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- Agnafors, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and academic performance: a study on selection and causation effects from childhood to early adulthood
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; :56, s. 857-866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeAn inverse relationship between mental health and academic achievement is a well-known phenomenon in the scientific literature. However, how and when this association develops is not fully understood and there is a lack of longitudinal, population-based studies on young children. Early intervention is important if associations are to be found already during childhood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the development of the association between mental health and academic performance during different developmental periods of childhood and adolescence.MethodsData from a longitudinal birth cohort study of 1700 children were used. Child mental health was assessed through mother’s reports at age 3, and self-reports at age 12 and 20. Academic performance was assessed through teacher reports on educational results at age 12 and final grades from compulsory school (age 15–16) and upper secondary school (age 18–19). The association between mental health and academic performance was assessed through regression models.ResultsThe results indicate that social selection mechanisms are present in all three periods studied. Behavioral and emotional problems at age 3 were associated with performing below grade at age 12. Similarly, mental health problems at age 12 were associated with lack of complete final grades from compulsory school and non-eligibility to higher education. Academic performance at ages 15 and 19 did not increase the risk for mental health problems at age 20.ConclusionMental health problems in early childhood and adolescence increase the risk for poor academic performance, indicating the need for awareness and treatment to provide fair opportunities to education.
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- Alaie, Iman, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent depression, early psychiatric comorbidities, and adulthood welfare burden : a 25-year longitudinal cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 56:11, s. 1993-2004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Depression at all ages is recognized as a global public health concern, but less is known about the welfare burden following early-life depression. This study aimed to (1) estimate the magnitude of associations between depression in adolescence and social transfer payments in adulthood; and (2) address the impact of major comorbid psychopathology on these associations.METHODS: This is a longitudinal cohort study of 539 participants assessed at age 16-17 using structured diagnostic interviews. An ongoing 25-year follow-up linked the cohort (n = 321 depressed; n = 218 nondepressed) to nationwide population-based registries. Outcomes included consecutive annual data on social transfer payments due to unemployment, work disability, and public assistance, spanning from age 18 to 40. Parameter estimations used the generalized estimating equations approach.RESULTS: Adolescent depression was associated with all forms of social transfer payments. The estimated overall payment per person and year was 938 USD (95% CI 551-1326) over and above the amount received by nondepressed controls. Persistent depressive disorder was associated with higher recipiency across all outcomes, whereas the pattern of findings was less clear for subthreshold and episodic major depression. Moreover, depressed adolescents presenting with comorbid anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders evidenced particularly high recipiency, exceeding the nondepressed controls with an estimated 1753 USD (95% CI 887-2620).CONCLUSION: Adolescent depression is associated with considerable public expenditures across early-to-middle adulthood, especially for those exposed to chronic/persistent depression and psychiatric comorbidities. This finding suggests that the clinical heterogeneity of early-life depression needs to be considered from a longer-term societal perspective.
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- Alenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge and insight in relation to functional remission in patients with long-term psychotic disorders
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 45:5, s. 523-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with psychotic symptoms often respond poorly to treatment. Outcomes can be affected by biological, physiological and psychological factors according to the vulnerability-stress model. The patient's coping strategies and beliefs have been correlated with outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the knowledge and insight in relation to treatment response. METHODS: A naturalistic study was performed using patient interviews and information gathered from patient drug charts. Apart from the rating scales used for classification of treatment response (CANSEPT method), the SPKS knowledge of illness and drugs rating scale was utilized. RESULTS: In the group of patients in functional remission (FR; n = 38), 37% had insight into their illness as compared to 10% among those not in functional remission (non-FR; n = 78; P < 0.01). As much as 23% of the non-FR group had no strategy for responding to warning signs versus 8% in the FR group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Better treatment outcomes appear to be associated with better insight into illness, higher knowledge of warning signs and better coping strategies.
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- Amin, Ridwanul, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare use before and after suicide attempt in refugees and Swedish-born individuals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 56:2, s. 325-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: There is a lack of research on whether healthcare use before and after a suicide attempt differs between refugees and the host population. We aimed to investigate if the patterns of specialised (inpatient and specialised outpatient) psychiatric and somatic healthcare use, 3 years before and after a suicide attempt, differ between refugees and the Swedish-born individuals in Sweden. Additionally, we aimed to explore if specialised healthcare use differed among refugee suicide attempters according to their sex, age, education or receipt of disability pension.METHODS: All refugees and Swedish-born individuals, 20-64 years of age, treated for suicide attempt in specialised healthcare during 2004-2013 (n = 85,771 suicide attempters, of which 4.5% refugees) were followed 3 years before and after (Y - 3 to Y + 3) the index suicide attempt (t0) regarding their specialised healthcare use. Annual adjusted prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of specialised healthcare use were assessed by generalized estimating equations (GEE). Additionally, in analyses among the refugees, GEE models were stratified by sex, age, educational level and disability pension.RESULTS: Compared to Swedish-born, refugees had lower prevalence rates of psychiatric and somatic healthcare use during the observation period. During Y + 1, 25% (95% CI 23-28%) refugees and 30% (95% CI 29-30%) Swedish-born used inpatient psychiatric healthcare. Among refugees, a higher specialised healthcare use was observed in disability pension recipients than non-recipients.CONCLUSION: Refugees used less specialised healthcare, before and after a suicide attempt, relative to the Swedish-born. Strengthened cultural competence among healthcare professionals and better health literacy among the refugees may improve healthcare access in refugees.
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- Andersson, Lena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Can access to psychiatric health care explain regional differences in disability pension with psychiatric disorders?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 42:5, s. 366-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are a serious public health problem, especially as many psychiatric disorders begin early in life. Disability pension (DP) with psychiatric diagnoses has, since the mid 1990s, increased in several European countries and regional differences within countries have emerged. It is not clear whether these regional differences are associated with differences in access to psychiatric health care. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate whether regional differences in DP with psychiatric diagnoses in Norway were associated with differences in psychiatric service provision (the number of staff employed and psychiatric beds available). METHOD: The study population consisted of individuals aged 16-67 years living in Norway (n = 4,348,410) and six southern regions. Included cases were individuals who were granted a DP with a psychiatric diagnosis between 1 January and 31 December 1990, 1995 or 2000. Mental retardation was excluded. Data on cases were collected from the National Insurance Administration and data on psychiatric health care staff and beds was collected from Specialist Health Service, Statistics Norway. Regression models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Norway as reference. RESULTS: Staffing levels (per 10,000 inhabitants) did not differ substantially between the regions, with the exception of Oslo that had about 70% higher numbers of staff employed. In regression analyses controlling for numbers of psychiatric staff and beds, regional differences in DP remained. Both men and women in the semi rural regions Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder were significantly more likely to receive a DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, while the IRR for DP was reduced in Ostfold. Different psychiatric staff groups were associated with increased or decreased rates of DP. The adjusted IRR between number of psychiatric staff (man-years of staff per 10,000 inhabitants) and DP with psychiatric diagnoses were: 1.23 (1.18-1.29) for psychologists, 1.13 (1.04-1.23) for physicians, 1.03 (1.00-1.07) for nurses and 0.84 (0.80-0.88) for auxiliary nurses. Furthermore, increased numbers of beds were associated with DP with a psychiatric diagnosis (IRR 2.86 (2.03-4.05) for 100 beds/10,000 population). CONCLUSION: Psychiatric provision (in terms of both staff and beds) was associated with the incidence of DP with psychiatric diagnoses but regional differences in provision did not explain the regional differences in DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. Future work needs to examine whether differences in case detection and case management are associated with regional differences in DP with psychiatric diagnoses.
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