| 1. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 3. |
- Abidi, Syed Hani, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic and Drug-Resistance Analysis of HIV-1 Sequences From an Extensive Paediatric HIV-1 Outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In April 2019, an HIV-1 outbreak among children occurred in Larkana, Pakistan, affecting more than a thousand children. It was assumed that the outbreak originated from a single source, namely a doctor at a private health facility. In this study, we performed subtype distribution, phylogenetic and drug-resistance analysis of HIV-1 sequences from 2019 outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan. Methods: A total of 401 blood samples were collected between April–June 2019, from children infected with HIV-1 aged 0–15 years recruited into a case-control study to investigate the risk factors for HIV-1 transmission. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were generated from 344 blood plasma samples to determine HIV-1 subtype and drug resistance mutations (DRM). Maximum-likelihood phylogenetics based on outbreak and reference sequences was used to identify transmission clusters and assess the relationship between outbreak and key population sequences between and within the determined clusters. Bayesian analysis was employed to identify the time to the most recent common recent ancestor (tMRCA) of the main Pakistani clusters. Results: The HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF) 02_AG and subtype A1 were most common among the outbreak sequences. Of the treatment-naïve participants, the two most common mutations were RT: E138A (8%) and RT: K219Q (8%). Four supported clusters within the outbreak were identified, and the median tMRCAs of the Larkana outbreak sequences were estimated to 2016 for both the CRF02_AG and the subtype A1 clusters. Furthermore, outbreak sequences exhibited no phylogenetic mixing with sequences from other high-risk groups of Pakistan. Conclusion: The presence of multiple clusters indicated a multi-source outbreak, rather than a single source outbreak from a single health practitioner as previously suggested. The multiple introductions were likely a consequence of ongoing transmission within the high-risk groups of Larkana, and it is possible that the so-called Larkana strain was introduced into the general population through poor infection prevention control practices in healthcare settings. The study highlights the need to scale up HIV-1 prevention programmes among key population groups and improving infection prevention control in Pakistan.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Raza, Mohsin Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and characterization of zinc aluminate electrodes for supercapacitor applications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report, for the first time, the thorough electrochemical characterization of zinc aluminate spinel. Four different stoichiometric composition of zinc aluminate (ZnAl1.5O3.25, ZnAl2O4, ZnAl2.87O5.30, and ZnAl4O7) were prepared by solution combustion method. The obtained powders after calcination at 1000 °C were characterized through scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction to analyze the morphology, elemental composition and structure, respectively, of the zinc aluminate compositions. The electrodes were prepared by coating slurry of zinc aluminate, carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride on nickel foam in a ratio of 8:1:1. The electrochemical characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). ZnAl1.5O3.25 exhibited the highest specific capacity of 546 C/g at 1 mV/s and 336 C/g at 1 A/g, as appraised by CV and GCD analysis, respectively. EIS test revealed that ZnAl1.5O3.25 had the modest impedance value. The energy density value for ZnAl1.5O3.25 sample was 16.79 Wh/kg at 1 A/g with a power density of 179.9 W/kg. The as developed electrodes showed predominantly pseudo-capacitive charge storage mechanism.
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| 6. |
- Shah, Farooq Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis, and Gaussia luciferase Assay of triorganotin(IV)-based HCV inhibitors
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medicinal Chemistry Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1054-2523 .- 1554-8120. ; 24:4, s. 1635-1643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery and optimization of a novel triorganotin(IV) complexes with anti-HCV properties are presented. Organotin(IV) moiety has the ability to bind phosphate group of RNA backbone. The organotin(IV) moiety is bonded with ligands and groups, which are known for inhibiting HCV enzymes. Triorganotin(IV) complexes were synthesized and evaluated for their potency against HCV by using luciferase assay. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of Tributyltannic[3-(3',4'-dichlorophenylamido)propanoate] (compound 1) as a potent HCV inhibitor, with log IC50 values 0.79 nM in the cell-based assay. Triorganotin(IV) complexes containing chlorine and nitro group display higher potency. Gaussia luciferase Assay shows that among triorganotin(IV) derivatives, butyl substituted triorganotin(IV) complexes are more active than methyl- and phenyl-substituted complexes. HCV infection can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma, and is a major reason for liver transplantation. The worldwide prevalence of chronic HCV infection is estimated to be approaching 270-300 million people, but patients and physicians are still waiting for effective anti-HCV drugs. With this background, organotin(IV) complexes are synthesized and screened against HCV using Gaussia luciferase assay. Organotin(IV) complexes are selected due to their ability to interact with both DNA constituents and enzymes.
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| 7. |
- Shah, Farooq Ali, et al.
(författare)
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(Z)-3-[(2-Fluoroanilino)carbonyl]prop-2-enoic acid
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section E. - 1600-5368. ; 67, s. O393-U874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the title molecule, C10H8FNO3, the dihedral angle between the fluorophenyl group and the essentially planar [within 0.064 (3) angstrom] COC=CCOOH unit, which has a Z configuration, is 19.99 (14)degrees. There is an intramolecular O-H center dot center dot center dot O bond in the molecule involving the acid -OH group and the adjacent carbonyl O atom. In the crystal, intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot O bonds lead to the formation of polymer chains propagating along [011].
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