| 1. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality, risk indicators mode and place of death and symptoms of angina pectoris in the five years after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with and without a history of hypertension
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 8:4, s. 200-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe mortality, risk indicators for death, place and mode of death, and symptoms of angina pectoris among survivors in the 5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without a history of hypertension. METHODS: All patients in western Sweden who underwent CABG without concomitant valve surgery and without previously performed CABG between June 1988 and June 1991. RESULTS: A total of 1997 patients were included in the analysis, 740 (37%) of whom had a history of hypertension. Patients with no history had a 5-year mortality of 12.4%. The corresponding relative risk for hypertensives was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8). Risk factors for death appeared similar in patients with and without a history of hypertension. Patients with hypertension had an increased risk of death in hospital and an increased risk of a non-cardiac death. Among survivors after 5 years, patients with a history of hypertension tended to have a higher prevalence of symptoms equivalent to angina pectoris. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a history of hypertension have an increased risk of death in the 5 years after CABG. Risk factors for death appear similar in patients with and without a history of hypertension. Patients with hypertension have a particularly increased risk of death in hospital and of death judged as non-cardiac.
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| 2. |
- Hofsten, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related differences in blood pressure and heart rate responses to changes in body position : results from a study with serial measurements in the supine and standing positions in 30-, 50- and 60-year-old men
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 8:4, s. 220-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This population-based study presents the blood pressure and heart rate responses to sudden changes in body position in representative groups of men aged 30 (n = 50), 50 (n = 44) and 60 (n = 69) years, using an unbiased method for non-invasive blood pressure measurements. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every minute during three 7-min periods in the supine, standing and again supine positions. Whereas there was an initial decrease in systolic blood pressure upon standing in men aged 50 and 60 years, an increase was seen in the 30-year-olds. The diastolic blood pressure increased in all age groups, but less in the older compared to the younger men. In all age groups, the changes in systolic blood pressure upon standing were transient, while the changes in the diastolic blood pressure lasted during the entire observation period. The heart rate increased to a similar extent upon standing in all age groups. No symptomatic hypotension was observed. After resuming the supine position, both blood pressure and heart rate returned towards the levels initially recorded. This population-based study confirms previous observations in selected subjects of age-related attenuation in blood pressure response to change in body position. The study also shows that blood pressure and heart rate are rapidly stabilized upon standing up.
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| 3. |
- Lind, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Selective increase of the contractile response to endothelin-1 in subcutaneous arteries from patients with essential hypertension
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 8:1, s. 9-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endothelin-1 has been shown to contribute to basal vascular tone in man. Since endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor putatively involved in hypertension, we have compared the contractile responses of endothelin-1 and noradrenaline in relation to potassium chloride in subcutaneous resistance arteries from subjects with established essential hypertension with matched controls. Furthermore, with RT-PCR, the occurrence of mRNA for the ETA and ET(B) receptors was shown in the tunica media layer of subcutaneous arteries in controls and hypertensives. The maximum contractile response to endothelin-1 was significantly higher in the subcutaneous arteries of the hypertensives (by 88% with no change in potency) as compared to controls. The responses to noradrenaline, acetylcholine and potassium chloride did not differ between the groups. This selective increase in the contractile response to endothelin-1 might contribute to the development of essential hypertension.
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| 4. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in treated and untreated hypertensive subjects
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 8:3, s. 158-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has repeatedly been shown that endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) is impaired in patients with untreated hypertension. The effect of antihypertensive treatment on EDV has, however, not been extensively investigated. In the present study, EDV and endothelium-independent vasodilatation (EIDV) were studied in 20 untreated and 41 treated hypertensive subjects and in 26 matched, normotensive controls by means of infusion of methacholine (MCh), 2 and 4 microg/min, evaluating EDV, and nitroprusside (SNP), 5 and 10 microg/min, evaluating EIDV, in the brachial artery. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. The vasodilatory action of MCh was impaired in untreated hypertensives compared with controls, with the response in the treated hypertensives in between the other two groups (p < 0.01 vs both of the other groups). EIDV, on the other hand, was enhanced in the treated hypertensives (p < 0.01), so that the MCh to SNP FBF ratio, an index of endothelial function, was attenuated in both treated and untreated hypertensives (0.97 +/- 0.24 and 0.96 +/- 0.15, respectively), compared with controls (1.27 +/- 0.29, p < 0.001). Both EDV and EIDV declined with increasing number of antihypertensive drugs used in the treated hypertensives (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the endothelial function index was found to be similarly depressed in both treated and untreated hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive controls. Antihypertensive therapy seems to improve the vasodilatory capacity in general rather than enhancing endothelial function.
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| 5. |
- Vågerö, Denny, et al.
(författare)
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Social determinants of birthweight, ponderal index and gestational age in Sweden in the 1920s and the 1980s
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 88, s. 445-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared the effect of social class and marital status on birth outcomes in Sweden, using (i) data on all births at the Akademiska Hospital in Uppsala from 1920 to 1924 with socioeconomic information from records at birth; and (ii) a linkage of the Medical Births Registry for all births in Sweden in November/December 1985 to the 1985 Census. Preterm births (<37 weeks) have become less common during the 20th century. Between 1920–24 and 1985, mean and median birthweight increased, as did mean ponderal index, indicating a shift to the right of the birthweight and ponderal index distributions. In 1920–24, birthweight and ponderal index were associated with the social class of the household and with the marital status of the mother. Babies of single mothers were lighter and thinner, and had a much greater probability of being born preterm. In contrast, in 1985, maternal marital status (and cohabitation status) had a weaker effect on birthweight and ponderal index. The importance of household social class for ponderal index and preterm birth changed similarly, but its importance for birthweight remained. The mediating mechanism may have changed. Mothers from farming households now gave birth to the heaviest babies (nearly 200 g heavier than those of unskilled workers). Adjustment for a number of factors, including smoking, had a limited effect on these social class differences. In conclusion, biological processes during the foetal period are systematically linked to the social circumstances of the mother, but in a different way in the 1920s and in 1985.
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| 6. |
- Hellmer, Stefan
(författare)
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Iron ore production and trade in Russia
- 1999
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Ingår i: Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-1049 .- 1651-2286. ; 14:2, s. 21-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main question put forward in the paper is: Will Russia become a major competitor in the European iron ore market? The main purpose is to put the former world's largest producer of iron ore, Russia, back on the "iron ore map." Using production and trade figures for 1990 and 1995 and mine-specific data on capacity, production, products, geographic position and foreign trade for every mine in Russia, it is generally concluded that while some facts favor Russia, others do not. The long distances between the mines and foreign customers, with the accompanying freight costs, certainly do not favor Russia. Among those that do is the fact that ore at the seven exporting mines is of high quality magnetite with an iron content generally well above 60%. As magnetite ore is cheaper to pelletize than hematite ore, Russia might possess a still unexplored competitive advantage.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Prellwitz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes of Key Persons to Accessibility Problems in Playgrounds for Children with Restricted Mobility: A Study in a Medium-sized Municipality in Northern Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 6:4, s. 166-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Playgrounds are an important outdoor environment for children. Yet few playgrounds are designed to be accessible to children with restricted mobility. In this study the child with restricted mobility is defined as one who is unable to move around without the aid of a wheelchair, walking-frame, walking-stick or other walking device. The purpose of the study was to explore the attitudes to accessibility problems in playgrounds among two groups of key persons: "creators" and "users of playgrounds" in a medium-sized municipality in northern Sweden. Eleven key persons (5 "creators of playgrounds" and 6 "users of playgrounds") were interviewed in a semi-structured interview. The interviews were analysed according to content analysis and could be coded under different themes. The results showed that those who created playgrounds had (i) a fragmented organization, (ii) insufficient knowledge of disabilities, (iii) poor economy, and (iv) attitudes as an obstacle. Interviews with the users of the playgrounds were coded under two themes (i) the playground is not for me (i.e. for children with restricted mobility) and (ii) assistance is a precondition for accessibility. The results were discussed in the light of how the inaccessibility of play environments can affect the development of children with restricted mobility, and affect their possibilities of a life on a par with that of other children.
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| 9. |
- Tamm, Maare
(författare)
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Relatives as a help or a hindrance : a grounded theory study seen from the perspective of the occupational therapist
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 6:1, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family caregivers are the primary source of support for rehabilitation in the home setting for frail elderly people. The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of how occupational therapists view the family caregivers and their own role in rehabilitation in the home-care setting. The investigation was carried out as a grounded theory study. Interview transcripts from 18 community-based occupational therapists were analysed according to the constant comparative method for grounded theory described by Glaser & Strauss. Six categories were grounded in the data, forming a model describing how occupational therapists view family caregivers dealing with a demanding situation of existential insecurity (the core category). These six categories formed two higher-order categories-family caregivers as a help or as a hindrance. The role of the occupational therapists in relation to relatives varied, depending on the part played by the relatives themselves, but it was better defined and distinct when relatives acted as a help than when they acted as a hindrance.
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| 10. |
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