| 1. |
- Acar, Sevil, et al.
(författare)
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Convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions : implications and meta-analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 18:4, s. 512-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a rich empirical literature testing whether per capita carbon dioxide emissions tend to converge over time and across countries. This article provides a meta-analysis of the results from this research, and discusses how carbon emissions convergence may be understood in, for instance, the presence of international knowledge spillovers and policy convergence. The results display evidence of either divergence or persistent gaps at the global level, but convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions between richer industrialized countries. However, the results appear sensitive to the choice of data sample and choice of convergence concept, e.g. stochastic convergence versus β-convergence. Moreover, peer-reviewed studies have a higher likelihood of reporting convergence in carbon dioxide emissions compared to non-refereed work.
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| 2. |
- Anderson, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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A factor of two : how the mitigation plans of ‘climate progressive nations’ fall far short of Paris-compliant pathways
- 2020
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 20:10, s. 1290-1304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Paris Agreement establishes an international covenant to reduce emissions in line with holding the increase in temperature to 'well below 2 degrees C horizontal ellipsis and to pursue horizontal ellipsis 1.5 degrees C.' Global modelling studies have repeatedly concluded that such commitments can be delivered through technocratic adjustments to contemporary society, principally price mechanisms driving technical change. However, as emissions have continued to rise, so these models have come to increasingly rely on the extensive deployment of highly speculative negative emissions technologies (NETs). Moreover, in determining the mitigation challenges for industrialized nations, scant regard is paid to the language and spirit of equity enshrined in the Paris Agreement. If, instead, the mitigation agenda of 'developed country Parties' is determined without reliance on planetary scale NETs and with genuine regard for equity and 'common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities', the necessary rates of mitigation increase markedly. This is evident even when considering the UK and Sweden, two nations at the forefront of developing 'progressive' climate change legislation and with clear emissions pathways and/or quantitative carbon budgets. In both cases, the carbon budgets underpinning mitigation policy are halved, the immediate mitigation rate is increased to over 10% per annum, and the time to deliver a fully decarbonized energy system is brought forward to 2035-40. Such a challenging mitigation agenda implies profound changes to many facets of industrialized economies. This conclusion is not drawn from political ideology, but rather is a direct consequence of the international community's obligations under the Paris Agreement and the small and rapidly dwindling global carbon budget. Key Policy Insights Without a belief in the successful deployment of planetary scale negative emissions technologies, double-digit annual mitigation rates are required of developed countries, from 2020, if they are to align their policies with the Paris Agreement's temperature commitments and principles of equity. Paris-compliant carbon budgets for developed countries imply full decarbonization of energy by 2035-40, necessitating a scale of change in physical infrastructure reminiscent of the post-Second World War Marshall Plan. This brings issues of values, measures of prosperity and socio-economic inequality to the fore. The stringency of Paris-compliant pathways severely limits the opportunity for inter-sectoral emissions trading. Consequently aviation, as with all sectors, will need to identify policies to reduce emissions to zero, directly or through the use of zero carbon fuels. The UK and Swedish governments' emissions pathways imply a carbon budget of at least a factor of two greater than their fair contribution to delivering on the Paris Agreement's 1.5-2 degrees C commitment.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding, mapping and reporting of climate-related risks among listed firms in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 23:8, s. 945-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the mapping and reporting of climate-related risks among firms listed on the NasdaqOMX stock exchange in Stockholm in four goods-producing industries. Our study contains two parts: (i) a study of the firms’ external communication through their annual reports, sustainability reports and webpages, and (ii) a follow-up survey of the top management team. The survey contains quantitative questions and free text answers, which provide additional insights into the mapping and risk-handling of climate-related risks among the firms. We find that firms are likely to engage in some form of mapping and reporting of climate-related risks, but there are variations among the firms. Furthermore, the management of climate-related risks appears to be a residual issue for most firms with little active engagement from the management team or board of directors.
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| 4. |
- Azar, Christian, 1969
(författare)
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Remembering Steve Schneider (1945-2010)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - 1752-7457 .- 1469-3062. ; 10, s. 719-720
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Bezabih, Mintewab, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change and total factor productivity in the Tanzanian economy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 11:6, s. 1289-1302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper analyses the economic impacts of climate change-induced adjustments on the performance of the Tanzanian economy, using a country-wide computable general equilibrium model. The effect of overall climate change on agricultural productivity (modeled as reduced land productivity) is projected to be relatively limited until approximately 2030 and become worse thereafter. Our simulation results indicate that despite the projected reduction in agricultural productivity, the negative impacts can potentially be quite limited. This is because the time scales involved and the low starting point of the economy leave ample space for factor substitutability and increased overall productivity. This indicates that policies that give farmers opportunity to invest in autonomous climate adaptation, as well as policies that improve the overall performance of the economy, can be as important for reducing the impacts of climate change in the economy as direct government policies for climate adaptation.
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| 6. |
- Blaxekjær, Lau Øfjord, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the narrative positions of new political groups under the UNFCCC
- 2015
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 15:6, s. 751-766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2009, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime has seen the emergence of several new political groups. This article analyses how the new political groups are positioning themselves in relation to the key UNFCCC principles (the North–South divide and ‘common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities’, CBDR/ RC). Drawing on original data, including official statements and submissions, observations at COP 17, COP 18, COP 19, and interviews with delegates, the article analyses the BASIC group (Brazil, South Africa, India and China), the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF), the Cartagena Dialogue for Progressive Action (CD), the Durban Alliance (DA), the Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDC), and the Association of Independent Latin American and Caribbean States (AILAC). Modelled after Hendrik Wagenaar’s approach to narrative policy analysis, the article draws a map of narrative positions based on the North–South and new CBDR/RC divisions. This framework reveals the embeddedness of narratives in practice as they unfold in the formation of new political groups. CVF, CD, DA and AILAC align on a narrative of ‘shared responsibility across the North–South divide’. This meta-narrative challenges the hitherto dominant notion of CBDR/RC, which BASIC and LMDC defend through a meta-narrative of ‘differentiated responsibility upholding the North–South divide’.
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| 7. |
- Brook, Barry, et al.
(författare)
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Energy research within the UNFCCC : a proposal to guard against ongoing climate-deadlock
- 2016
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 16:6, s. 803-813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose that an international ‘Low-Emissions Technology Commitment’ should be incorporated into the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiation process in order to promote innovation that will enable deepdecarbonization. The goal is to accelerate research, development, and demonstration of safe, scalable, and affordable lowemissions energy technologies. Such a commitment should be based on three elements. First, it should operate within existing UNFCCC negotiations so as to encourage developed states to offer directed funding for energy research as part of their national contributions. Second, pledges should be binding, verifiable, and coordinated within an international energy-research plan.Third, expert scientific networks and participating governments should collaborate to design a coordinated global research and technology-demonstration strategy and oversee national research efforts. To this end an Intergovernmental Panel on Low-Emissions Technology Research might be established. This proposal offers some insurance against the risk that the political impasse in international negotiations cannot be overcome. The higher costs associated with low-emissions alternatives to fossil fuels currently creates significant economic and political resistance to their widespread adoption. To breach this impasse, amechanism supporting accelerated energy research is needed that seeks to reduce future abatement costs, share experienceand ‘learning-by-doing’ in first-of-a-kind demonstrations, and thus facilitate future widespread deployments. These actions will also assist in addressing inequalities in energy access.
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| 8. |
- Brännlund, Runar, et al.
(författare)
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To tax, or not to tax : preferences for climate policy attributes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 12:6, s. 704-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many countries around the world respond to global warming and its consequences with various policy instruments. In the economic literature, policy instruments have typically been analysed with respect to efficiency, but little effort has been expended to understand public preferences for these instruments. In an internet-based choice experiment to address this shortcoming, Swedes were asked to choose between two alternative hypothetical policy instruments, each of which reduces CO2 emissions by the same amount. The hypothetical policy instruments were characterized by a number of specific attributes. By varying the levels of each of the attributes, respondents indirectly reveal their preferences for these attributes. Half of the respondents are faced with choices labelled ‘tax’ and ‘other’, and the other half are faced with unlabelled choices (hypothetical instruments). The results show that Swedes tend to dislike the term ‘tax’ and show a preference for instruments with a positive effect on environment-friendly technology and climate awareness. A progressive-like cost distribution is preferred to a regressive cost distribution, and the private cost is negatively related to the choice of policy.
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| 9. |
- Dellmuth, Lisa Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Global adaptation governance : how intergovernmental organizations mainstream climate change adaptation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 21:7, s. 868-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change adaptation is increasingly being mainstreamed into all types of organizations across the world. A large number of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), such as the European Union, the World Bank, or Food and Agriculture Organization, have already started to mainstream adaptation. Yet, despite a surge in scholarly interest in climate policy integration over the past decade, adaptation is still predominantly studied as a local issue and mainstreaming in IGOs remains poorly understood. In this article, we develop and test an innovative framework for examining adaptation mainstreaming practices in IGOs. Using quantitative and qualitative data derived from extensive fieldwork conducted between 2017 and 2020, we examine mainstreaming practices in a large number of IGOs and arrive at two key findings. First, adaptation has been mainstreamed within the procedures and outputs of IGOs across ten (nonclimate) issue areas, while there is also evidence of important issue-specific variation. Second, there is variation across mainstreaming practices in the sense that discursive mainstreaming is most common, whereas more concrete collaboration, policy change affecting projects and programs, and budget allocations are less common. We conclude with a discussion of how our framework can inform the theory and practice of global adaptation governance.
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| 10. |
- Dubash, Navroz K., et al.
(författare)
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Developments in national climate change mitigation legislation and strategy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 13:6, s. 649-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results are presented from a survey of national legislation and strategies to mitigate climate change covering almost all United Nations member states between 2007 and 2012. This data set is distinguished from the existing literature in its breadth of coverage, its focus on national policies (rather than international pledges), and on the use of objective metrics rather than normative criteria. The focus of the data is limited to national climate legislation and strategies and does not cover subnational or sectoral measures. Climate legislation and strategies are important because they can: enhance incentives for climate mitigation; provide mechanisms for mainstreaming; and provide a focal point for actors. Three broad findings emerge. First, there has been a substantial increase in climate legislation and strategies between 2007 and 2012: 67% of global GHG emissions are now under national climate legislation or strategy compared to 45% in 2007. Second, there are substantial regional effects to the patterns, with most increases in non-Annex I countries, particularly in Asia and Latin America. Third, many more countries have adopted climate strategies than have adopted climate legislation between 2007 and 2012. The article concludes with recommendations for future research.Policy relevance The increase in climate legislation and strategy is significant. This spread suggests that, at the national level, there is some movement in reshaping climate governance despite the relatively slow pace of global negotiations, although the exact implications of this spread require further research on stringency of actions and their implementation. Asia and Latin America represent the biggest improvements, while OECD countries, which start from a high base, remain relatively stagnant. Implications of regional patterns are further refined by an analysis by emissions, which shows that some areas of low levels of legislation and strategy are also areas of relatively low emissions. A broad trend toward an emphasis on strategies rather than legislation, with the significant exception of China, calls for enhanced research into the practical impact of national non-binding climate strategies versus binding legislation on countries' actual emissions over time.
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