| 1. |
- Alm Bergvall, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Vigilance adjustments in relation to long- and short term risk in wild fallow deer (Dama dama)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 128, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that vigilance should be adjusted to the temporal variation in risk. We test this hypothesis in wild fallow deer exposed to short term (disturbance) and long term (presence of a fawn after parturition) changes in risk. We recorded the proportion, frequency and type of vigilance and size of used area before and after parturition, in GPS-collared wild female fallow deer. Vigilance was divided in two main groups: non-grazing vigilance and grazing vigilance. The latter group was divided into grazing vigilance while chewing and a grazing vigilance when chewing was interrupted. By recording external disturbance in form of passing cars, we were able to investigate if this altered the amount, and type of vigilance. We found that females increased the proportion and frequency of grazing vigilance stop chewing after parturition. The grazing vigilance chewing was unaffected, but non-grazing vigilance decreased. Disturbance increased the proportion grazing vigilance stop chewing to the same extent before and after parturition. We found a clear decrease in female home range size after parturition as a possible behavioural adjustment. The increase in grazing vigilance stop chewing after parturition is a rarely described but expected cost of reproduction.
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| 2. |
- Anderson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioural expression of positive anticipation for food or opportunity to play in lambs
- 2015
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 113, s. 152-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anticipatory behaviours may serve a useful tool in studying positive emotional states in animals. This study aimed to investigate if lambs express anticipatory behaviours for opportunities to play or a food reward and if these behaviours would differ depending on the anticipated event. Forty-two male lambs were allocated into three treatment groups (control, play, food). Play and food lambs were conditioned to anticipate play or food in a holding pen for three minutes prior to accessing a reward arena containing toy objects or concentrate, respectively. Control lambs returned to their home pen following three minutes in the holding pen. Compared to the control lambs, both play and food lambs differed in several behaviours frequencies and durations, e.g. by an increased frequency of behavioural transitions and duration of walking. Following these observations, food lambs received the toy objects when entering the reward arena. The subsequent session in the holding pen resulted in a decrease in number of behavioural transitions, time spent walking and an increase in time standing still. In conclusion, anticipating a positive event resulted in differences in behaviour compared to a control group, and these behaviours are affected when the anticipated event does not fit with the lambs' expectations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Arzel, Celiné, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental functional response and inter-individual variation in foraging rate of teal (Anas crecca)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. - 0376-6357 ; 75:1, s. 66-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The functional response, i.e. the change in per capita food intake rate per time unit with changed food availability, is a widely used too] for understanding the ecology and behaviour of animals. However, waterfowl remain poorly explored in this context. In an aviary experiment we derived a functional response curve for teal (Anas crecca) foraging on rice (Oryza sativa) seeds. We found a linear relationship between intake rate and seed density, as expected for a filter-feeder. At high seed densities we found a threshold, above which intake rate still increased linearly but with a lower slope, possibly reflecting a switch from filter-feeding to a scooping foraging mode. The present study shows that food intake rate in teal is linearly related to food availability within the range of naturally occurring seed densities, a finding with major implications for management and conservation of wetland habitats.
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| 4. |
- Arzel, Celiné, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental functional response and inter-individual variation in foraging rate of teal (Anas crecca)
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 75:1, s. 66-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The functional response, i.e. the change in per capita food intake rate per time unit with changed food availability, is a widely used too] for understanding the ecology and behaviour of animals. However, waterfowl remain poorly explored in this context. In an aviary experiment we derived a functional response curve for teal (Anas crecca) foraging on rice (Oryza sativa) seeds. We found a linear relationship between intake rate and seed density, as expected for a filter-feeder. At high seed densities we found a threshold, above which intake rate still increased linearly but with a lower slope, possibly reflecting a switch from filter-feeding to a scooping foraging mode. The present study shows that food intake rate in teal is linearly related to food availability within the range of naturally occurring seed densities, a finding with major implications for management and conservation of wetland habitats.
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| 5. |
- Bergvall, Ulrika A, 1970-
(författare)
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Development of feeding selectivity and consistency in food choice over5 years in fallow deer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : elsevier. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 80, s. 140-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to better understand the development and maintenance of feeding selectivity, several feedingexperimentswere performed with fallowdeer (Damadama L.). In experiments performed when the fawnswere between tenand 27 days old, itwas found that all fawnsshowedpreferences for sucrose but aversionstowards tannic acid and ascorbic acid.However, differences in selectivity towards tannic acidwere presentalready before the fawns became functional ruminants and these individual differences lasted 5 years.Moreover, individuals that ingested overall less tannic acid, searched more thoroughly between foodsources. When the foraging behaviour was compared with age (11–41 days old and 65–97 days old), itwas found that the time a fawn spent eating, increased with age, and the time spent on exploration,smelling and tasting plants decreased with age. Furthermore, the fawns increased their intake of grassand herbs, while the intake of soil and dead plant material decreased with age.
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| 6. |
- Bessa Ferreira, Vitor Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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White Leghorn and Red Junglefowl female chicks use distal and local cues similarly, but differ in persistency behaviors, during a spatial orientation task
- 2022
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there is evidence to suggest that animal domestication acts as a modulator of spatial orientation, little is known on how domesticated animals, compared to their wild counterparts, orientate themselves when confronted to different environmental cues. Here, using domesticated White Leghorn chicks, and their ancestor, the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus), our main objective was to investigate how bird domestication influences the use of distal and local cues, during an orientation task. We also investigated the memory retention of these cues over time, and how persistent/flexible individuals from both breeds were at pecking at unreachable mealworms. Our results showed that the breeds did not differ in their use of distal or local cues, with both showing a marked preference for the use of local cues over distal ones. Over time, individual performance declined, but this was not influenced by the type of cue present during the tests, nor by the breed. Domesticated chicks showed greater signs of persistency compared to their wild conspecifics. In conclusion, domestication did not seem to alter how birds orientate spatially, but may have caused more subtle changes, such as an increase in behavioral persistency, a feature that may be adaptative in human-controlled and homogenous environments.
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| 7. |
- Bosshard, Tiffany Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical cognition in black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed two aspects of numerical cognition in a group of nine captive spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Petri dishes with varying amounts of food were used to assess relative quantity discrimination, and boxes fitted with dotted cards were used to assess discrete number discrimination with equally-sized dots and various-sized dots, respectively. We found that all animals succeeded in all three tasks and, as a group, reached the learning criterion of 70% correct responses within 110 trials in the quantity discrimination task, 160 trials in the numerosity task with equally-sized dots, and 30 trials in the numerosity task with various-sized dots. In all three tasks, the an-imals displayed a significant correlation between performance in terms of success rate and task difficulty in terms of numerical similarity of the stimuli and thus a ratio effect. The spider monkeys performed clearly better compared to strepsirrhine, catarrhine, and other platyrrhine primates tested previously on both types of nu-merical cognition tasks and at the same level as chimpanzees, bonobos, and orangutans. Our results support the notion that ecological traits such as a high degree of frugivory and/or social traits such as a high degree of fission-fusion dynamics may underlie between-species differences in cognitive abilities.
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| 8. |
- Campler, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Fearfulness in red junglefowl and domesticated White Leghorn chickens
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 81:1, s. 39-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It may be hypothesised that reduced fearfulness has been a major target of selection during domestication. We tested 20 domesticated White Leghorn (WL) chickens and their ancestors, red junglefowl (RJF), in four different fear tests (Open Field, Novel Object. Aerial Predator, and Fear for Humans). The tests were designed to measure reactions to different types of potentially fearful stimuli. The correlations between durations of the same four variables from each of the tests (Stand/sit alert, Locomotion, Fly/jump, and Vocalisation) were analysed with principal components analysis (PCA). In the PCA, 33.5% of the variation in responses was explained by a single factor, interpreted as a general fear factor. Higher scores on this were related to stronger fear reactions. Red jungle fowl scored significantly higher than White Leghorns wet on this factor, and also had a longer latency to feed in the Fear of Humans-test, used as an independent measure of fear in the same tests. The results suggest that selection for low fearfulness has been an important element of domestication.
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| 9. |
- Cauchard, Laure, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of an anti-malaria drug on behavioural performance on a problem-solving task : An experiment in wild great tits
- 2016
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 133, s. 24-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malaria parasites have been shown to decrease host fitness in several species in the wild and their detrimental effects on host cognitive ability are well established in humans. However, experimental demonstrations of detrimental effects on non-human host behaviour are currently limited. In this study, we experimentally tested whether injections of an anti-malaria drug affected short-term behavioural responses to a problem-solving task during breeding in a wild population of great tits (Parus major) naturally infected with malaria. Adult females treated against malaria were more active than control females, even though they were not more likely to solve the task or learn how to do so, suggesting that energetic constraints could shape differences in some behaviours while changes in cognitive performances might require more time for the neural system to recover or may depend mainly on infection at the developmental stage. Alternatively, parasite load might be a consequence, rather than a cause, of inter individual variation in cognitive performance. These results also suggest that inter-individual as well as inter-population differences in some behavioural traits may be linked to blood parasite load.
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| 10. |
- Eklund, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Domestication effects on behavioural synchronization and individual distances in chickens ( Gallus gallus)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 86:2, s. 250-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioural synchrony (allelomimetic behaviour), and inter-individual distances are aspects of social and anti-predator strategies which may have been affected by domestication. Chickens are known to adjust synchronization and inter-individual distances depending on behaviour. We hypothesized that White Leghorn (WL) chickens would show less synchronized behaviour than the ancestor, the red jungle fowl (RJF). Sixty birds, 15 female and 15 male WL and the same number of RJF (28 weeks old) were studied in groups of three in furnished pens (1 m × 2 m) for 24 consecutive hours per group, following 24 h of habituation. Video tapes covering 4 h per group (dawn, 9–10 am, 1–2 pm and dusk) were analysed. Red junglefowl perched significantly more, but there were no breed effects on the frequency or daily rhythm of any other activities, or on average inter-individual distances. Red junglefowl were more synchronized during perching and a tendency for the same was found for social behaviour. After performance of the two most synchronized behaviours, perching and comfort behaviour, individual distance increased more for RJF than WL. According to this study domestication of chickens appears not to have significantly altered the relative frequencies of different activities or average inter-individual distances, but have caused some changes in behavioural synchronization and maintenance of activity-specific inter-individual distances in chickens. The changes may indicate an adaptive response to captivity and domestication.
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