| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Rationalization in meat cutting - Consequences on physical workload.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9126 .- 0003-6870. ; 43:6, s. 1026-1032
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meat cutting is associated with several ergonomic risk factors and a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The development of new production systems points to an increased degree of mechanization; instead of subdividing split carcasses of pigs with a knife, the halves are trisected by an electrical saw into 'sixth-parts', resulting in shorter work cycles for the workers. Recently, machine-directed line-production systems have been implemented. This study evaluates differences in the physical workload between the production systems. The postures and movements (inclinometry and goniometry) and muscular load (electromyography) of workers in the split-carcass- (five subjects), sixth-part- (ten) and line-production systems (five) were recorded. Most measures showed a statistically significant trend of declining physical exposure with increasing degrees of mechanization. For example, movement velocities of the upper arm were higher in the split-carcass system (50th percentile: mean 209°/s) than in the sixth-part (103°/s) and line production (81°/s). However, the latter two were not statistically significantly different. A novel method for quantifying posture variation, based on inclinometry, showed that the split-carcass system implied the highest variation of the upper arm postures "within-minute" (i.e., a high range of motion each minute), but the lowest "between-minute" (i.e., a low variation during the course of the workday). In conclusion, the physical workload in the line-production system was significantly lower than in the split-carcass one, and tended also to be lower than in the sixth-part system. However, there may be disadvantages in line production, such as machine-directed work pace and shorter work cycles.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Carlhed, Carina, 1967-
(författare)
-
Medicinens lyskraft och skuggor : ― om trosföreställningar och symbolisk makt i habiliteringen 1960–1980
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation examines the formation of specific groups, their interests and positions related to children with disabilities and their education and care in Sweden developed during 1960-1980. The theoretical framework is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory of social space, which assumes that social life is based on symbolic and cultural systems of beliefs with respectively specific doxas and symbolic economies. Consequently, the analysis has focused on the agents’ position-takings and their struggle for recognition and preferential rights of interpretations. The reconstruction of a “habilitation sphere” was conducted through agents, their positions of interests and position-takings as analytical tools. The positions were mainly reconstructed on articles in journals of 10 professional organizations covering 6 occupations and 4 disability organizations. The occupational groups were paediatric doctors/child psychiatrists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, social workers, psychologists and pre-school teachers. The other positions were related to the county council union, four disability organizations (DHR, FUB, RBU and HCK), two of which were parent organizations and in addition, the research field of social medicine. Other materials were e.g. reports of commissions of inquiry. In order to explore the social foundations of the occupational positions, materials from archives have been used. The conclusion shows the significance of: a) historical structures related to the exceptional position of medicine in society, the development of the Swedish health care system in general and the organizations of “special” children, b) commissions of inquiry as consecration authorities and processes of social mobilization, both important contributions in shaping symbolic economies, c) myths and ideologies in the exercising of symbolic power, d) alliances between the state and medicine, and between occupational groups and clients. The analysis also shows the strengths of the doxas which could work as a shield for the agents but also as obstacles for external agents when entering the habilitation sphere. The dissertation examines the formation of specific groups, their interests and positions related to children with disabilities and their education and care in Sweden developed during 1960-1980. The theoretical framework is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory of social space, which assumes that social life is based on symbolic and cultural systems of beliefs with respectively specific doxas and symbolic economies. Consequently, the analysis has focused on the agents’ position-takings and their struggle for recognition and preferential rights of interpretations. The reconstruction of a “habilitation sphere” was conducted through agents, their positions of interests and position-takings as analytical tools. The positions were mainly reconstructed on articles in journals of 10 professional organizations covering 6 occupations and 4 disability or-ganizations. The occupational groups were paediatric doctors/child psychiatrists, physiothera-pists, occupational therapists, social workers, psychologists and pre-school teachers. The other positions were related to the county council union, four disability organizations (DHR, FUB, RBU and HCK), two of which were parent organizations and in addition, the research field of social medicine. Other materials were e.g. reports of commissions of inquiry. In order to explore the social foundations of the occupational positions, materials from archives have been used. The conclusion shows the significance of: a) historical structures related to the exceptional position of medicine in society, the development of the Swedish health care system in general and the organizations of “special” children, b) commissions of inquiry as consecration authorities and processes of social mobilization, both important contributions in shaping symbolic economies, c) myths and ideologies in the exercising of symbolic power, d) alliances between the state and medicine, and between occupational groups and clients. The analysis also shows the strengths of the doxas which could work as a shield for the agents but also as obstacles for external agents when entering the habilitation sphere.
|
|
| 5. |
- Carlhed, Carina, 1967-
(författare)
-
Medicinens lyskraft och skuggor : ― om trosföreställningar och symbolisk makt i habiliteringen 1960―1980
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BAKGRUND Bakgrunden till denna avhandling är att erbjuda ett alternativt sätt att förstå habiliteringspraktik. Den teoretiska ramen i avhandlingen är Pierre Bourdieus fältteori, vilket innebär ett antagande att det sociala livet bygger på symboliska och kulturella trossystem med hithörande doxor, med egna slags symboliska ekonomier och dominansförhållanden. Analysen har inneburit att rekonstruera och analysera ett kampfält, det vill säga att studera agenter som företräder olika intressen och deras kamp för erkännande och tolkningsföreträde. Vad som framkommer i denna avhandling kan hjälpa till att belysa varför habiliteringen blev som den blev. SYFTE Avhandlingens syfte är att analysera trosföreställningar och symbolisk makt inom habiliteringsområdet - det vill säga det symboliska kraftfält som skapades av specifika gruppers formering, intressen och ställningstaganden kring barn och ungdomar med handikapp i Sverige under perioden 1960-1980. METOD Avhandlingen har en historiesociologisk ansats. I analysen har intressepositioner rekonstruerats utifrån tidskrifter som är knutna till fackförbund, intresseorganisationer samt till det socialmedicinska forskningsfältet. Bakom dessa tidskrifter finns således mobiliserade grupper som agerar kollektivt genom sina föreningar och förbund. Tidskrifterna är knutna till yrkesgrupper: läkare, sjukgymnaster, arbetsterapeuter, förskollärare, socionomer och psykologer samt till Förbundet för utvecklingsstörda barn, ungdomar och vuxna - FUB, Riksförbundet för Rörelsehindrade barn och ungdomar - RBU och Handikapporganisationernas centralkommitté - HCK (idag HSO). Även arkivmaterial avseende löner för de olika yrkesgrupperna har använts. Analysen har huvudsakligen rört gruppernas positioneringar i förhållande till den dominanta doxan men också den sociala basen för gruppernas positioner. RESULTAT Avhandlingens konklusion visar betydelsen av: a) historiska strukturer avseende medicinens särställning i samhället och utvecklingen av hälso- och sjukvården i stort samt omhändertagandet av barn med funktionshinder. b) offentliga utredningar som konsekrationsinstanser och sociala mobiliseringsprocesser var viktiga delar i uppbyggandet av symboliska ekonomier. c) myter och ideologier i utövandet av symbolisk makt. d) allianser mellan stat och medicinen samt mellan yrkesgrupper och klienter. Avhandlingen visar också styrkan i doxorna och vilka konsekvenser det kunde innebära att lämna ett socialt fält man var skolad inom. Samklangen mellan doxa och fält fanns inte riktigt i det nya sammanhanget, vilket innebär ett slags strukturella glapp. Konsekvenserna kunde vara att man hamnade i en parialiknande situation utan skydd från det fält man lämnade, likt en "avfälling" och dessutom att det mottagande fältet inte riktigt erkände dem. SLUTSATS Inom medicinens fält konstituerades under den här tidsperioden en "habiliteringssfär" där medicinens doxa var dominant. Genom sociala mobiliseringsprocesser och klassificeringsstrider bidrog dessa till skapandet av olika grupperingar, symboler och ömsesidiga erkännanden av vissa symboliska värden rörande hur man skulle se på omhändertagandet av barn med handikapp.BAKGRUND Bakgrunden till denna avhandling är att erbjuda ett alternativt sätt att förstå habiliteringspraktik. Den teoretiska ramen i avhandlingen är Pierre Bourdieus fältteori, vilket innebär ett antagande att det sociala livet bygger på symboliska och kulturella trossystem med hithörande doxor, med egna slags symboliska ekonomier och dominansförhållanden. Analysen har inneburit att rekonstruera och analysera ett kampfält, det vill säga att studera agenter som företräder olika intressen och deras kamp för erkännande och tolkningsföreträde. Vad som framkommer i denna avhandling kan hjälpa till att belysa varför habiliteringen blev som den blev. SYFTE Avhandlingens syfte är att analysera trosföreställningar och symbolisk makt inom habiliteringsområdet - det vill säga det symboliska kraftfält som skapades av specifika gruppers formering, intressen och ställningstaganden kring barn och ungdomar med handikapp i Sverige under perioden 1960-1980. METOD Avhandlingen har en historiesociologisk ansats. I analysen har intressepositioner rekonstruerats utifrån tidskrifter som är knutna till fackförbund, intresseorganisationer samt till det socialmedicinska forskningsfältet. Bakom dessa tidskrifter finns således mobiliserade grupper som agerar kollektivt genom sina föreningar och förbund. Tidskrifterna är knutna till yrkesgrupper: läkare, sjukgymnaster, arbetsterapeuter, förskollärare, socionomer och psykologer samt till Förbundet för utvecklingsstörda barn, ungdomar och vuxna - FUB, Riksförbundet för Rörelsehindrade barn och ungdomar - RBU och Handikapporganisationernas centralkommitté - HCK (idag HSO). Även arkivmaterial avseende löner för de olika yrkesgrupperna har använts. Analysen har huvudsakligen rört gruppernas positioneringar i förhållande till den dominanta doxan men också den sociala basen för gruppernas positioner. RESULTAT Avhandlingens konklusion visar betydelsen av: a) historiska strukturer avseende medicinens särställning i samhället och utvecklingen av hälso- och sjukvården i stort samt omhändertagandet av barn med funktionshinder. b) offentliga utredningar som konsekrationsinstanser och sociala mobiliseringsprocesser var viktiga delar i uppbyggandet av symboliska ekonomier. c) myter och ideologier i utövandet av symbolisk makt. d) allianser mellan stat och medicinen samt mellan yrkesgrupper och klienter. Avhandlingen visar också styrkan i doxorna och vilka konsekvenser det kunde innebära att lämna ett socialt fält man var skolad inom. Samklangen mellan doxa och fält fanns inte riktigt i det nya sammanhanget, vilket innebär ett slags strukturella glapp. Konsekvenserna kunde vara att man hamnade i en parialiknande situation utan skydd från det fält man lämnade, likt en "avfälling" och dessutom att det mottagande fältet inte riktigt erkände dem. SLUTSATS Inom medicinens fält konstituerades under den här tidsperioden en "habiliteringssfär" där medicinens doxa var dominant. Genom sociala mobiliseringsprocesser och klassificeringsstrider bidrog dessa till skapandet av olika grupperingar, symboler och ömsesidiga erkännanden av vissa symboliska värden rörande hur man skulle se på omhändertagandet av barn med handikapp.
|
|
| 6. |
- Grauers, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Candidate gene analysis and exome sequencing confirm LBX1 as a susceptibility gene for idiopathic scoliosis
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Spine Journal. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology. - 1529-9430 .- 1878-1632.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity affecting approximately 3% of otherwise healthy children or adolescents. The etiology is still largely unknown but has an important genetic component. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of common genetic variants that are significantly associated with idiopathic scoliosis in Asian and Caucasian populations, rs11190870 close to the LBX1 gene being the most replicated finding. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetics of idiopathic scoliosis in a Scandinavian cohort by performing a candidate gene study of four variants previously shown to be associated with idiopathic scoliosis and exome sequencing of idiopathic scoliosis patients with a severe phenotype to identify possible novel scoliosis risk variants. Study design: This was a case control study. Patient sample: A total of 1,739 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 1,812 controls were included. Outcome measure: The outcome measure was idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: The variants rs10510181, rs11190870, rs12946942, and rs6570507 were genotyped in 1,739 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 1,812 controls. Exome sequencing was performed on pooled samples from 100 surgically treated idiopathic scoliosis patients. Novel or rare missense, nonsense, or splice site variants were selected for individual genotyping in the 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls. In addition, the 5′UTR, noncoding exon and promoter regions of LBX1, not covered by exome sequencing, were Sanger sequenced in the 100 pooled samples. Results: Of the four candidate genes, an intergenic variant, rs11190870, downstream of the LBX1 gene, showed a highly significant association to idiopathic scoliosis in 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls (p=7.0×10−18). We identified 20 novel variants by exome sequencing after filtration and an initial genotyping validation. However, we could not verify any association to idiopathic scoliosis in the large cohort of 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls. We did not find any variants in the 5′UTR, noncoding exon and promoter regions of LBX1. Conclusions: Here, we confirm LBX1 as a susceptibility gene for idiopathic scoliosis in a Scandinavian population and report that we are unable to find evidence of other genes of similar or stronger effect.
|
|
| 7. |
- Hansson, Gert-Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical workload in various types of work: Part I. Wrist and forearm
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141. ; 39:1, s. 221-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quantitative relationship between exposure to physical risk factors and upper extremity work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UE-WMSDs) is virtually unknown. To explore the variation, objective measurements were derived in 43 types of work (686 individuals), using goniometry for the wrists and electromyography (EMG) for the forearm extensor muscles. The variations due to work were great for wrist movements, wrist positions, muscular rest, as well as peak load, ranging 1.4-54 degrees/s (flexion velocity; 50th percentile), -30 degrees-3 degrees (flexion angle; 50th percentile), 0.2-23% of time, and 3.4-41% of maximal EMG (90th percentile), respectively. Even within work categories, e.g. "repetitive industrial", there were large variations for all measures. Hence, classification without measurements has limited value. All movement measures were highly correlated (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar=0.82-0.99), but only weakly so to positions (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar = 0.01-0.43). Muscular rest and "static load" (10th percentile), were highly correlated (r(s) = -0.92), but not associated to peak load (90th percentile; vertical bar r(s)vertical bar= 0.05 and 0.08, respectively). Most low-velocity work was accompanied by much muscular rest; however, the low velocity for mouse-intensive computer-work meant very little rest. Technical measurements are suitable as exposure measures in epidemiological studies, as well as a base for decisions about interventions. The multidimensional character of exposure - wrist movements, wrist postures, muscular recovery, and peak load - has to be considered. Relevance to industry: Direct measurements provide objective and quantitative measures of the main physical risk factors for UE-WMSDs, appropriate for estimating the risk, as well as giving priority to, and evaluating, interventions. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hansson, Gert-Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical workload in various types of work: Part II. Neck, shoulder and upper arm
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141. ; 40:3, s. 267-281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the correlation between, and the variation in, various measures of exposure to potential risk factors for work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UE-WMSDs), physical workload was measured in 43 types of work (713 individuals), using inclinometry for the head and upper arms, and electromyography (EMG) for the trapezius muscles. Many exposure measures were highly correlated. Head flexion (90th percentile), extension (1st percentile), and movements (50th percentile); arm elevation (99th percentile) and movements (50th percentile); trapezius muscular rest (fraction of time) and peak load (90th percentile), constitute main exposure dimensions. The variations were large: head: flexion 9 degrees-63 degrees, extension -39 degrees-4 degrees, movements 2.3-33 degrees/s; arm: elevation 49 degrees-124 degrees, movements 3.0-103 degrees/s; trapezius: muscular rest 0.8%-52% of time, peak load 3.1%-24% of maximal EMC. Even within work categories, e.g. "repetitive industrial", there were large variations. Somewhat higher loads were recorded on the right as compared to the left side (differences: arm elevation 2, arm movements 19%; trapezius peak load 18%), but these were small compared to the differences due to work. There were high correlations between movements of arm and head (r(s) = 0.96), as well as arm and wrist (r(s) = 0.92), and between, on the one hand, trapezius muscular rest and peak load, and on the other, arm and head movements (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar = 0.47-0.62), as well as arm elevation (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar = 0.54-0.85), which has to be considered when assessing exposure-response relations. Relevance to industry: Direct measurements provide objective and quantitative data of the main physical risk factors for UE-WMSDs, appropriate for estimating the risk, as well as giving priority to and evaluating interventions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
