| 1. |
- Radon, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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What happens when retail meets research? : Special session
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- special session InformationWe are witnessing the beginning of a seismic shift in retail due to digitalization. However, what is meant by digitalization is less clear. Sometimes it is understood as means for automatization and sometimes it is regarded as equal to e-commerce. Sometimes digitalization is considered being both automatization and e-commerce trough new technology. In recent years there has been an increase in Internet and mobile devise usage within the retail sector and e-commerce is growing, encompassing both large and small retailers. Digital tools such as, new applications are developing rapidly in order to search for information about products based on price, health, environmental and ethical considerations, and also to facilitate payments. Also the fixed store settings are changing due to digitalization and at an overall level; digitalization will lead to existing business models being reviewed, challenged and ultimately changed. More specifically, digitalization has consequences for all parts of the physical stores including customer interface, knowledge creation, sustainability performance and logistics. As with all major shifts, digitalization comprises both opportunities and challenges for retail firms and employees, and these needs to be empirically studied and systematically analysed. The Swedish Institute for Innovative Retailing at University of Borås is a research centre with the aim of identifying and analysing emerging trends that digitalization brings for the retail industry.
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| 2. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Response of Lithium Formate EPR Dosimeters at Photon Energies Relelvant to Brachytherapy
- 2009
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Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642034725 - 9783642034749 ; , s. 236-239
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- After development of sensitive dosimeter materials Electron Paramagnetic Resonance EPR dosimetry has been successfully used also in radiation therapy. The intensity of the EPR-signal is a measure of the amount of free radicals created by ionizing radiation which is proportional to the absorbed dose in the dosimeter. Lithium formate monohydrate is a dosimeter material with 2-6 times higher sensitivity than alanine, a linear dose response over a wide dose range and mass-energy absorption properties similar to water. These properties make lithium formate promising for verification of absorbed doses around high dose rate brachytherapy sources where the dose gradient is steep and the photon energy distribution changing with distance from the source. Calibration of the dosimeters is performed in 60Co or MV photon beams where high dosimetric accuracy is feasible. The use in brachytherapy field relies on the assumption that the production of free radicals per mean absorbed dose in the dosimeter is similar at the lower photon energies present there. The aim of this work was to test that assumption. The response of the dosimeters as a function of photon energy was determined by irradiations with four x-ray qualities in the range 100-250 kV and 137Cs, relative to the response when irradiated with 60Co, all photon beams with well-known air kerma rates at the Swedish Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory. Monte Carlo simulations were used to convert air kerma free in air to mean absorbed dose to the dosimeter. The measured response relative 60Co as a function of photon energy was below unity for all qualities. The maximum deviation from unity was 2.5% (100 kV, 135 kV) with a relative standard deviation of 1.5% (k = 1).
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| 3. |
- Alm, Håkan, 1968-
(författare)
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External relations in the product development process : a study of biotechnology firms in Sweden
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how and why firms use external relations and collaboration in the innovation process. These issues are discussed at both industry and firm levels. Both transaction cost economics and evolutionary/competence-based theories of the firm have been used and combined in order to understand and explain how and why external relations and collaboration are related to product development processes. These issues are rooted in the broader question concerning what determines the boundaries of firms. The empirical case material focuses on biotechnology-related human health care in Sweden.The empirical part of this study starts with a mapping of Swedish-based biotechnology firms involved in R&D. A database (BioSweden) was built in order to identify these firms' patterns of external relations. These patterns and fmdings are then related to a theoretical discussion about whether different types of firms develop different paths and patterns of external relations depending on differences in characteristics in technology and markets.These issues have also been investigated at the firm level, using a multiple-case study of 15 biotechnology firms. In this part the firms' origin and development over time are studied in order to shed more light onto how and why product development processes are related to in-house R&D and different types of external relations.The findings indicate that choices about governance modes related to product development are influenced by internal capabilities, resources, and competencies as well as technological and markets characteristics. It has also been shown that such choices are strongly influenced by firms' capabilities to interact with other organizations.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson Tedgren, Åsa, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of absorbed dose to water around a clinical HDR 192-Ir source using LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs demonstrates an LET dependence of detector response
- 2012
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Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - USA : American Association of Physicists in Medicine. - 0094-2405. ; 39:2, s. 1133-1140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Experimental radiation dosimetry with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), calibrated in a (60)Co or megavoltage (MV) photon beam, is recommended by AAPM TG-43U1for verification of Monte Carlo calculated absorbed doses around brachytherapy sources. However, it has been shown by Carlsson Tedgren et al. [Med. Phys. 38, 5539-5550 (2011)] that for TLDs of LiF:Mg,Ti, detector response was 4% higher in a (137)Cs beam than in a (60)Co one. The aim of this work was to investigate if similar over-response exists when measuring absorbed dose to water around (192)Ir sources, using LiF:Mg,Ti dosimeters calibrated in a 6 MV photon beam.Methods: LiF dosimeters were calibrated to measure absorbed dose to water in a 6 MV photon beam and used to measure absorbed dose to water at distances of 3, 5, and 7 cm from a clinical high dose rate (HDR) (192)Ir source in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) phantom. Measured values were compared to values of absorbed dose to water calculated using a treatment planning system (TPS) including corrections for the difference in energy absorption properties between calibration quality and the quality in the users' (192)Ir beam and for the use of a PMMA phantom instead of the water phantom underlying dose calculations in the TPS.Results: Measured absorbed doses to water around the (192)Ir source were overestimated by 5% compared to those calculated by the TPS. Corresponding absorbed doses to water measured in a previous work with lithium formate electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimeters by Antonovic et al. [Med. Phys. 36, 2236-2247 (2009)], using the same irradiation setup and calibration procedure as in this work, were 2% lower than those calculated by the TPS. The results obtained in the measurements in this work and those obtained using the EPR lithium formate dosimeters were, within the expanded (k = 2) uncertainty, in agreement with the values derived by the TPS. The discrepancy between the results using LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs and the EPR lithium formate dosimeters was, however, statistically significant and in agreement with the difference in relative detector responses found for the two detector systems by Carlsson Tedgren et al. [Med. Phys. 38, 5539-5550 (2011)] and by Adolfsson et al. [Med. Phys. 37, 4946-4959 (2010)].Conclusions: When calibrated in (60)Co or MV photon beams, correction for the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of LiF:Mg,Ti detector response will be needed as to measure absorbed doses to water in a (192)Ir beam with highest accuracy. Such corrections will depend on the manufacturing process (MTS-N Poland or Harshaw TLD-100) and details of the annealing and read-out schemes used.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Löfgren, Håkan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Betyg i årskurs 4 : ett forskningsunderlag om bedömningspraktikerna på skolor som deltagit i försöksverksamhet med tidig betygssättning
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här rapporten redovisas en kvalitativ studie av försöksverksamheten med betyg från årskurs 4. Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur bedömningspraktikerna ter sig och formas på fem av de skolor som deltog i försöksverksamheten mellan år 2017 – 2020, samt på två referensskolor som inte deltar i försöket. I följande sammanfattning ges korta svar på studiens frågeställningar samt hänvisningar till de delar av rapporten som behandlar respektive frågeställning. Först ges en sammanfattande bild av skolornas bedömningspraktiker, därefter pekar vi på några förändringar i försöksskolornas bedömningspraktiker och avslutningsvis presenteras de viktigaste skillnaderna i bedömningspraktikerna på försöks-, respektive referensskolorna. En del av dessa skillnader motsvaras av förändringar i försöksskolornas bedömningspraktiker. Det är viktigt att beakta att samtliga försöksskolor som ingår i studien, förutom en, är friskolor och att elevernas meritvärden på de skolorna överlag är höga (se Metodval och studiens genomförande och Resultaten i förhållande till studiens urval i denna rapport).
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| 7. |
- Löfgren, Håkan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Delighted to be governed : Teachers’ experiences of moderation as an expression of a more delimited but sharper professionalism?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstract book. - Gothenburg, Sweden : University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 227-228
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interest in this paper is directed towards teachers’ experiences of collaboration, in particular of moderation when marking national tests. The purpose is to describe and discuss these experiences as expressions of a teaching profession in change.The point of departure is that the now extended national testing in Sweden also increases the demands on moderation as the teachers are supposed to mark the tests together. The National Agency for Education stress that the tests are intended to "support equal and fair assessment and grading", and delivers samples, instructions and examples on how the tests should be marked. Teachers are also supplied with advisory texts on how to conduct moderation. This we regard as a part of a growing interest by the state to control and evaluate schools and teachers’ performances, and of parent’s claims on fair assessments and grades for their children.Collaboration is thus recommended in policy and what we might call professional tools for assessment is provided by the state. This development supports descriptions of teaching in terms of an organizational form of professionalism based on external control and accountability at the expense of a loss of a professional autonomy. However, we believe that teachers’ moderation when marking national tests also needs to be described as an expression of an occupational form of professionalism that is based on teachers’ collegial authority, self-control, ethics and trust. Interviews were conducted with teachers about their collaborative work in general and more specifically on their joint marking of national tests. Further, we have conducted observations of teachers moderation work when marking national tests. The interviews were audio recorded and fully transcribed.The results indicate that teachers use the state-provided tools with enthusiasm and express a commitment to their collaborative work. We argue that they develop a collective professional knowledge in their moderation work with national tests. In this sense, they express a kind of state-directed professionalism that we describe as sharp but delimited and definitely different from the wider kinds of professionalism that has been described as a result of a “chock professionalization”.
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| 8. |
- Patten, Christopher J.D. 1968-
(författare)
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Cognitive Workload and the Driver : Understanding the Effects of Cognitive Workload on Driving from a Human Information Processing Perspective
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral dissertation in psychology focuses on present day transport research issues. Society is affected by the way that our transport system works. In one way or another, the use of the transport system involves different levels of human involvement and control.The main focus of this dissertation is to understand some important effects of cognitive workload on driving. The driver’s cognitive workload is related to human information processing capacity and the use and allocation of the driver’s attention. In-vehicle technologies are of particular interest in the context of driver workload and human information processing.The rationale of this thesis starts with the need to explore and develop a sensitive and objective measure of cognitive workload using the peripheral detection task (PDT) method. The next step continues to study the effects of cognitive workload on the human information processing stages (HIPS) framework and the way in which human information processing can be affected by performance shaping factors (PSFs). One of the PSFs had a beneficial effect on performance (experience) and one had a detrimental effect on performance (distraction).In summary, it is clear that the human driver is limited in the number and the complexity of the tasks he or she can perform at any given time. Moreover, making mistakes, to err, is part of being human; we are fallible. It is impossible to eliminate all driver error so it is therefore important to create an environment for the driver so that his or her slips, lapses and mistakes can be detected and recovered.
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| 9. |
- Radon, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetrical Relationships in Online Payment Solutions
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dahlberg et al. (2008:165) in their paper proposed a definition for mobile payments as "payments for goods, services, and bills with a mobile device by taking advantage of wireless and other communication technologies", this in order to clarify the concept of mobile payments in particular, that had been subject to different interpretations. In this paper mobile payments are not specifically distinguished from other types of payments that occur online.After Dahlberg et als review (2008) several other literature reviews about mobile payments have been written. Such as Slade et al. (2013), de Albuquerque et al. (2014) and Dennehy and Sammon (2015) but the literature on relationships between payment provider and customer in an online context is quite scares.Asymmetrical relationships have been identified in the context of online payment solutions. Providers are turning more to service and debating how to offer better service and how to keep the customer as a customer for longer and how the customer can benefit more from the payment provider. The question of when a customer is converted into an actual customer arises. Some claiming it is when the transaction is completed, others that it is long after payment has been made. In light of this it is hard to see how the role online payment providers can expand but also how it will change when moving into a cashless society. The aim of this paper is to view online payment solutions in light of the relationships payment providers wish to establish and strengthen with their customer.Data has been generated through two focus groups, an online questionnaire and individual interviews. The in depth focus groups (2 with 5 participants in each) were analyzed and key areas were identified and a questionnaire was developed and distributed to customers of a provider of payment solutions (394 responses were gathered). After the questionnaire was analyzed and conclusions drawn, areas that needed to be further explored in-depth were identified. These areas were further explored through individual interviews. The methodology is characterized by using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to generate data.The results of the empirical material shows a desire, on the part of the provider of the payment solution to prolong the relationship but also that the customer has no wish to have a relationship with the provider or in some cases, doesn’t even view the provider as a partner/brand/etc. but merely as a means to and end or a facilitator of receiving a good or a service.This study is a comprehensive empirical framework on customer insight into online payments and issues connected to purchase as well as payment and potential relationships with payment solutions providers.ReferencesDahlberg, T., Mallat, N., Ondrus, J., Zmijewska, A., 2008b. Past, present and future of mobile payments research: {A} literature review. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 7 (2), 165–181.de Albuquerque, J. P., Diniz, E. H., Cernev, A. K., 2014. Mobile payments: A scoping study of the literature and issues for future research. Information Development, 1–27.Dennehy, D., Sammon, D., 2015. Trends in mobile payments research: A literature review. Journal of Innovation Management 3 (1), 49–61.Slade, E. L., Williams, M. D., Dwivedi, Y. K., 2013. Mobile payment adoption: Classification and review of the extant literature. The Marketing Review 13 (2), 167–190
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| 10. |
- Roos, John Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Covid-19 and Online Shopping of Groceries Across Generation Cohorts in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of World Conference on Information Systems for Business Management. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789819983452 - 9789819983469 ; , s. 151-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aims to explore online shopping of groceries across generation cohorts in Sweden during Covid-19, particularly regarding the oldest generation cohort—the Dutifuls (born 1945 or earlier). The data were collected through three large surveys, representative for the Swedish population in the age range 18–85. The field period for the first survey was September 17, 2018–January 21, 2019 (N = 1754). The field period for the second survey was April 14–June 28, 2020 (N = 2501). The field period for the third survey was September 20–December 30, 2021 (N = 1588). Online grocery shopping in Sweden has increased remarkably since the outbreak of Covid-19, especially among the Dutifuls. However, the same generation cohort decreased their online shopping of groceries in the end of 2021. The findings are discussed in relation to limitations and practical implications. The decline of online shopping of groceries among the Dutifuls needs to be followed-up and explained by further research.
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