| 1. |
- Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and Timing Analysis of Vehicle Functions Distributed over Switched Ethernet
- 2017
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Ingår i: IECON 2017 - 43RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY. - 9781538611272 ; , s. 8419-8424
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes an approach to model switched Ethernet communication within a model- and component-based software development framework for vehicular distributed embedded systems. The paper also presents a method to extract the network timing model from the systems that use switched Ethernet networks. In order to provide a proof of concept, an existing industrial component model and its tool suite, namely RCM and Rubus-ICE respectively, are extended by implementing the modeling technique, the timing model extraction method and response-time analysis of the Ethernet AVB protocol. The extensions to RCM are backward compatible with the modeling and end-to-end timing analysis of traditional in-vehicle networks and legacy (previously developed) vehicular distributed embedded systems. Furthermore, the paper discusses the implementation and test strategy used in this work. Finally, the usability of the modeling approach and implemented timing analysis is demonstrated by modeling and time analyzing a vehicular application case study with the extended component model and tool suite.
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| 2. |
- Balasubramanian, S.M.N, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating implementation overheads in the analysis for the flexible spin-lock model
- 2017
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Ingår i: IECON 2017 - 43RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY. - 9781538611272 ; , s. 411-8418
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flexible spin-lock model (FSLM) unifies suspension-based and spin-based resource sharing protocols for partitioned fixed-priority preemptive scheduling based real-time multiprocessor platforms. Recent work has been done in defining the protocol for FSLM and providing a schedulability analysis without accounting for the implementation overheads. In this paper, we extend the analysis for FSLM with implementation overheads. Utilizing an initial implementation of FSLM in the OSEK/VDX-compliant Erika Enterprise RTOS on an Altera Nios II platform using 4 soft-core processors, we present an improved implementation. Given the design of the implementation, the overheads are characterized and incorporated in specific terms of the existing analysis. The paper also supplements the analysis with measurement results, enabling an analytical comparison of FSLM with the natively provided multiprocessor stack resource policy (MSRP), which may serve as a guideline for the choice of FSLM or MSRP for a specific application.
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| 3. |
- Buzhinsky, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Explicit-state and symbolic model checking of nuclear I&C systems : A comparison
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538611272 ; , s. 5439-5446
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In some fields of industrial automation, such as nuclear power plant (NPP) industry in Finland, thorough verification of systems and demonstration of their safety are mandatory. Model checking is one of the techniques to achieve a high level of reliability. The goal of this paper is practical: we explore which type of model checking - either explicit-state or symbolic - is more suitable to verify instrumentation and control (I&C) applications, represented as function block networks. Unlike previous studies, in addition to the common open-loop approach, which views the controller model alone, we consider closed-loop verification, where the plant is also modeled. In addition, we present a procedure to translate block networks to the language of the SPIN explicit-state model checker.
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| 4. |
- Buzhinsky, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Scalable methods of discrete plant model generation for closed-loop model checking
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538611272 ; , s. 5483-5488
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To facilitate correctness and safety of mission-critical automation systems, formal methods should be applied in addition to simulation and testing. One of such formal methods is model checking, which is capable of verifying complex requirements for the system's model. If both the controller and the controlled plant are formally modeled, then the variant of this technique called closed-loop model checking can be applied. Recently, a technique of automatic plant model generation has been proposed which is applicable in this scenario. This paper continues the work in this direction by presenting two plant model construction approaches which are much more scalable with respect to the previous one, and puts this work into a more practical context. The approaches are evaluated on a case study from the nuclear automation domain
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| 5. |
- Cai, Simin, et al.
(författare)
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Customized Real-Time Data Management for Automotive Systems : A Case Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: IECON 2017 - 43RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY. - 9781538611272 ; , s. 8397-8404
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time DataBase Management Systems (RTDBMS) have been considered as a promising means to manage data for data-centric automotive systems. During the design of an RTDBMS, one must carefully trade off data consistency and timeliness, in order to achieve an acceptable level of both properties. Previously, we have proposed a design process called DAGGERS to facilitate a systematic customization of transaction models and decision on the run-time mechanisms. In this paper, we evaluate the applicability of DAGGERS via an industrially relevant case study that aims to design the transaction management for an on-board diagnostic system, which should guarantee both timeliness and data consistency under concurrent access. To achieve this, we apply the pattern-based approach of DAGGERS to formalize the transactions, and derive the appropriate isolation level and concurrency control algorithm guided by model checking. We show by simulation that the implementation of our designed system satisfies the desired timeliness and derived isolation, and demonstrate that DAGGERS helps to customize desired real-time transaction management prior to implementation.
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| 6. |
- Davidescu, George, et al.
(författare)
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Network planning and self-repair in models of urban distribution networks via Hill Climbing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538611272 ; , s. 5477-5482
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Network Planning and Fault Location, Isolation and Supply Restoration (FLISR) are important functions of power distribution automation systems. We model these functions as a combinatorial optimization graph problem called the Capacitated Spanning Forest Problem (CSF), defined as the problem of creating a spanning forest with a capacity constraint on each tree bounding its total weight. We present an algorithm based on a Hill Climbing heuristic for the solution of CSF that can be used to solve network planning and supply restoration scenarios on large graphs representing smart grids.
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| 7. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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In-network Processing for Context-Aware SOA-based Manufacturing Systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538611272 ; , s. 3460-3465
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve flexible manufacturing, increasingly large amounts of data are being generated, stored, analyzed, archived and eventually fed back into the product life cycle. But where is this data stored and how is it transported? Current methods rely on centralized or federated databases to manage the data storage. This approach has several challenges, such as collection bottlenecks, secure retrieval, single point of failure and data-scheme fragility as data heterogeneity increases. Additionally, manufacturers are finding the need to open their networks for service based equipment suppliers. This means previous security assumptions regarding network encryption and information access-control must be re-evaluated. Proposed here is a method of in-network processing that gathers information only where and when it is needed. Systems build context at runtime by creating dynamic queries which make service composition. The service composition processes raw data and presents it as information to the calling system. This reduces the movement of data/information and removes single point collection bottlenecks. Furthermore, fine grained access control and shared trust can be granted between untrusted systems. The proposed methods are demonstrated on a lab setup of an industrial use case.
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| 8. |
- Drozdov, Dmitrii, et al.
(författare)
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Towards formal verification for cyber-physically agnostic software : A case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538611272 ; , s. 5509-5514
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyber-physical agnosticism (CPA) is a property of software in cyber-physical systems (CPS) to withstand various disturbances and keep maintaining the required behaviour of the physical process. With the increased research on the use of internet of things (IoT) in industrial automation (IoT-A), there is a need for robust distributed automation control systems that can take into account some overheads of using wireless devices in such an IoT setup. For example, data transfer delays between wireless sensors and the controller might result in the controller acting on a stale sensor value. In this paper, we present an approach of using time-aware computations to let the controller to assess quality of the input data and formal verification as a method to check the CPA property of the IoT-A applications. The paper specifically considers IEC 61499 standard for implementation of distributed IoT-A application. Ptolemy II PTIDES inspired time stamped event semantics is used in the application to keep track of the origin of different events. Timed automata are used to model the plant. The IEC 61499 application together with abstract plant model is then converted to SMV language and NuSMV model checker is used for formal verification. The paper presents a case study of an elevator example to demonstrate the proposed approach. A random delay is used to model the communication delay in the wireless network. It is shown that if the communication delay was not accounted for, then the elevator would stop in-between the floors and open the doors that is considered unsafe. The paper then shows how time-aware computation is used to make sure that the elevator always follows safe behaviour.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring and modelling open compute servers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781538611272 ; , s. 7177-7184, s. 7177-7184
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficient control of server rooms in modern data centers can help reducing the energy usage of this fast growing industry. Efficient control, however, cannot be achieved without: i) continuously monitoring in real-time the behavior of the basic thermal nodes within these infrastructures, i.e., the servers; ii) analyzing the acquired data to model the thermal dynamics within the data center. Accurate data and accurate models are indeed instrumental for implementing efficient data centers cooling strategies. In this paper we focus on a class of Open Compute Servers, designed in an open-source fashion and currently deployed by Facebook. We thus propose a set of methods for collecting real-time data from these platforms and a control-oriented model describing the thermal dynamics of the CPUs and RAMs of these servers as a function of both manipulable and exogenous inputs (e.g., the CPU utilization levels and the air mass flow produced by the server's fans). We identify the parameters of this model from real data and make the results available to other researchers.
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| 10. |
- Giovanelli, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an aggregator that exploits big data to bid on frequency containment reserve market
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538611272 ; , s. 7514-7519
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased penetration of distributed and volatile renewable generation requires the demand-side to be actively involved in energy balancing operations. This paper proposes a solution in which big data and machine learning methods are employed to enhance the capabilities of a Virtual Power Plant to participate and intelligently bid into a demand response energy market. The energy market being investigated consists of the frequency containment reserve market. First, we define the core decision-making required to overcome the uncertainties in the frequency containment reserve market participation for a Virtual Power Plant. Then, we focus on forecasting the frequency containment reserve prices for the day-ahead. We analyze the price data, and identify and collect the relevant features for the prediction of the prices. In addition, we select several regression analysis methods to be utilized for the prediction. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the implemented methods by executing several experiments, and compare the the performance with the performance of a state of the art autoregression method.
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