| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Kalm-Stephens, Pia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Concurrence of elevated FeNO and airway hyperresponsiveness in nonasthmatic adolescents
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 55:3, s. 571-579
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate airway responsiveness and eosinophil and neutrophil inflammatory markers in clinically confirmed nonasthmatic adolescents with elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of type-2 inflammation in the airways.METHODOLOGY: A total of 959 subjects from a general population, aged 12 to 15 years, answered a standardised questionnaire and underwent FeNO measurements at a screening visit at school. Adolescents without asthma, who had elevated FeNO (FeNO100 > 15 ppb) (n = 19), and control subjects, with low FeNO (FeNO100 < 5 ppb) and without reported symptoms of asthma or allergy (n = 28), participated in a follow-up study where FeNO50 , airway responsiveness to methacholine (PD20 ), blood eosinophil counts, and serum neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured. Questionnaire follow-ups were performed 4 and 16 years later.RESULTS: Airway responsiveness (PD20 : 6.94 [1.87, 11.39] vs 11.42 [6.33, 59.4] µmol; P < .05) and blood eosinophil counts (0.31 [0.20, 0.44] vs 0.13 [0.1, 0.22] 109 /L; P < .001) (geometric mean [95% CI]) were higher among cases than controls. A significant correlation between blood eosinophils and FeNO was found (rho = 0.41; P = .005). In contrast, serum HNL and MPO were lower in cases than controls (P < .05 both), and there was a negative correlation between HNL and FeNO (r = -0.31; P = .04). At both follow-ups, a higher proportion of subjects reported allergic symptoms compared with baseline (P = .02, P = .01).CONCLUSIONS: Elevated FeNO in nonasthmatic adolescents was associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, elevated blood eosinophil counts, and lower systemic activation of neutrophils.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kalm-Stephens, Pia, 1959-
(författare)
-
Development of allergic and respiratory symptoms in adolescence and early adulthood : Risk factors and gender differences
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Asthma and allergic diseases have increased in prevalence for several decades and affect a substantial number of individuals in everyday life, as well as their families and public healthcare resources. Subjects with asthma report impaired self-rated health. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a marker of type 2 inflammation in the airways and higher levels may precede the development of allergic and respiratory disease.Aims: To investigate the development of allergic and respiratory symptoms in adolescence and early adulthood, and related baseline risk factors. Further, to study self-rated health in young adults with reported asthma.Methods: A total of 959 schoolchildren completed a standardized respiratory questionnaire and underwent lung function and FeNO measurements at baseline (12–15 years; early adolescence). Four (late adolescence) and sixteen (early adulthood) years later, 921 (96%) and 502 (52%) of these individuals completed a similar questionnaire. A total of 491 subjects participated in all three examinations. Nineteen clinically assessed non-asthmatic subjects with elevated FeNO and 28 control subjects with low FeNO and without symptoms of asthma or allergy in early adolescence were identified. Their FeNO, IgE sensitization, airway responsiveness, and inflammatory markers in blood and sputum were measured.Results: The main finding was that higher FeNO in early adolescence was associated with an increased risk of developing allergic symptoms to cat and dog, but not pollen allergens, during adolescence. Gender-stratified data showed that obesity at baseline in girls and an atopic constitution in boys were associated with increased risk of developing wheeze during adolescence. The prevalence of asthma and wheeze had increased in early adulthood, but the increase was significant only in females. Reduced lung function at baseline in females and higher FeNO in males were associated with an increased risk of incident asthma sixteen years later. The increase in allergic symptoms during this period was significant but without sex differences. Asthmatic females rated their health worse than non-asthmatic females, a difference not observed in males. Non-asthmatic adolescents with higher FeNO at baseline were to a higher extent sensitized, had more reactive airways, higher blood eosinophil counts, and lower systemic activation of neutrophils, compared with controls.Conclusions: It is important to detect risk factors for the development of allergic and respiratory diseases at an early stage to optimize health and wellbeing. Gender differences in respiratory development, associated risk factors, and treatment of respiratory symptoms must be taken into account.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kalm-Stephens, Pia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Different baseline characteristics are associated with incident wheeze in female and male adolescents
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109, s. 2324-2331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate the independent relationships between baseline characteristics and incident wheeze in adolescents, with particular regard to gender.METHODS: Adolescents (N = 959), aged 12-15 years, answered a standardised respiratory questionnaire and underwent height and weight measurements at baseline. Four years later, 96% of the subjects completed a similar questionnaire. The present study included the adolescents without self-reported wheeze at baseline (n = 795; 394 girls).RESULTS: The proportion of adolescents with obesity was higher among subjects with incident wheeze than among subjects who never reported wheeze: 19.1% vs 8.3%. When stratifying for gender, this difference was only found in girls. In stepwise logistic regression models (odds ratios [95% confidence interval]), obesity (2.84 [1.17-6.86]) and rhinitis (3.04 [1.53-6.03]) at baseline and current smoking (2.60 [1.16-5.82]) at follow-up were associated with incident wheeze in girls. For boys, FEV1 <-1.65 standard deviation (3.20 [1.04-9.79]), family asthma (3.16 [1.46-6.86]) and seasonal allergic symptoms (5.61 [2.56-12.27]) at baseline were independently associated with incident wheeze.CONCLUSION: Data stratified by gender showed that obesity in girls and an atopic constitution in boys were independently associated with increased risk of developing wheeze within four years.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kalm-Stephens, Pia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of asthma between adolescence and adulthood : early risk factors and gender differences
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Several studies have shown gender differences in the prevalence of asthma at various ages. The aim was to investigate the development of respiratory symptoms between adolescence and adulthood in relation to baseline risk factors and gender, and the effect on self-rated health. Methods: In the study Screening project asthma in schools, adolescents aged 12–15 years answered a standardised respiratory questionnaire (ISAAC) and underwent measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function (FEV1) at baseline. Two follow-ups with similar questionnaires were performed after four and 16 years, with 491 subjects participating in all three examinations. Results: The prevalence rates of asthma and wheeze were unchanged after four years, but had increased after 16 years; the increase was significant for females only. A more continuous increase in allergic symptoms showed no gender difference. The adjusted odds ratio [aOR (95% confidence interval)] for the development of asthma was 4.11 (1.27, 13.24) times higher in females with reduced FEV1 and 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) times higher in males with higher FeNO at baseline. Females, but not males, with asthma, rated their health as poor to a higher extent than individuals without asthma at the last follow-up, 20.0% vs. 7.7% (p < 0.01). Conclusions: An increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms was seen primarily between late adolescence and young adulthood, and was significant for females but not males. To optimise health and wellbeing, gender differences in asthma development, associated risk factors, and treatment of respiratory symptoms, must be considered.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kalm-Stephens, Pia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex differences in baseline risk factors for the incidence of asthma between early adolescence and young adulthood
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology. - : Esmon Publicidad, SA. - 1018-9068 .- 1698-0808. ; 33:1, s. 21-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown sex differences in the prevalence of asthma and a relationship to age. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the development of asthma, wheeze, rhinitis and allergic symptoms, between adolescence and adulthood. Furthermore, to determine if sex modifies the associations between baseline risk factors and incidence of asthma in early adulthood.METHODS: In the study Screening Project Asthma in Schools(SPAIS), adolescents aged 12-15 years answered a standardised respiratory questionnaire (ISAAC) and underwent measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function (FEV1) at baseline. Two follow-ups with similar questionnaires were performed after four and 16 years, with 491 subjects participating in all three examinations.RESULTS: The prevalence of asthma and wheeze were unchanged after four years, but had increased after 16 years. However, the increase was significant only for females. A more continuous increasein rhinitis and allergic symptoms showed no difference between the sexes. Sex interaction analysis showed that higher FeNO (p = 0.01) and family asthma (p = 0.02) increased the risk of incident asthma for males but not for females.CONCLUSION: An increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms was seen primarily between late adolescence and young adulthood, and was significant for females but not males. Allergic risk factors in early adolescence for incident asthma in early adulthood were confirmed in males but not in females. Awareness of these sex differences in the development of symptoms, and the associated risk factors, are important in clinical practice.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Zetterquist, Wilhelm, et al.
(författare)
-
Oral bacteria : the missing link to ambiguous findings of exhaled nitrogen oxides in cystic fibrosis
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 103:2, s. 187-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Nitrite in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been shown to be elevated in cystic fibrosis (CF), while exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is paradoxically low. This has been argued to reflect increased metabolism of NO while its diffusion is obstructed by mucus. However, we wanted to study the possible influence of salivary nitrite and bacterial nitrate reduction on these parameters in CF patients by the intervention of an anti-bacterial mouthwash. METHODS: EBC and saliva were collected from 15 CF patients (10-43 years) and 15 controls (9-44 years) before and 5 min after a 30s chlorhexidine mouthwash, in parallel with measurements of FENO. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations were measured fluorometrically. RESULTS: EBC nitrite, but not nitrate, was significantly higher in the CF patients (median 3.6 vs 1.3 microM in controls, p<0.05) and decreased after mouthwash in both groups (3.6-1.4 microM, p<0.01; 1.3-0.5 microM, p<0.01). Salivary nitrite correlated significantly to EBC nitrite (r=0.60, p<0.001) and decreased correspondingly after chlorhexidine, whereas salivary nitrate increased. FENO was lower in CF and the difference between patients and controls was accentuated after mouthwash (5.4 vs 8.4 ppb in controls, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: EBC nitrite mainly originates in the pharyngo-oral tract and its increase in CF is possibly explained by a regional change in bacterial activity. The limited lower airway contribution supports the view of a genuinely impaired formation and metabolism of NO in CF, rather than poor diffusion of the molecule.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
