| 1. |
- Björn, Lars Olof, et al.
(författare)
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How does light affect melatonin?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2777 .- 0306-9877. ; Jun 4, s. 458-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Bredberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting versus tinkering: Explaining why the clinic is frustrated with molecular mapping of disease mechanisms.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2777 .- 0306-9877. ; 81:4, s. 553-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that our common diseases should not necessarily be taken as a sign of physiological error. Regulatory networks developed by evolutionary forces to support reproductive fitness happen to include disease as a side-effect. For example, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are secondary to a strong defence against infections. An evolutionary perspective can help us understand why many drugs targeted to single molecules or linear signaling pathways fail in clinical trials. We present the hypothesis that a tinkering research strategy, as compared with the prevailing reductionist approach, may be more likely to help us find the tools needed to interfere optimally with disease-generating networks. One application of the hypothesis can be to analyze how manipulation with diet and gut microbial flora influences multiple sclerosis patients, rather than to first map in detail the molecular disease mechanism and then develop targeting drugs.
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| 3. |
- Chourbaji, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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CREB-regulated diurnal activity patterns are not indicative for depression-like symptoms in mice and men.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-9877 .- 1532-2777. ; 70:1, s. 117-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activation of the transcription factor CREB by Ser142 phosphorylation is implicated in synchronizing circadian rhythmicity, which is disturbed in many depressive patients. Hence, one could assume that emotional behaviour and neuroendocrinological markers would be altered in CREB(S142A) mice, in which serine 142 is replaced by alanine, preventing phosphorylation at this residue. Moreover, associations of CREB Ser142 and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) might be detectable by the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CREB gene close to the Ser142 residue in SAD patients. However, neither CREB(S142A) mice demonstrate features of depression, nor there is evidence for an association of SAD with the CREB genotypes. Nevertheless, in humans there is an association of a global seasonality score and circadian rhythmicity with the CREB genotypes in healthy control probands, but not SAD patients. This parallels the phenotype of CREB(S142A) mice, presenting alterations of circadian rhythm and light-induced entrainment. Thus it is reasonable to assume that CREB Ser142 represents a molecular switch in mice and men, which is responsible for the (dys)regulation of circadian rhythms.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dutton, Edward, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Spare the rod and spoil the group’s cultural fitness? : Conditions under which corporal punishment leads to detrimental and beneficial outcomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : Elsevier. - 0306-9877 .- 1532-2777. ; 145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corporal punishment of children is common across human history, and the specific practice of striking the buttocks, known as spanking, seems to have developed independently across a number of separate cultures. This pattern suggests adaptive value, posing a paradox in view of the many reviews stating that spanking has purely negative outcomes on future mental health, and the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics that it be outlawed. We purport to resolve this paradox by separating this particular type of corporal punishment from less controlled lashing out in anger, and we reanalyze these reviews in terms of psychological and physical health outcomes. We find that spanking is associated with positive mental health outcomes when (1) performed by calm parents in a (2) ritualized, structured fashion and combined with (3) other disciplinary techniques within (4) a loving relationship with the child, typically (5) as part of the practice of moral, collective religiosity, and when (6) controlling for confounding variables. In that spanking is noticeably practiced by conservative religious cultural groups, we hypothesize that it can be a fitness-promoting form of behaviour in line with religiousness being an example of a group-fitness-promoting adaptation.
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| 7. |
- Frisk, G, et al.
(författare)
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A unifying hypothesis on the development of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease : Gluten consumption may be a shared causative factor
- 2008
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-9877 .- 1532-2777. ; 70:6, s. 1207-1209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a hypothesis of the aetiology of the increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This together with the global increased incidence of celiac disease (CID) and that these increases cannot be explained by genetic factors suggest a common environmental factor for these two diseases. Even though enterovirus (EV) infections are believed to trigger T1D and gluten is the trigger of CD, the increasing intake of gluten containing products all over the world could be the trigger for both diseases directly and indirectly. It has been shown that the duration of exposure to gluten is related to the prevalence of T1D. It has also been shown that T1D patients at onset have an inflammatory reaction in the gut. Hence, early diagnose of CD followed by elimination of dietary gluten will lead to a decreased incidence of T1D.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hellmer, Kahl, et al.
(författare)
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Infant acetylcholine, dopamine, and melatonin dysregulation : Neonatal biomarkers and causal factors for ASD and ADHD phenotypes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. - 0306-9877 .- 1532-2777. ; 100, s. 64-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and ADHD are common neurodevelopmental disorders that benefit from early intervention but currently suffer from late detection and diagnosis: neurochemical dysregulations are extant already at birth but clinical phenotypes are not distinguishable until preschool age or later. The vast heterogeneity between subjects' phenotypes relates to interaction between multiple unknown factors, making research on factor causality insurmountable. To unlock this situation we pose the hypothesis that atypical pupillary light responses from rods, cones, and the recently discovered ipRGC system reflect early acetylcholine, melatonin, and dopamine dysregulation that are sufficient but not necessary factors for developing ASD and/or ADHD disorders. Current technology allows non-invasive cost-efficient assessment already from the first postnatal month. The benefits of the current proposal are: identification of clinical subgroups based on cause rather than phenotypes; facilitation of research on other causal factors; neonatal prediction of later diagnoses; and guidance for targeted therapeutical intervention.
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| 10. |
- Hellmer, Kahl, et al.
(författare)
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Pupillometric screening of potential neonatal acetylcholine, dopamine, and melatonin dysregulations in neurodevelopmental disorders
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - 0306-9877 .- 1532-2777.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and ADHD are common neurodevelopmental disorders that benefit from early intervention but currently suffer from late detection and diagnosis: neurochemical dysregulations are extant already at birth but clinical phenotypes are not distinguishable until preschool age or later. The vast heterogeneity between subjects’ phenotypes relates to interaction between multiple unknown factors, making research on factor causality insurmountable. To unlock this situation we pose the hypothesis that atypical pupillary light responses from rods, cones, and the recently discovered ipRGC system reflect early acetylcholine, melatonin, and dopamine dysregulation that are sufficient but not necessary factors for developing ASD and/or ADHD disorders. Current technology allows non-invasive cost-efficient assessment already from the first postnatal month. The benefits of the current proposal are: identification of clinical subgroups based on cause rather than phenotypes; facilitation of research on other causal factors; neonatal prediction of later diagnoses; and guidance for targeted therapeutical intervention.
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