| 1. |
- Asplund, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Reporting Ethics Approval in Articles on Criminality : An Audit of Adherence to Swedish Legislation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 1556-2646 .- 1556-2654. ; 18:3, s. 147-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the Swedish Ethics Review Act, research involving personal data on crimes should undergo independent ethics review. To explore the reporting of ethics approval, we extracted information from articles with Swedish personal data on crimes published in 2013-2021. Of the identified 298 articles, 92 (31%) failed to report ethics approval. Failures were particularly common in articles with a qualitative design, single or few authors and when there was a social science focus. Failures varied markedly between universities. We conclude that failures to report compulsory ethics approval are common in articles involving personal data on crime and that these failures vary markedly with the research setting. Several indicators of poor adherence to the Ethics Review Act have been identified.
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| 2. |
- Colnerud, Gunnel
(författare)
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Brief report : ethical problems in research practice
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. - : University of California Press. - 1556-2646 .- 1556-2654. ; 8:4, s. 37-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most accounts of the ethical problems facing researchers across a broad spectrum of research fields come from ethicists, ethics committees, and specialists committed to the study of ethics in human research. In contrast, this study reports on the ethical questions that researchers, themselves, report facing in their everyday practice. Fifty-five Swedish researchers contributed 109 examples of ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and problems in research. They were all researchers at the postdoctoral level in the fields of medicine, the humanities, education, and the social sciences, who devoted at least 50 percent of their working hours to research. They reported issues they face before, during, and after gathering data. Their range of issues is broader than generally discussed and points to the importance of researchers’ ethical sensitivity.
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| 3. |
- Colnerud, Gunnel, 1947-
(författare)
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Ethical problems in research practice
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. - East Bay USA : University of California Press. - 1556-2646 .- 1556-2654. ; 8:4, s. 37-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article has its origin in the legislative regulation of research ethics and is a contribution to the knowledge about the ethical problems, which researchers actually face in their everyday practice. The study is an example of descriptive ethics with a theoretical background in a model for relations between norms in professional ethics. The empirical method used is critical incidents technique. Data have been collected by asking researchers about their experiences of ethical problems in their practice. The participants were researchers at the post-doctoral level in the fields of medicine, the humanities, education and social sciences. They had all been awarded grants from the Swedish Research Council. The total data, which comprises 109 examples reported by 55 respondents, is analysed by qualitative content analyses. In the findings reported in this article we can see that researchers deal with a variety of problems related to informed consent and risks of harm, which solutions are dependent on the researchers’ ethical sensitivity, discretion and judgement. Moreover, it may be noted that ethics win over other standards, when ethical consideration has come into conflict with scientific quality.
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| 4. |
- Godskesen, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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When Nursing Care and Clinical Trials Coincide : A Qualitative Study of the Views of Nordic Oncology and Hematology Nurses on Ethical Work Challenges
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1556-2646 .- 1556-2654. ; 13:5, s. 475-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the kinds of ethical challenges experienced by nurses in oncology and hematology when nursing care and research overlap in clinical trials, and how the nurses handle such challenges. Individual interviews with 39 nurses from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland indicated that all nurses were positive about research, considering it essential for developing the best care. Ethical challenges exist, however; the most difficult were associated with the end-of-life patients, no longer responsive to standard therapy, who eagerly volunteer for cutting-edge drug trials in the hope of gaining therapeutic benefit. Many nurses lacked systematic strategies for addressing such challenges but found support from their nursing colleagues and relied on the research protocols to guide them.
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| 5. |
- Helgesson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Misuse of Coauthorship in Medical Theses in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE. - : SAGE Publications. - 1556-2654 .- 1556-2646. ; 13:4, s. 402-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore experiences of authorship issues among persons who have recently received their doctoral degree in medicine in Sweden. A survey was mailed to all who received their PhD at a medical faculty at a Swedish university the first half of 2016. Questions concerned experiences of violations of the first three authorship criteria in the Vancouver rules and of misuse of authorship order in the articles of their thesis, and the respondents’ attitudes to these matters. The questionnaire was returned by 285 respondents (68%). According to the majority (53%), the Vancouver rules were not fully respected in the articles of their thesis. A vast majority (97%) found it important that authorship issues are handled correctly, but only 19% responded that their department has a clear and consistently applied policy. We conclude that authorship guidelines are frequently disrespected at medical faculties in Sweden. The universities seem to provide limited support on authorship issues.
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| 6. |
- Hofmann, B, et al.
(författare)
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Research Integrity Among PhD Students at the Faculty of Medicine: A Comparison of Three Scandinavian Universities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE. - : SAGE Publications. - 1556-2654 .- 1556-2646. ; 15:4, s. 320-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates research integrity among PhD students in health sciences at three universities in Scandinavia (Stockholm, Oslo, Odense). A questionnaire with questions on knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and behavior was distributed to PhD students and obtained a response rate of 77.7%. About 10% of the respondents agreed that research misconduct strictly defined (such as fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, FFP) is common in their area of research, while slightly more agreed that other forms of misconduct is common. A nonnegligible segment of the respondents was willing to fabricate, falsify, or omit contradicting data if they believe that they are right in their overall conclusions. Up to one third reported to have added one or more authors unmerited. Results showed a negative correlation between “good attitudes” and self-reported misconduct and a positive correlation between how frequent respondents thought that misconduct occurs and whether they reported misconduct themselves. This reveals that existing educational and research systems partly fail to foster research integrity.
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| 7. |
- Hofmann, B, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Dishonesty: A Survey of Doctoral Students at the Major Medical Faculties in Sweden and Norway
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE. - : SAGE Publications. - 1556-2654 .- 1556-2646. ; 10:4, s. 380-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As we need knowledge about the prevalence of scientific dishonesty, this study investigates the knowledge of, experiences with, and attitudes toward various forms of scientific dishonesty among PhD students at the main medical faculties in Sweden and Norway. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all post-graduate research students attending basic PhD courses at the medical faculties in Stockholm and Oslo during the fall 2014. The responding doctoral students reported to know about various forms of scientific dishonesty from the literature, in their department, and for some also through their own experience. Some forms of scientific misconduct were considered to be acceptable by a significant minority. There was a high level of willingness to report misconduct but little awareness of relevant policies for scientific conduct.
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| 8. |
- Matar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Curricular Aspects of the Fogarty Bioethics International Training Programs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1556-2646 .- 1556-2654. ; 9:2, s. 12-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- THE CURRICULUM DESIGN, FACULTY characteristics, and experience of implementing masters' level international research ethics training programs supported by the Fogarty International Center was investigated. Multiple pedagogical approaches were employed to adapt to the learning needs of the trainees. While no generally agreed set of core competencies exists for advanced research ethics training, more than 75% of the curricula examined included international issues in research ethics, responsible conduct of research, human rights, philosophical foundations of research ethics, and research regulation and ethical review process. Common skills taught included critical thinking, research methodology and statistics, writing, and presentation proficiency. Curricula also addressed the cultural, social, and religious context of the trainees related to research ethics. Programs surveyed noted trainee interest in Western concepts of research ethics and the value of the transnational exchange of ideas. Similar faculty expertise profiles existed in all programs. Approximately 40% of faculty were female. Collaboration between faculty from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) occurred in most programs and at least 50% of HIC faculty had previous LMIC experience. This paper is part of a collection of papers analyzing the Fogarty International Research Ethics Education and Curriculum Development program.
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| 9. |
- Matar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical Analysis of Egypt's Law Regulating Clinical Research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 1556-2646 .- 1556-2654. ; 17:4, s. 494-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lately, there has been increased research performed in Egypt. In response, the Egyptian Parliament published its first clinical research law in December 2020. The official version of the law was translated to English from Arabic and back by an accredited translation service. We performed an ethical analysis of the law based on the seven ethical requirements for clinical research proposed by Emanuel et al. and compared it with other regulations in the Arab region. The law contains provisions that fulfill all requirements for ethical research to varying degree. Provisions necessitating the sharing of participants’ data and biospecimens by the Central Intelligence Agency requires further specifications to ensure privacy protection. Also, the law poses problematic liabilities that could hamper medical research. Egypt's law compares favorably with other laws in the region. Potential items that require further specification can be addressed in the executive regulations currently being drafted for the law.
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| 10. |
- Matar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives of Egyptian Research Ethics Committees regarding Their Effective Functioning
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1556-2646 .- 1556-2654. ; 8:1, s. 32-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent increase in research in the Middle East has been associated with the establishment of research ethics committees (RECs). Our aim was to obtain perspectives of RECs regarding the challenges that impede their effective functioning. We conducted in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. We transcribed and analyzed the interviews to uncover major themes and subthemes. We identified the following themes: membership composition; training needs of members; availability of human and capital resources; role of the national government; concerns with the informed consent process; government scrutiny of research; investigator-related issues; and concerns with transfer of biological samples to other countries. Our interview study revealed several barriers that need to be considered by appropriate stakeholders to enhance adequate functioning of RECs.
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