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- A., Johnsson, et al.
(författare)
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Physical inactivity increases the risk of endometrial cancer and premenopausal breast cancer
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 75:15 Suppl
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity reduces the risk of cancer. Physical inactivity or sedentary behavior, has recently been suggested as a risk factor independent of physical activity level. Breast and endometrial cancer incidence have both been associated with physical activity, and endometrial cancer incidence with physical inactivity/sedentary behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate physical inactivity as a risk factor for breast cancer, divided into pre- and postmenopausal subtypes, and for endometrial cancer, and to explore possible dose-response relations regarding the level of physical inactivity. Methods. In a population-based prospective cohort study, 29 520 women in the southern part of Sweden, in ages between 25 and 64 years, participated. A questionnaire-based survey was performed 1990-92. Their reported professions were classified as sedentary or not which together with reported participation in competitive sports constituted the basis for classification into three activity-levels; (1) physical inactivity, defined as having sedentary occupation and no participation in competitive sports, (2) partly inactive, defined as either having a sedentary occupation or non- participation in competitive sports, (3) Physical active, defined as not having a sedentary occupation and participation in competitive sports. The association between physical inactivity and pre and postmenopausal breast and endometrial cancer incidence were analyzed by Cox regression, adjusted for hormonal factors, family history of cancer, body mass index (BMI) and age. Results. Physical inactive women had a significantly increased risk of endometrial cancer (HR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.14-5.11) and premenopausal breast cancer (HR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.14-5.02), compared with women who were less physical inactive. No such association was found for postmenopausal breast cancer. Analysis of linear trend showed a significant dose-response relationship with increased risk of both premenopausal breast cancer (ptrend 0.02) and endometrial cancer (ptrend
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| 2. |
- Fahrenholtz, I. L., et al.
(författare)
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Within-day energy deficiency and reproductive function in female endurance athletes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 28:3, s. 1139-1146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to estimate and compare within-day energy balance (WDEB) in athletes with eumenorrhea and menstrual dysfunction (MD) with similar 24-hour energy availability/energy balance (EA/EB). Furthermore, to investigate whether within-day energy deficiency is associated with resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, S-cortisol, estradiol, T-3, and fasting blood glucose. We reanalyzed 7-day dietary intake and energy expenditure data in 25 elite endurance athletes with eumenorrhea (n=10) and MD (n=15) from a group of 45 subjects where those with disordered eating behaviors (n=11), MD not related to low EA (n=5), and low dietary record validity (n=4) had been excluded. Besides gynecological examination and disordered eating evaluation, the protocol included RMR measurement; assessment of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood plasma analysis, and calculation of WDEB in 1-hour intervals. Subjects with MD spent more hours in a catabolic state compared to eumenorrheic athletes; WDEB<0kcal: 23.0hour (20.8-23.4) vs 21.1hour (4.7-22.3), P=.048; WDEB<-300kcal: 21.8hour (17.8-22.4) vs 17.6hour (3.9-20.9), P=.043, although similar 24-hour EA: 35.6 (11.6) vs 41.3 (12.7) kcal/kg FFM/d, (P=.269), and EB: -659 (551) vs -313 (596) kcal/d, (P=.160). Hours with WDEB <0kcal and <-300kcal were inversely associated with RMRratio (r=-.487, P=.013, r=-.472, P=.018), and estradiol (r=-.433, P=.034, r=-.516, P=.009), and positively associated with cortisol (r=.442, P=.027, r=.463, P=.019). In conclusion, although similar 24-hour EA/EB, the reanalysis revealed that MD athletes spent more time in a catabolic state compared to eumenorrheic athletes. Within-day energy deficiency was associated with clinical markers of metabolic disturbances.
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| 3. |
- Tornberg, Å.B, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Exercise Capacity in Female Elite Soccer Players
- 2017
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Ingår i: Open Access Journal of Exercise and Sports Medicine. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this project was to assess the effects of oral contraceptives (OC) on exercise capacity in female elite soccer players. Fourteen subjects (N=7 oral contraceptives users (OCU) + 7 non-OCU (N-OCU)) were recruited. An assessment of body composition was determined by Dual energy X ray absorptiometry and endogenous ovarian hormone concentrations in serum measured. A maximal treadmill test was performed to assess VO2, VCO2, blood glucose and blood lactate levels during exercise. The endogenous ovarian hormone concentrations were significantly lower among the OCU. After exercise testing OCU had significantly lower VO2 peak when normalised to total body weight or muscle mass, compared to the N-OCU. OCU had higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during submaximal exercise, indicating altered substrate utilization. The OCU had significant lower capillary blood glucose concentrations after exercise. The main finding of our study was that peak oxygen uptake was lower in female elite soccer players using OC than N-OCU, whether it is normalized to body weight or muscle mass. The difference appears to be related to effects on skeletal muscle metabolism.
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