| 1. |
- Anders, Klevmarken, et al.
(författare)
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In Memoriam: Sten Malmquist
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - : Springer. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 23:2, s. 141-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Bostian, A. J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the productivity consequences of agri-environmental practices when adoption is endogenous
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 53:2, s. 141-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address the general problem of selection bias, an issue endemic to policy analysis when adoption is voluntary, with an empirical application to environmental policies for agriculture. Many voluntary practices for mitigating the environmental impacts of agriculture provide external benefits while lowering productivity. Policy analysis of the productivity consequences is complicated by the fact that decision makers can choose their own policy levers, an action that ruins any notion of random assignment. We introduce an identification strategy to correct this kind of endogeneity, combining classic methods from stochastic frontier analysis and selection models. Applying it to micro-level data from Finnish grain farms, we find that more efficient producers are more likely to enroll in subsidized practices. And, because those practices tend to reduce yield, frontier analysis without the endogeneity correction greatly understates the productivity loss. In other words, naively basing the frontier estimator on the subset of less-productive farms leads to downward bias in the frontier estimates. In fact, average inefficiency more than doubles after the correction in this case. An outlier investigation suggests that the lowest decile of farms are responsible for most of the selection bias in the uncorrected model.
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| 3. |
- Broberg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the Porter hypothesis : the effects of environmental investments on efficiency in Swedish industry
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - : Springer. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 40:1, s. 43-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of this paper is to test the Porter hypothesis by assessing static and dynamic effects of environmental policy on productivity. According to the hypothesis, stringent environmental regulations have dynamic effects on firm performance, and these effects eventually generate profits that offset the adaptation costs. We extend previous analyses by using unique data on environmental protection investments in the Swedish manufacturing industry as a proxy for environmental stringency. These data enable us to separate environmental protection investments into pollution prevention and pollution control. This distinction is crucial since the hypothesis claims that it is investments in prevention that have positive dynamic effects on firm performance. To test the hypothesis, a stochastic production frontier model is estimated where firm inefficiency is a function of investments in environmental protection. In general, we find no support for the Porter hypothesis within the time frame of our study, indicating that environmental regulations lead to efficiency losses. This result is even stronger in the harshly regulated pulp and paper industry.
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| 4. |
- Forchini, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-parametric modelling of inefficiencies in stochastic frontier analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - : Springer. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 59, s. 135-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a novel penalized splines method to estimate a stochastic frontier model in which the frontier is linear and the inefficiency has a single index structure with unknown link function and a linear index. The approach is more flexible than the traditional methodology requiring a parametric link function and, at the same time, it does not incur the curse of dimensionality as a fully non-parametric approach. The procedure can be easily implemented using existing software. We give conditions for the model to be identified and provide some asymptotic results. We also use Monte Carlo simulations to show that the approach works well in finite samples in many situations when compared to the well specified maximum likelihood estimator. An application to the residential energy demand of US states is considered. In this case, the penalized splines approach estimates inefficiency functions that deviate substantially from those resulting from parametric maximum likelihood methods previously implemented.
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| 5. |
- Forsund, F. R., et al.
(författare)
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On the origins of data envelopment analysis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 17:1-2, s. 23-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept "Data Envelopment Analysis" (DEA) was introduced in the journal literature by the highly influential 1978 paper of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes. In the subsequent literature the development of research leading up to this paper tended to be forgotten. However, studying this diffusion of ideas may give valuable insights into research issues still unexplored and insight in the research process itself. A natural starting point is Farrell's seminal 1957 paper on concepts of efficiency and their computation. The richness of ideas presented in Farrell is demonstrated by the fact that the developments in the following two decades were based on aspects and ideas there. The origins of the main developments are identified, and the connections to Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes are explored.
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| 6. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of technical change and TFP growth based on observable technology shifters
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - : Springer. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 53:1, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper models and estimates total factor productivity (TFP) growth parametrically. The model is a generalization of the traditional production function model where technology is represented by a time trend. It decomposes TFP growth into an unobservable time trend induced technical change, scale economies and an observable technology shifter index's components. The empirical results are based on unbalanced panel data at the global level for 190 countries observed over the period 1996-2013. It uses a number of exogenous growth factors in modeling four technology shifter indices to explore development infrastructure, finance, technology and human development determinants of TFP growth. Our results show that unobservable technical change remains the most important component of TFP growth. Our findings also show that technical changes and TFP growth are unexpectedly negative across all country income groups and years.
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| 7. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Farm heterogeneity and technical efficiency : Some results from Swedish dairy farms
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 5:1, s. 45-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces farm-heterogeneity in measuring technical efficiency of Swedish dairy farms using farm-level data. In calculating technical efficiency which is allowed to vary over time and across farms, we control for farm-specific effects. This is possible only when panel data is available. Furthermore, we separate technical efficiency from technical change-the presence of which is indicated by a shift in the production function over time, ceteris paribus. We also calculate percentage change in technical efficiency to examine whether farm efficiencies have improved over time. Finally, a comparison of technical efficiency, elasticities of different inputs, and technical change is made across different years and panels. The data includes four panels of dairy farms observed during the period 1976-1988, excluding 1985. ©1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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| 8. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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The R&D and productivity relationship of Korean listed firms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 36:2, s. 125-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the relationship between R&D investment and the productivity of Korean R&D-engaged firms. An interdependent chain of equations including the propensity to invest, R&D investment and productivity are estimated in a multi-step procedure accounting for selectivity and simultaneity biases. Using Korean firm level panel data of listed firms from 1986 to 2002, we find four main empirical results. First, there is a two-way causal relationship between R&D investment and productivity for Korean listed firms. Second, Chaebol firms were associated with lower R&D growth as well as lower labor productivity growth in comparison to non-Chaebol firms. Third, there was a substantial reduction in growth rates both in R&D investment and labor productivity in 1997-1998, immediately following the Asian financial crisis. Fourth, considering the positive feedback effect from productivity growth to R&D growth, a decrease in R&D investment growth after the Asian financial crisis should have been harmful by further decreasing productivity growth. ©2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
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| 9. |
- Hjalmarsson, L., et al.
(författare)
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DEA, DFA and SFA : A comparison
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 7:2-3, s. 303-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) model has become increasingly popular in the analysis of productive efficiency, and the number of empirical applications is now very large. Recent theoretical and mathematical research has also contributed to a deeper understanding of the seemingly simple but inherently complex DEA model. Less effort has, however, been directed toward comparisons between DEA and other competing efficiency analysis models. This paper undertakes a comparison of the DEA, the deterministic parametric (DFA), and the stochastic frontier (SFA) models. Efficiency comparisons across models in the above categories are done based on 15 Colombian cement plants observed during 1968-1988. ©1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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| 10. |
- Hjalmarsson, Lennart, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Efficiency and ownership in Swedish electricity retail distribution
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 3:1/2, s. 7-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the efficiency of electricity retail distributors in Sweden in a multiple output multiple input framework. Productive efficiency measures are calculated by use of different versions of the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Comparisons are made between different types of ownership and between different types of service areas. The study indicates a rather low level of technical efficiency, a high level of scale efficiency in urban service areas, but a fairly low level of scale efficiency in rural areas. The results show no significant differences in efficiency between different types of ownership or economic organization.
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