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- Lazarus, Jeffrey, et al.
(författare)
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Tuberculosis-HIV co-infection: policy and epidemiology in 25 countries in the WHO European region
- 2008
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Ingår i: HIV Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1468-1293 .- 1464-2662. ; 9:6, s. 406-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aims of this study were to collect and review tuberculosis (TB)-HIV data for Europe and to provide an overview of current health policies addressing co-infection. Methods We collected reported cases of TB-HIV from the 25 most affected member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) European region. Countries were also asked whether they had implemented health policies covering collaborative TB-HIV activities and what their main achievements, obstacles and needs were in addressing TB-HIV. Results Twenty countries reported registering a total of 6925 TB-HIV cases in 2005. Among TB patients tested, 3.3% were found to be HIV-positive, up from 2.1% in 2004. The male-to-female ratio was 2.7:1. The largest percentage of co-infections were reported in people aged 25-34 years (47.8%). Recommended TB-HIV policies have been implemented in many of the countries. Conclusions Case-finding has improved in many countries and the reported incidence of TB-HIV is increasing in the European region, particularly among young adults, although it remains low compared to other parts of the world. Strengthened coordination of existing TB and HIV services is still needed.
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- Abdulle, Sahra, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of antiretroviral treatment on blood-brain barrier integrity and intrathecal immunoglobulin production in neuroasymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients.
- 2005
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Ingår i: HIV medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-2662 .- 1468-1293. ; 6:3, s. 164-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of antiretroviral combination therapy on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) production. METHODS: Lumbar punctures were performed on 38 neurologically asymptomatic, treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients prior to and during treatment at intervals of approximately 4 months, 1 year and 2 years. Albumin ratio and IgG index were analysed as markers of BBB integrity and intrathecal IgG synthesis. RESULTS: HIV-1 RNA decreased to < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of all patients and in the plasma of all but one patient. Only 5% of patients had elevated albumin ratio values at baseline, while 56% had an elevated IgG index. There was no significant reduction of the albumin ratio or the IgG index. After 2 years of treatment all patients had normal albumin ratio values, while 41% still had increased IgG index levels. CONCLUSIONS: Up to 2 years after the initiation of treatment, the favourable impact of antiretroviral combination treatment on CSF viral load was not accompanied by a similar reduction of intrathecal IgG production. BBB function, measured as the albumin ratio, was not significantly changed in this cohort of neurologically asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients.
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- Ladenheim, D, et al.
(författare)
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Potential health risks of complementary alternative medicines in HIV patients.
- 2008
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Ingår i: HIV Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-2662 .- 1468-1293. ; 9:8, s. 653-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are potentially significant health risks posed by the concomitant use of CAMs in patients taking ARV therapy. Medical practitioners need to be able to identify CAM use in HIV-positive patients and recognize potential health risks. Patients should be encouraged to disclose CAM use to their clinicians and other healthcare professionals.
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