| 1. |
- Engström, Jon, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Service design in healthcare : a segmentation-based approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Service Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. - 1757-5818 .- 1757-5826. ; 33:6, s. 50-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The study aims to explore how segmentation as a methodology can be adapted to the healthcare context to provide a more nuanced understanding of the served population and to facilitate the design of patient-centric services.Design/methodology/approach - The study was based on a collaborative project with a national healthcare organization following the principles of action design research. The study describes the quantitative segmentation performed during the project, followed by a qualitative interview study of how segments correspond with patient behaviors in an actual healthcare setting, and service design workshops facilitated by segments. A number of design principles are outlined based on the learnings of the project.Findings - The segmentation approach increased understanding of patient variability within the service provider organization and was considered an effective foundation for modular service design. Patient characteristics and life circumstances were related to specific patterns of health behaviors, such as avoidance or passivity, or a persistent proactivity. These patterns influenced the patients' preferred value co-creation role and what type of support patients sought from the care provider.Practical implications - The proposed segmentation approach is immediately generalizable to further healthcare contexts and similar services: improved understanding of patients, vulnerable patients in particular, improves the fit and inclusivity of services.Originality/value - The segmentation approach to service design was demonstrated to be effective in a large-scale context. The approach allows service providers to design service options that improve the fit with individual patients' needs for support and autonomy. The results illuminate how patient characteristics influence health and value co-creation behaviors.
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| 2. |
- Flaig, Alexander, 1990-
(författare)
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Market-Shaping as Meta-Strategy : A Strategy of Strategies
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Markets are increasingly perceived as malleable systems constituted by actors that endogenously generate and shape the market. This view extends the traditional market view beyond the buyer-seller dyad and encompasses both directly market-related actors such as companies, suppliers, and buyers but also nonmarket actors such as regulators, lobbyists, journalists, activists, and the wider public. This alternative view has led to the emergence of market-shaping strategies, which refer to a focal company’s deliberate efforts to alter market characteristics, such as price levels or nonmarket elements, such as regulations, in its favor. Most descriptions of market-shaping strategies suggest that they influence both the market and nonmarket environments synergistically, and thus resemble the concept of an integrated strategy. However, given the systemic nature of markets, a company shaping a market may need to combine intended actions aimed at realizing the focal company’s market-shaping vision and emergent actions as response to emerging system dynamics. This implies that a market-shaping strategy may be constituted by different strategies with different but synergistic goals unified by the overarching goal of realizing the focal company’s market-shaping goal. In other words, a market-shaping strategy may be a strategy of strategies – a meta-strategy. Moreover, previous research has indicated the significant potential of market-shaping strategies to improve the financial performance of companies as well as the overall market performance by increasing market size, market growth and value creation. However, despite this potential, the notion of market-shaping strategies has remained conceptually and empirically underdeveloped. This dissertation seeks to improve our understanding of market-shaping strategies by analyzing the constituent dimensions of market-shaping strategies and by presenting new empirical insights into how such strategies are employed. Hereby, two papers synthesize extant literature on market-shaping to analyze and conceptualize the underlying process of market-shaping strategies as well as a typology of distinct market-shaping strategies. The other two papers provide new empirical evidence concerning the employment of market-shaping strategies by investigating the influence of market-shaping roles and capabilities on the market-shaping efforts of a focal company. Drawing on the findings in the appended papers, this dissertation examines market-shaping strategies from the perspective of a market, nonmarket, integrated, and meta-strategy to reduce the concept’s theoretical and conceptual ambiguity and enhance our conceptual and empirical knowledge of how market-shaping strategies are construed and employed. This dissertation proposes market-shaping to be a meta-strategy of different integrated strategies focused on shaping both the market and nonmarket environment, while mitigating system dynamics and pursuing the overarching goal of shaping a market. This meta-strategic perspective provides a more nuanced and structured approach to understanding market-shaping strategies, reducing ambiguity, and emphasizing the interrelations between different environments and strategies. Through this structured approach, the interrelations between the different environments and strategies are emphasized, rendering dynamics and synergies between the two more comprehensible and highlighting the necessity for systemic strategies. Thereby, this dissertation contributes to the literature on market shaping by providing a more detailed understanding of the nature and dimensions of market-shaping strategies, and how such strategies are employed by companies in practice. Through this effort, several theoretical and managerial implications are proposed as well as policy implications suggested that indicate a potential dark side of market-shaping strategies.
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| 3. |
- Gremyr, Ida, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Two routes of service modularization : advancing standardization and customization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Services Marketing. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0887-6045 .- 0887-6045. ; 33:1, s. 73-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - This study aims to investigate service modularization in a manufacturing firm, identifies service modularization processes and examines how these processes change the service module characteristics. Design/methodology/approach - The study is based on a longitudinal case study (2008-2017) of a manufacturing firm. The development of six service modules was analyzed using data from interviews with key informants, informal meetings and internal documentation. Findings - This study suggests five service modularization processes, and that service module characteristics, such as standardization and interconnectedness, change in different ways depending on the service modularization processes used. It further identifies two service modularization routes that each combine the service modularization processes in unique ways with replication as a key process to improve both standardization and customization. Practical implications - This study elaborates a framework for service modularization, which can serve as a guideline for developing service modules. It also highlights the differences between product and service modularization, suggesting that the role of service module characteristics such as standardization and customization is specific for services. Originality/value - This longitudinal case study (2008-2017) provides empirical evidence on service modularization and extends existing knowledge on service modularization processes and how they influence service module characteristics.
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| 4. |
- Haigh, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Optimising and comparing source-extraction tools using objective segmentation quality criteria
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. With the growth of the scale, depth, and resolution of astronomical imaging surveys, there is increased need for highly accurate automated detection and extraction of astronomical sources from images. This also means there is a need for objective quality criteria, and automated methods to optimise parameter settings for these software tools.Aims. We present a comparison of several tools developed to perform this task: namely SExtractor, ProFound, NoiseChisel, and MTObjects. In particular, we focus on evaluating performance in situations that present challenges for detection. For example, faint and diffuse galaxies; extended structures, such as streams; and objects close to bright sources. Furthermore, we develop an automated method to optimise the parameters for the above tools.Methods. We present four different objective segmentation quality measures, based on precision, recall, and a new measure for the correctly identified area of sources. Bayesian optimisation is used to find optimal parameter settings for each of the four tools when applied to simulated data, for which a ground truth is known. After training, the tools are tested on similar simulated data in order to provide a performance baseline. We then qualitatively assess tool performance on real astronomical images from two different surveys.Results. We determine that when area is disregarded, all four tools are capable of broadly similar levels of detection completeness, while only NoiseChisel and MTObjects are capable of locating the faint outskirts of objects. MTObjects achieves the highest scores on all tests for all four quality measures, whilst SExtractor obtains the highest speeds. No tool has sufficient speed and accuracy to be well suited to large-scale automated segmentation in its current form.
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| 5. |
- Kaipainen, Aku L, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in idiopathic intracranial hypertension : a literature review and validation of contemporary findings
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 163:12, s. 3353-3368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology related possibly to disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and characterised by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) causing optic nerve atrophy if not timely treated. We studied CSF dynamics of the IIH patients based on the available literature and our well-defined cohort.Method: A literature review was performed from PubMed between 1980 and 2020 in compliance with the PRISMA guideline. Our study includes 59 patients with clinical, demographical, neuro-ophthalmological, radiological, outcome data, and lumbar CSF pressure measurements for suspicion of IIH; 39 patients had verified IIH while 20 patients did not according to Friedman’s criteria, hence referred to as symptomatic controls.Results: The literature review yielded 19 suitable studies; 452 IIH patients and 264 controls had undergone intraventricular or lumbar CSF pressure measurements. In our study, the mean CSF pressure, pulse amplitudes, power of respiratory waves (RESP), and the pressure constant (P0) were higher in IIH than symptomatic controls (p < 0.01). The mean CSF pressure was higher in IIH patients with psychiatric comorbidity than without (p < 0.05). In IIH patients without acetazolamide treatment, the RAP index and power of slow waves were also higher (p < 0.05). IIH patients with excess CSF around the optic nerves had lower relative pulse pressure coefficient (RPPC) and RESP than those without (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our literature review revealed increased CSF pressure, resistance to CSF outflow and sagittal sinus pressure (SSP) as key findings in IIH. Our study confirmed significantly higher lumbar CSF pressure and increased CSF pressure waves and RAP index in IIH when excluding patients with acetazolamide treatment. In overall, the findings reflect decreased craniospinal compliance and potentially depleted cerebral autoregulation resulting from the increased CSF pressure in IIH. The increased slow waves in patients without acetazolamide may indicate issues in autoregulation, while increased P0 could reflect the increased SSP.
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| 6. |
- Kammonen, Aku, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive random fourier features with metropolis sampling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Foundations of Data Science. - : American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. - 2639-8001. ; 0:0, s. 0-0
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The supervised learning problem todetermine a neural network approximation $\mathbb{R}^d\ni x\mapsto\sum_{k=1}^K\hat\beta_k e^{{\mathrm{i}}\omega_k\cdot x}$with one hidden layer is studied asa random Fourier features algorithm. The Fourier features, i.e., the frequencies $\omega_k\in\mathbb{R}^d$,are sampled using an adaptive Metropolis sampler.The Metropolis test accepts proposal frequencies $\omega_k'$, having corresponding amplitudes $\hat\beta_k'$, with the probability$\min\big\{1, (|\hat\beta_k'|/|\hat\beta_k|)^\gamma\big\}$,for a certain positive parameter $\gamma$, determined by minimizing the approximation error for given computational work.This adaptive, non-parametric stochastic method leads asymptotically, as $K\to\infty$, to equidistributed amplitudes $|\hat\beta_k|$, analogous to deterministic adaptive algorithms for differential equations. The equidistributed amplitudes are shown to asymptotically correspond to the optimal density for independent samples in random Fourier features methods.Numerical evidence is provided in order to demonstrate the approximation properties and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm is testedboth on synthetic data and a real-world high-dimensional benchmark.
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| 7. |
- Kammonen, Aku, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Canonical quantum observables for molecular systems approximated by ab initio molecular dynamics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annales Henri Poincaré. - : Springer Nature. - 1424-0637 .- 1424-0661. ; 19, s. 2727-2781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known that ab initio molecular dynamics based on the electron ground state eigenvaluecan be used to approximate quantum observables in the canonical ensemble when the temperature is low compared tothe first electron eigenvalue gap. This work proves that a certain weighted average of the different ab initio dynamics, corresponding to each electron eigenvalue, approximates quantum observables for any temperature.The proof uses the semi-classical Weyl law to show thatcanonical quantum observables of nuclei-electron systems, based on matrix valued Hamiltonian symbols, can be approximated by ab initio molecular dynamics with the error proportional to the electron-nuclei mass ratio. The resultincludes observables that depend on correlations in time. A combination of the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product for quantum operators and Weyl's lawshows that the error estimate holds %for observables and Hamiltonian symbols that have three and five bounded derivatives, respectively, provided the electron eigenvalues are distinct for any nuclei positionand the observables are in diagonal form with respect to the electron eigenstates.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kammonen, Aku, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Canonical quantum observables for molecular systems approximated by ab inition molecular dynamics
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is known that ab initio molecular dynamics based on the electron ground state eigenvaluecan be used to approximate quantum observables in the canonical ensemble when the temperature is low compared tothe first electron eigenvalue gap. This work proves that a certain weighted average of the different ab initio dynamics, corresponding to each electron eigenvalue, approximates quantum observables for any temperature.The proof uses the semi-classical Weyl law to show thatcanonical quantum observables of nuclei-electron systems, based on matrix valued Hamiltonian symbols, can be approximated by ab initio molecular dynamics with the error proportional to the electron-nuclei mass ratio. The resultincludes observables that depend on correlations in time. A combination of the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product for quantum operators and Weyl's lawshows that the error estimate holds %for observables and Hamiltonian symbols that have three and five bounded derivatives, respectively, provided the electron eigenvalues are distinct for any nuclei positionand the observables are in diagonal form with respect to the electron eigenstates.
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| 10. |
- Kammonen, Aku, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHMS FOR CANONICAL ENSEMBLE OBSERVABLES
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We consider canonical ensembles of molecular systems. We propose four numerical algorithms for efficient computation of the canonical ensemble molecular dynamics observables. The four algorithms can each be efficient in different situations. For example in low temperatures we can make use of the fact that the lowest electron energy levels contributes most to the observable.
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