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| 2. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Globalization and distribution of exports
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics of Knowledge and Talent: Local Advantage in a Global Context. - : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.. - 9781781953549 - 9781848443280 ; , s. 300-319
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Globalization and distribution of exports
- 2012
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Ingår i: The regional economics of knowledge and talent. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848443280 - 9781781953549 ; , s. 300-319
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the 1980s many economists started to use the term globalization as a catchword for an increased interaction between countries in world trade. The literature does not provide a clear definition of globalization. We set up a number of criteria and formulate hypotheses about globalization that we explore for Swedish export flows during the years 1965-2000. Globalization, in this study, is referred to as increases in country diversity, extended transport radii, less effect of distance on trade flows, and the ratio of exports to the importing countries’ incomes. The results from the empirical analysis do not support the hypotheses of increasing trade globalization. It is rather the case that export flows are becoming more internationally regionalized.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Human Capital and Agglomeration
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics Of Knowledge And Talent. - : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. - 9781848443280 - 9781781953549 ; , s. 1-24
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction - human capital and agglomeration
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics of Knowledge and Talent: Local Advantage in a Global Context. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.. - 9781781953549 - 9781848443280 ; , s. 1-24
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Nyström, Kristina
(författare)
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Regional Institutional Environment and New Firm Formation
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics of Knowledge and Talent. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848443280 - 9781781953549
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kristina Nyström This chapter uses an institutional approach to investigate the relationship between the regional institutional environment and regional new firm formation. The importance of perceived attitudes regarding private enterprises, local taxes, political majority, the size of the government sector and perceived rules and bureaucracy on new firm formation in 286 Swedish municipalities is investigated. The empirical findings show that perceived positive attitudes toward private enterprises and political governance by a right-bloc majority tend to have positive effects on regional new firm formation. A large local government sector, on the other hand, tends to have negative effects on regional new firm formation. The chapter also explores if the effect of different aspects of regional institutional environment on new firm formation are similar across industries. The pattern in the private service sector industries is most similar to the overall pattern in the economy, while the only variable reflecting the regional institutional environment that influences new firm formation in manufacturing industries is perceived rules and bureaucracy. 8.1 INTRODUCTION Political and economic institutions underlie and determine the incentive structure in a society. Hence they importantly affect economic performance in a society (North, 1991, 1994). It is undoubtedly the case that the quality of institutions plays an important role for creating economic growth (see e.g. Acemoglu et al., 2001; Rodrik et al., 2004). Stimulating entrepreneurship is by many policy makers regarded as an important way to achieve economic growth. However, as recognized by Wennekers and Thurik (1999), the link between individual micro-level foundations...
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Michael
(författare)
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Free versus monitored job search in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics of Knowledge and Talent. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781781953549 - 9781848443280 ; , s. 194-209
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both jobseekers and vacancies are spatially distributed. A jobseeker has accessibility to vacancies and a vacancy has accessibility to applicants, and these accessibility measures vary across locations. Left alone, an individual most often prefers to search for a job close to the present home address. The unemployment benefit rules state rather strict mobility requirements. Using these rules changes the accessibility measures at all places. In other words, monitoring job search affects both the search intensity and the level of competition. This directly affects where a jobseeker finds a job. It is shown that an increased mobility follows from a strict usage of the rules. The increased mobility of individuals implies additional transfer of knowledge and ideas.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Firm performance and international trade : Evidence from a small open economy
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics Of Knowledge And Talent. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848443280 ; , s. 320-342
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite a growing interest in firm-level analyses of international trade from both theorists and empiricists, papers providing thorough analyses of firms' trading activities and their relation to firm performance are rare. The literature is dominated by stylized facts from the USA, a large country with a significant share of the world market. This chapter resolves this imbalance and presents a comprehensive analysis of Swedish firms' trade. Sweden is a small open economy with a limited domestic market. Its neighbour countries have similar traits (language, culture, formal and informal institutions) and Swedish firms presumably face low entry costs not only to the rest of Scandinavia but also the Baltic countries. Sweden thus constitutes an interesting case. The chapter makes a twofold contribution: (1) based on detailed data on Swedish firms over a sequence of periods, we present stylized facts about their engagement in international trade and contrast them to findings from other countries, the USA in particular. Our data cover information on both export and import activities across products and markets for each and every firm, such that we can provide a complete picture of the firms' international trading activities and their variation across products and markets; (2) we extend previous analyses by examining the elasticity of productivity with respect to both export and import activities, respectively. Moreover, we perform static panel estimations (ordinary fixed effects) and dynamic estimations using the Arellano-Bond estimation procedure. We find evidence of both 'learning by exporting' and 'learning by importing', the former being stronger than the latter. Our findings on 'learning by importing' are consistent with previous research pointing to trade in intermediate capital goods being a significant vehicle for international technology diffusion.
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| 9. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-
(författare)
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Imports, R&D and Local Patent Production
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics Of Knowledge And Talent Local Advantage in a Global Context. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848443280 ; , s. 343-368
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the effects of national and international knowledge flows on innovative activity. Therefore a knowledge production function is estimated with patent applications in Swedish municipalities as the measure of innovation. The knowledge resources applied are R&D investments and high-valued imports. In order to account for the importance of proximity, the knowledge resources are expressed as accessibilities. The total accessibility of a municipality is decomposed into local, intraregional and interregional accessibility. The main results indicate that knowledge resources in a given municipality tend to have a positive effect on the innovative activity of another municipality, given that the municipalities belong to the same functional region. Thus the results of the analysis indicate that knowledge flows transcend municipal borders, but that they tend to be bounded within functional regions. This result holds for both R&D investments and high-valued import products.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge, creativity and regional development
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Regional Economics of Knowledge and Talent. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848443280 ; , s. 27-62
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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