a significant loss of natural wetlands worldwide resulting in increased amounts of organic and inorganic compounds reaching lakes and coastal areas. In turn, this has led to an increased algal growth, and subsequently the risk of algal blooms and deteriorated water quality. The capacity of wetlands to retain nutrients is well-known, suggesting that constructed wetlands may be a potential management strategy to mitigate algal blooms in downstream waters, although little is known about seasonal variation in reduction of algal growth potential. Therefore, in a long-term study, we experimentally evaluated the efficiency of seven wetlands to reduce the algal growth potential by comparing the growth in cultures containing 50:50 wetland water from the inlet or outlet and water from a eutrophic lake as a standard inoculum. We show that the majority of the wetlands have a considerable potential to reduce algal growth potential, with up to 89% for cyanobacteria and 73% for green algae. However, there were strong temporal variations in efficiency within, as well as between wetlands. Specifically, we show that the potential to reduce algal growth (standardized conditions) was generally higher in winter than in summer. In addition, the wetlands showed different efficiency in reducing the growth potential of cyanobacteria and green algae. Taken together, our results show that wetlands have a considerable potential to reduce algal growth potential, suggesting that they are an efficient local-scale tool in reducing the risk of algal blooms especially from a future climate change perspective.
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| 8. |
- Cianfaglione, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Archaic Food Uses of Large Graminoids in Agro Peligno Wetlands (Abruzzo, Central Italy) Compared With the European Ethnobotanical and Archaeological Literature
- 2022
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Ingår i: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.). - : Springer Nature. - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 42:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large graminoid species, which often dominate wetland ecosystems with extensive and dense formations, are among the most indicative plants from the first human settlements, where they have been used (even transformed) for various functions ranging from food, cordage, weaving and other utilities. Wetland large graminoid foraging today represents one of the rarest and most archaic customs still in existence, as they have frequently disappeared following changes in society or the disappearance of marshes. These customs have (almost) disappeared in Europe, especially in Italy, following socio-economic changes and wetland reclamation; remaining uses can generally only be found in prehistoric traces. This research in Agro Peligno documents and describes for the first time the remains of these prehistoric uses, which are related to the ancient Peligni (or Paeligni) people. The data collected in the current field study were later compared with food uses of graminoids arising from a large spectrum of archaeological, ethnobotanical, and folkloric literature from other European areas, in a large sense. Problems and outlook regarding the loss of this traditional knowledge are also briefly discussed.
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| 9. |
- Fervier, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Nutrient Reduction, Grazing and Barley Straw as Measures Against Algal Growth
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.). - : SPRINGER. - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 40:1, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of our study was to experimentally investigate whether it is possible to reduce nuisance growth of filamentous algae in freshwater ecosystems. We used an experimental set-up mimicking a shallow pond system and performed a field investigation in the eutrophic moat of Krapperup castle (Southern Sweden), which exemplifies an extremely impaired ecosystem with ample growth of filamentous green algae. The indoor experiment tested three treatments: I) reduced nutrient concentrations, II) invertebrate grazers and III) addition of barley straw, which may constitute measures against filamentous algal growth and thereby improve the quality of the ecosystem services provided by water bodies. Our results show a decrease in cyanobacteria and diatom abundances in all mesocosms as filamentous algae biomass increased, suggesting that the microalgae suffered from nutrient and light competition with filamentous algae. A tendency for lower filamentous algae final biomass, as well as coverage, was observed in the treatment where the concentration of nutrients was reduced. Grazers treatment showed a tendency to inhibit filamentous algae growth on artificial macrophytes towards the end of the experiment, suggesting that snails initially fed on their preferred food source (diatoms), until it was almost depleted and then started to feed on filamentous algae. Interestingly, the barley straw treatment was the only treatment promoting macrophytes growth and enhancing diatom biomass, but this did not affect filamentous algae biomass. However, the ratio between filamentous algae and macrophyte final biomasses was significantly lower in the straw treatment. In a broader context, it is likely that in a long-term perspective the positive effect of barley straw on macrophyte growth will promote a shift from dominance by filamentous algae to macrophytes as main primary producer. Moreover, our experiment shows that barley straw may be effective in reducing cyanobacterial growth, which may lead to improved water quality and thereby ecosystem services, such as supporting and cultural ecosystem services, since cyanobacteria may produce potent toxins and pose a serious risk to human and animal health. Altogether, our experimental results have important implications for the challenge of reversing nuisance filamentous algal blooms in highly eutrophic systems.
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| 10. |
- Grasset, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Can Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Be Used as Functional Indicators of Wetlands?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0277-5212 .- 1943-6246. ; 37:6, s. 1195-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aimed to determine whether the organic carbon in wetland soils correlated with physico-chemical characteristics of wetlands (e.g. nutrient content, pH) and differentiated wetlands according to their plant community composition definied by the CORINE Biotope nomenclature. 96 wetlands were sampled in southeastern France, belonging to 14 CORINE habitats grouped into 3 CORINE hydrological categories: wet meadows, peatlands and aquatic wetlands. The total organic carbon content, the carbon content of humic fractions (humic acid (CHA), fulvic acid (CFA) and Chumin), and water extractable organic carbon were measured in samples collected in the upper 20 cm soil layer. These soil organic carbon fractions correlated with pH and soil nutrient content but differed slightly among the 14 CORINE habitats. In contrast, soil organic carbon fractions greatly differed among the 3 CORINE hydrological categories. The CFA/CHA ratio was significantly lower for wet meadows and peatlands and the proportion of CHumin was significantly higher for peatlands and aquatic wetlands. These soil organic carbon fractions inform on the hydrological status of wetlands and may consequently be used as functional indicator in addition to a plant-based classification as the CORINE Biotope nomenclature.
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