| 1. |
- Hollman, Gunilla, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Familial hypercholesterolaemia and quality of life in family members
- 2003
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 36:5, s. 569-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAwareness of genetic disease in the family may influence quality of life. The purpose of this study was to describe quality of life among nonaffected members of families with familial hypercholesterolaemia. All were aware of the risk for coronary heart disease. Their quality of life was compared with a reference group and with the patients with familial hypercholesterolesterolaemia themselves.MethodsNames of family members (n = 129) were given by the patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. A randomly selected reference group (n = 1485) and patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (n = 185) were included for comparison. They all completed the questionnaire Quality of Life Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Mastery Scale measuring coping. Family members and patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia also completed a questionnaire on health and lipids.ResultsFamily members were more satisfied with family life, mean 22.1 ± 3.5 (SD), and psychological/spiritual life, 22.9 ± 4.0, than the reference group, 21.4 ± 4.3 and 21.1 ± 4.8, respectively; this was particularly expressed among partners, P < 0.05. Of family members, 91% were anxious about the patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia developing coronary heart disease.ConclusionsFamily members have as good a quality of life as members of the reference group, but they were anxious about the patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia developing coronary heart disease.
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| 2. |
- Agahi, Neda, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking trajectories from midlife to old age and the development of non-life-threatening health problems : A 34-year prospective cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 57:2, s. 107-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To examine how trajectories of smoking observed over a 34-year period, were associated with the progression of mobility impairment, musculoskeletal pain, and symptoms of psychological distress from midlife to old age. Method. The Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and the Swedish Panel Study of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) were merged to create a nationally representative longitudinal sample of Swedish adults (aged 30-50 at baseline; n = 1060), with four observation periods, from 1968 through 2002. Five discrete smoking trajectory groups were treated as predictors of variation in health trajectories using multilevel regression. Results. At baseline, there were no differences in mobility impairment between smoking trajectory groups. Over time all smokers, particularly persistent and former heavy smokers, exhibited faster increases in mobility problems compared with persistent non-smokers. Additionally, all smoking groups reported more pain symptoms than the non-smokers, at baseline and over time, but most of these differences did not reach statistical significance. Persistent heavy smokers reported elevated levels of psychological distress at baseline and over time. Conclusion. Smokers, and even some former smokers, who survive into old age appear to be at increased risk for non-life-threatening conditions that can diminish quality of life and increase demands for services.
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| 3. |
- Ahacic, Kozma, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in smoking in Sweden from 1968 to 2002 : Age, period, and cohort patterns
- 2008
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 46:6, s. 558-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Smoking is related to many later life health outcomes. We examined age, period, and cohort patterns in smoking between 1968 and 2002. Methods. A nationally representative panel study allowed repeated cross-sectional comparisons of ages 18-75 (5 waves n approximate to 5000), and ages 77+ at later waves (2 waves n approximate to 500). Cross-sectional 10-year age group differences in 5 waves, time-lag differences between waves for age groups, and within-cohort differences between waves for 10-year birth cohorts were evaluated using graphs and ordered logistic regressions. Results. Age-period-cohort models suggested that period and age effects dominated smoking patterns, showing decreases over time and age. The 1935-44 and 1945-54 cohorts, however, showed lesser period decline. Moreover, men showed a period reduction of smoking rates but no age related decrease, while women showed an age related decrease but no period effect. The genders' cohort patterns were similar, with higher smoking rates in the last waves for some cohorts, for men the 1945-54 cohort and women the 1935-44 cohort. Conclusions. Cross-sectional studies of cohorts must be aware of age effects. Due to the coming of age of the 1940s' cohorts smoking may increase among women in the oldest age groups.
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| 4. |
- Bartram, Ashlea, et al.
(författare)
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Which parents provide zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents? A survey of Australian parents' practices and intentions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Zero-alcohol beverages (<0.5% alcohol by volume) appear and taste similar to alcoholic beverages but are regulated similarly to soft drinks in many countries, blurring the distinction between alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. How parents view provision of zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents is likely a key determinant of adolescent consumption. We investigated factors associated with parents' provision of zeroalcohol beverages to adolescents, including attitudes toward zero-alcohol beverages and demographic, knowledge, and behavioural factors known to be associated with provision of alcoholic beverages.Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of N = 1197 Australian parents of adolescents aged 12-17 years in April-May 2022. We examined associations with zero-alcohol beverage provision using binomial logistic regression, and with future provision intentions using multinomial logistic regression analyses.ResultsFactors significantly associated (p < .001) with parents' provision and future intentions to provide zeroalcohol beverages to their adolescent included beliefs that zero-alcohol beverages had benefits for adolescents (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.69 (provision); 3.72 (intentions)), provision of alcoholic beverages (AOR 2.67 (provision); 3.72 (intentions)), and an incorrect understanding of alcohol guidelines for adolescents (AOR 2.38 (provision); 1.95 (intentions)).ConclusionsParents' provision and intentions to provide zero-alcohol beverages were associated with beliefs about zero-alcohol beverages as well as some factors associated with provision of alcoholic beverages. Precautionary advice to parents that the provision of zero-alcohol beverages may serve to normalise alcohol consumption may be warranted.
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| 5. |
- Beeres, D., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Swedish school-based program “tobacco-free DUO” in a cluster randomized controlled trial (TOPAS study). Results at 2-year follow-up
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Friends' and parents' tobacco use are strong predictors of tobacco uptake among adolescents, however the effectiveness of interventions based on public commitments and agreements to remain tobacco-free are not established. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of the school-based Swedish program Tobacco-Free Duo (T-Duo) in preventing adolescents from initiating tobacco use (TOPAS study). T-Duo is a multi-component intervention witha formal agreement between a student and an adult partner to remain tobacco-free during the entire 3-year study period as core component. The standardized educational component of the same program was used as comparator (control). Primary outcome was the probability to “remain a non-user” of i) cigarettes and secondary outcomes ii) other types of tobacco at second (21-month) follow-up. Analysis was conducted according to Intention To Treat. In total 1776 adolescents (51% female) aged 12–13 in grade 7 from 34 participating high schools in Sweden were included at baseline in 2018, of which 1489 were retained after 21 months. The Risk Ratio (RR) of not having tried cigarettes 21-months after initiation of the intervention was 1.03(CI 0.98–1.08), Bayes Factor(BF) = 0.93, Absolute Risk Difference(ARD) = 3.1%. Similar associations were found for never smoked a whole cigarette and never use of other tobacco/nicotine products. There was a minimal reduction of tobacco use initiation among Swedish adolescents assigned to a multi-component intervention (T-Duo) compared to those assigned to standardized classroom education after 2 schoolyears. However, for most outcomes' findings were inconclusive and not reliably different from zero. Trial registration: ISRCTN5285808 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN52858080); Study protocol: DERR1-https://doi.org/10.2196/21100. Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52858080 Date: January 4, 2019, retrospectively registered. Protocol: Galanti, M.R., Pulkki-Brännström, A.-M., Nilsson, M., 2020. Tobacco-free duo adult-child contract for prevention of tobacco use among adolescents and parents: protocol for a mixed-design evaluation. JMIR Res. Protoc. 9, e21100. doi:10.2196/21100. © 2021
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Berg-Beckhoff, G., et al.
(författare)
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Political stringency, infection rates, and higher education students' adherence to government measures in the Nordic countries and the UK during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding predictors of adherence to governmental measures to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 is fundamental to guide health communication. This study examined whether political stringency and infection rates during the first wave of the pandemic were associated with higher education students' adherence to COVID-19 government measures in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Iceland, and Sweden) and the United Kingdom.Both individual- and country-level data were used in present study. An international cross-sectional subsample (n = 10,345) of higher-education students was conducted in May–June 2020 to collect individual-level information on socio-demographics, study information, living arrangements, health behaviors, stress, and COVID-19-related concerns, including adherence to government measures. Country-level data on political stringency from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and national infection rates were added to individual-level data. Multiple linear regression analyses stratified by country were conducted.Around 66% of students reported adhering to government measures, with the highest adherence in the UK (73%) followed by Iceland (72%), Denmark (69%), Norway (67%), Finland (64%) and Sweden (49%). Main predictors for higher adherence were older age, being female and being worried about getting infected with COVID-19 (individual-level), an increase in number of days since lockdown, political stringency, and information about COVID-19 mortality rates (country-level). However, incidence rate was an inconsistent predictor, which may be explained by imperfect data quality during the onset of the pandemic.We conclude that shorter lockdown periods and political stringency are associated with adherence to government measures among higher education students at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in anthropometric measures in immigrants and Swedish-born individuals : results from two community-based cohort studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 69, s. 151-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study differences in body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist-hip-height ratio (WHHR) and percent body fat in immigrants and Swedish-born men and women in two large population-based samples.METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 60-year-old individuals, n=4 232. To replicate the results, we also assessed another large independent cohort cross-sectionally, the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDC, n=26 777). The data from both cohorts were collected in the 1990s in Sweden.RESULTS: Significant differences between Finnish-born, Middle Eastern and women from the rest of the world were seen for all anthropometric measures, using Swedish-born women as referent. However, WHHR was the only anthropometric measure that identified all these three groups of immigrant women as different from Swedish-born women with high statistical certainty (p<0.001). Apart from WHHR that identified differences in anthropometry in all immigrant groups of men using Swedish-born men as referent, few significant differences were seen in anthropometry among groups of immigrant men. These finding were observed in both cohorts, and remained after adjustments for smoking, physical activity and educational level.CONCLUSION: The present study confirms previous findings of more obesity among immigrants and is the first to report that WHHR measurements may detect anthropometric differences between different ethnic groups better than other anthropometrical measures.
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