| 1. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a framework for ecological stategic change in business networks
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of cleaner production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1879-1786 .- 0959-6526. ; 10:5, s. 465-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the paper is to identify major strategic issues for a firm aiming for change towards ecologically sustainable activities in its network. One purpose is to develop and apply a theoretical approach that takes the strategic actions of the firm and its network context into consideration. Empirically, the aim is to identify, describe and categorize various strategic issues when an actor aims to introduce waste recycling activities in its network. The framework is applied to a case describing a food retail chain’s ecological re-positioning in a system for the recycling of waste. The paper identifies a set of strategic issues including managerial implications for a firm that takes on the role of change agent in its industrial network.
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| 2. |
- Baas, Leo
(författare)
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Cleaner production and industrial ecosystems, a Dutch experience
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 6:3-4, s. 189-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article opens briefly with the recent discussions about the effectiveness of pollution prevention. As pollution prevention and cleaner production are important elements of industrial ecology, the different definitions and approaches of industrial ecology as a term also need clarity. The major part of this article reflects the first results of the cleaner production and industrial ecology concepts, applied in an industrial ecosystem project (INES) in the Rotterdam harbour area. In this industrial area with many refineries and (petro)chemical facilities, the possibilities for companies to reuse waste streams, by-products and energy from each other was researched. The project was initiated by an industrial association. Sixty-nine members of the industrial association joined the INES project and provided confidential information about their resources, products and waste streams to the research team. Based on this information, 15 projects were designed. The selected three projects for further feasibility studies showed the potency to reduce the use of energy, water and bio sludge significantly.
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| 3. |
- Baas, Leo W.
(författare)
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Cleaner Production: beyond projects
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 3:1-2, s. 55-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical research has revealed that, despite the positive results of many Cleaner Production case studies, in practice relatively little spontaneous spreading of the application of Cleaner Production approaches occurs. A new paradigm must replace the one used over the past 25 years of environmental protection activities, which focused upon carrying on the 'normal' ways of production and adding 'cleaning' technologies later, as needed. In many companies, this 'normal' practice still goes on today, while the new Cleaner Production awareness, which demands new practices and a new paradigm, has not been accepted by them or by most government officials. This paper reflects on the developments in Cleaner Production and Products research within the past few years.
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| 4. |
- Baas, Leenard. W, et al.
(författare)
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Four years of experience with Erasmus University's “International Off-Campus PhD programme on cleaner production, cleaner products, industrial ecology and sustainability”
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 8:5, s. 425-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the first four years' experiences with Erasmus University's “International Off-Campus PhD Programme on Cleaner Production, Cleaner Products, Industrial Ecology and Sustainability.” The proposal for this innovative, off-campus programme was made in 1992, in response to expanding needs for providing environmental professionals the opportunity to continue their employment and to simultaneously work toward fulfilling the requirements of a PhD. After receiving approval and initial financial support from the Board of Deans of Erasmus University, the first INTENSIVE (INTENSIVE is the term used to describe the annual, two-week long training programme within which the new PhD candidates, as well as those who have been in the programme for a year or more, meet to learn more about the rapidly evolving areas addressed by the programme and to report on progress made in each candidate's PhD thesis research. The Erasmus faculty and invited supportive co-advisors and other visiting scholars contribute to the scholarly input and candidate guidance.) of the new International PhD Programme was held in October 1995. Since then the programme has expanded and progressed. As of the academic year 1998/1999, twenty-one PhD candidates from eleven countries in five continents were actively pursuing their PhD research and thesis development within the Programme. Six new candidates were admitted during the November 1999 INTENSIVE.
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| 5. |
- Björklund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating a municipal waste management plan using ORWARE
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 7:4, s. 271-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental consequences of implementing Uppsala's waste management plan have been analysed using ORWARE, a computerized static substance flow model based on life cycle assessment methodology. Normalizing emissions from waste management to total emission loadings in the municipality was tested as a means to improve the evaluation. It was found that anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste can reduce net environmental impact, while large-scale composting either increases environmental impact or gives less reduction than anaerobic digestion. In either case, metal contamination of digester sludge or compost may limit the feasibility of the systems. Increased materials recycling has the potential of reducing environmental impact, provided that processing of recycled materials causes equal or less environmental impact than extraction and processing of virgin raw materials. Normalization showed that all impact categories were of roughly equal importance. It was shown that easy accessible data published by a Swedish municipality were sufficient to do a relatively comprehensive normalization.
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| 6. |
- Boons, F. A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Types of industrial ecology: The problem of coordination
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 5:1-2, s. 79-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial ecology initiatives have in common the fact that they cross company boundaries, necessitating the coordination of the activities of several economic actors. This article focusses on this coordination problem. Based on organizational sociological concepts, four types ofindustrial ecology activities are distinguished. Each has its own characteristic coordination problem. From this typology, conclusions are drawn concerning the way in which industrial ecology initiatives can, and should, be stimulated.
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| 7. |
- Cederberg, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of milk production : A comparison of conventional and organic farming
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 8:1, s. 49-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An LCA was performed on organic and conventional milk production at the farm level in Sweden. In the study, special focus was aimed at substance flows in concentrate feed production and nutrient flows on the farms. The different feeding strategies in the two forms of production, influence several impact categories. The import of feed by conventional dairy farms often leads to a substantial input of phosphorus and nitrogen. Organic milk production is a way to reduce pesticide use and mineral surplus in agriculture but this production form also requires substantially more farmland than conventional production. For Swedish conditions, however, a large use of grassland for grazing ruminants is regarded positively since this type of arable land use promotes the domestic environmental goals of biodiversity and aesthetic values.
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| 8. |
- Mattsson, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Agricultural land use in life cycle assessment (LCA) : Case studies of three vegetable oil crops
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 8:4, s. 283-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for environmental assessment of agricultural land use is outlined. Environmental objectives and indicators of the land use quality are defined. The method is tested in case studies of cultivated vegetable oil crops: Swedish rape seed, Brazilian soybean and Malaysian oil palm. The results from this study lead us to bclieve that the indicators soil erosion, soil organic matter, soil structure, soil pH, phosphorus and potassium status of the soil, and the impact on biodiversity are a good choice of indicators. These indicators would give a good picture of long-term soil fertility and biodiversity. However, taking them together involves results that are a mix of quantitative and qualitative information, which makes it difficult to aggregate in an acceptable way. Therefore, land use assessment performed in this way includes not only quantitative results but also qualitative descriptions.A method is developed for addressing agricultural land use in life cycle assessment. Based on a set of environmental objectives, a series of quantifiable variables is selected as indicators of the sustainability of the production capacity of agricultural land. These include: soil erosion, hydrology, soil organic matter, soil structure, soil pH, heavy-metal accumulation, phosphorus and potassium contents, biodiversity, and landscape aesthetic value. As illustration, three case studies are presented, involving rape seed production in Sweden, soybean production in Brazil, and oil palm production in Malaysia.
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| 9. |
- Sonesson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental impact of future milk supply chains in Sweden : A scenario study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 11:3, s. 253-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to analyse the environmental impact of future supply chains for dairy products. A scenario technique was chosen because scenarios can yield information about the environmental consequences of certain lines of action or developments in a system. To quantify the effects of future systems, a mathematical model of the milk supply chain was constructed and used to simulate possible scenarios. The model was based mainly on life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The results show that any consideration of the environmental effects of the milk supply chain must consider the entire chain. The amount of packaging materials used is an important factor, as is the transportation of the dairy products to households. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Ziegler, Friederike, et al.
(författare)
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Emissions from fuel combustion in Swedish cod fishery
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 11:3, s. 303-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents emission data (CO2, NOx, CO, HC and SOx) for fishing vessels, calculated per kg of cod landed by Swedish fishermen. Three scenarios are included; one reflecting the fishery and fleet of 1999, one assuming modern engine technology and, finally, a future scenario assuming a slight increase in the use of passive gear (seines and long-lines) and pair trawls instead of single trawls, lower fishing effort and lower emission levels. The effects on the results of different allocation strategies for landed by-catches are evaluated. Data was gathered from official fishery statistics and engine emission data from one of the major manufacturers of marine diesels. Fuel consumption data for otter trawling and gillnet fishing was obtained by having fishermen fill out a questionnaire. The results include emission calculations for gillnet fishing and trawling, and indicate lower emissions per kg of cod caught for gillnet fishing, due to lower fuel consumption. Considerable options for decreasing fuel consumption and emissions produced in cod fisheries through changes in technology and fisheries policy were concluded from this work. Choosing allocation method was shown to be important for the final results, especially in mixed, high-value target fisheries. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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