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| 2. |
- Tingstedt, Bobby, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of Abdominal Adhesions - Present State and What's beyond the Horizon?
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 39:5, s. 259-268
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intra-abdominal adhesions are normally found after most surgical procedures. Many of the adhesions are asymptomatic, but in about 5% they will lead to readmission due to adhesion-related disorders, such as small bowel obstruction, pelvic pain and infertility. This review discusses possible ways to prevent abdominal adhesions and provides an update as comes to where we stand today in research regarding experimental and clinical use of various antiadhesive agents.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Karolin
(författare)
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Effectiveness of ecotechnologies in agriculture for the recovery and reuse of carbon and nutrients in the Baltic and boreo-temperate regions: a systematic map
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Agriculture is the main sector responsible for nutrient emissions in the Baltic Sea Region and there is a growing pressure to identify cost-effective solutions towards reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loads originating from farming activities. Recycling resources from agricultural waste is central to the idea of a circular economy, and has the potential to address the most urgent problems related to nutrients use in the food chain, such as depletion of natural phosphorus reserves, water pollution and waste management. This systematic map examined what evidence exists relating to the effectiveness of ecotechnologies in agriculture for the recovery and reuse of carbon and/or nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Baltic Sea region and other comparable boreo-temperate systems. Methods We searched for both academic and grey literature. English language searches were performed in 5 bibliographic databases and search platforms, and Google Scholar. Searches in 36 specialist websites were performed in English, Finnish, Polish and Swedish. The searches were restricted to the period 2013 to 2017. Eligibility screening was conducted at two levels: title and abstract (screened concurrently for efficiency) and full text. Meta-data was extracted from eligible studies including bibliographic details, study location, ecotechnology name and description, type of outcome (i.e. recovered or reused carbon and/or nutrients), type of ecotechnology in terms of recovery source, and type of reuse (in terms of the end-product). Findings are presented here narratively and in a searchable database, and are also visualised in a web-based evidence atlas (an interactive geographical information system). In addition, knowledge gaps and clusters have been identified in the evidence base and described in detail. Results We found 173 articles studying the effectiveness of 177 ecotechnologies. The majority of eligible articles were in English, originated from bibliographic databases and were published in 2016. Most studies with reported locations, and given our boreo-temperate scope, were conducted in Europe and North America. The three most prevalent ecotechnologies in the evidence base (collectively 40.7%) were; soil amendments, anaerobic digestion and (vermi)composting. Manure was the principal waste source used for recovery of nutrients or carbon, making up 55.4% of the all studies in evidence base, followed by a combination of manure and crop residues (22%). There were 51 studies with 14 ecotechnologies that reported on recovery of carbon and nutrients together, predominantly via (vermi)composting and anaerobic digestion. Only 27 studies focused on reuse of recovered nutrients and carbon through soil amendments. Conclusions This systematic map report provides an evidence base that can be useful for researchers and decision-makers in policy and practice working on transformation from linear to circular economy in the agricultural waste sector. Three potential topics for future systematic reviews are: (1) effectiveness of products recovered from different types of agricultural wastes as soil amendments or fertilizers; (2) effectiveness of anaerobic digestion as an ecotechnology used for recovery of nutrients and carbon; (3) effectiveness of composting and/or vermicomposting as ecotechnologies used for recovery of nutrients and carbon.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Karolin, et al.
(författare)
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Window dressing inequalities and constructing women farmers as problematic—gender in Rwanda’s agriculture policy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Agriculture and Human Values. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0889-048X .- 1572-8366. ; 39, s. 1245-1261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rwanda is often depicted as a success story by policy makers when it comes to issues of gender. In this paper, we show how the problem of gendered inequality in agriculture nevertheless is both marginalized and instrumentalized in Rwanda’s agriculture policy. Our in-depth analysis of 12 national policies is informed by Bacchi’s What’s the problem represented to be? approach. It attests that gendered inequality is largely left unproblematized as well as reduced to a problem of women’s low agricultural productivity. The policy focuses on framing the symptoms and effects of gendered inequality and turns gender mainstreaming into an instrument for national economic growth. We argue that by insufficiently addressing the socio-political underlying causes of gendered inequality, Rwanda’s agriculture policy risks reproducing and exacerbating inequalities by reinforcing dominant gender relations and constructing women farmers as problematic and men as normative farmers. We call for the policy to approach gendered inequality in alternative ways. Drawing on perspectives in feminist political ecology, we discuss how such alternatives could allow policy to more profoundly challenge underlying structural constraints such as unequal gender relations of power, gender norms, and gender divisions of work. This would shift policy’s problematizing lens from economic growth to social justice, and from women’s shortcomings and disadvantages in agriculture to the practices and relations that perpetuate inequality. In the long term, this could lead to transformed gender norms and power relations, and a more just and equal future beyond what the dominant agricultural development discourse currently permits.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Natalie, et al.
(författare)
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Inactivation of RB1, CDKN2A and TP53 have distinct effects on genomic stability at side-by-side comparison in karyotypically normal cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 62:2, s. 93-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromosomal instability is a common feature in malignant tumors. Previous studies have indicated that inactivation of the classical tumor suppressor genes RB1, CDKN2A and TP53 may contribute to chromosomal aberrations in cancer by disrupting different aspects of the cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoint machinery. We performed a side-by-side comparison of how inactivation of each of these genes affected chromosomal stability in vitro. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, RB1, CDKN2A and TP53 were independently knocked out in karyotypically normal immortalized cells, after which these cells were followed over time. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed a distinct phenotype with upregulation of pathways related to cell cycle control and proliferation in all three knockouts. Surprisingly, the RB1 and CDKN2A knocked out cell lines did not harbor more copy number aberrations than wild-type cells, despite culturing for months. The TP53-knocked out cells, in contrast, showed a massive amount of copy number alterations and saltatory evolution through whole genome duplication. This side-by-side comparison indicated that the effects on chromosomal stability from inactivation of RB1 and CDKN2A are negligible compared to inactivation of TP53, under the same conditions in a non-stressful environment, even though partly overlapping regulatory pathways are affected.
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| 6. |
- Bauden, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Novel anti-adhesive barrier Biobarrier reduces growth of colon cancer cells.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8673 .- 0022-4804. ; 191:1, s. 196-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postoperative peritoneal carcinomatosis together with adhesion formation are considered as two major clinical complications after resection of malignant abdominal tumors, jeopardizing the beneficial effect of the curative surgery. Biobarrier is a novel anti-adhesive barrier fulfilling the criteria for a good adhesion preventive agent, possessing biochemical properties that may enable it to function as a dual efficient device, reducing both adhesion and tumor development. This study aims to evaluate the effect of novel anti-adhesive device Biobarrier on intra-abdominal tumor progression.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, H., et al.
(författare)
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The Proportion Cured of Patients with Resected Stage II-III Cutaneous Melanoma in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple summary Patients diagnosed with stage II-III cutaneous melanoma (CM) are at high risk of recurrences, but the CM-specific survival ranges from approximately 40-70%. Here, the cure proportions and survival among uncured stage II-III CM patients were estimated. The 1- and 5-year relative survival ratios, cure proportions and the median survival times of uncured stage II-III CM patients in Sweden (n = 6466) were calculated based on data from the nationwide population-based Swedish Melanoma Register 2005-2013 with a follow-up through 2018. Proportions cured by surgery are low for sub-groups of stage II-III cutaneous melanoma showing that cure analyses can serve as a complement to established survival analyses. Background: Cure proportion represents the proportion of patients who experience the same mortality rate as the general population and can be estimated together with the survival of the proportion experiencing excess mortality (the uncured). The aim was to estimate the cure proportions and survival among uncured stage II-III cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients. Methods: 1- and 5-year relative survival ratios, cure proportions and the median survival times of uncured stage II-III CM patients in Sweden (n = 6466) were calculated based on data from the nationwide population-based Swedish Melanoma Register 2005-2013 with a follow-up through 2018. Results: Stages IIB and IIC showed significant differences in standardized cure proportions vs. stage IIA CM (0.80 (95% CI 0.77-0.83) stage IIA; 0.62 (95% CI 0.59-0.66) stage IIB; 0.42 (95% CI 0.37-0.46) for stage IIC). Significant differences in standardized cure proportions were found for stages IIIB and IIIC-D CM vs. stage IIIA (0.76 (95% CI 0.68-0.84) stage IIIA; 0.52 (95% CI 0.45-0.59) stage IIIB; 0.35 (95% CI 0.30-0.39) for stage IIIC-D). Conclusions: The results are emphasizing the poor prognosis with low proportions cured by surgery only for sub-groups of stage II-III CM, specifically within stages IIB-C CM.
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| 8. |
- Guldevall, Karolin, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging Immune Surveillance of Individual Natural Killer Cells Confined in Microwell Arrays
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:11, s. e15453-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New markers are constantly emerging that identify smaller and smaller subpopulations of immune cells. However, there is a growing awareness that even within very small populations, there is a marked functional heterogeneity and that measurements at the population level only gives an average estimate of the behaviour of that pool of cells. New techniques to analyze single immune cells over time are needed to overcome this limitation. For that purpose, we have designed and evaluated microwell array systems made from two materials, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicon, for high-resolution imaging of individual natural killer (NK) cell responses. Both materials were suitable for short-term studies (<4 hours) but only silicon wells allowed long-term studies (several days). Time-lapse imaging of NK cell cytotoxicity in these microwell arrays revealed that roughly 30% of the target cells died much more rapidly than the rest upon NK cell encounter. This unexpected heterogeneity may reflect either separate mechanisms of killing or different killing efficiency by individual NK cells. Furthermore, we show that high-resolution imaging of inhibitory synapse formation, defined by clustering of MHC class I at the interface between NK and target cells, is possible in these microwells. We conclude that live cell imaging of NK-target cell interactions in multi-well microstructures are possible. The technique enables novel types of assays and allow data collection at a level of resolution not previously obtained. Furthermore, due to the large number of wells that can be simultaneously imaged, new statistical information is obtained that will lead to a better understanding of the function and regulation of the immune system at the single cell level.
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| 9. |
- Isaksson, Karolin, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo toxicity and biodistribution of intraperitoneal and intravenous poly-L-lysine and poly-L-lysine/poly-L-glutamate in rats.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4838 .- 0957-4530. ; 25:5, s. 1293-1299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combination of two differently charged polypeptides, poly-L-lysine (PL) and poly-L-glutamate (PG), has shown excellent postsurgical antiadhesive properties. However, the high molecular, positively charged PL is toxic in high doses, proposed as lysis of red blood cells. This study aims to elucidate the in vivo toxicity and biodistribution of PL and complex bound PLPG comparing intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were used in a model with repeated blood samples within 30 min examining blood gases and blood smears. Similarly, FITC labelled PL were used to track bio distribution and clearance of PL, given as single dose and complex bound to PG after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. Tissue for histology and immunohistochemistry was collected. Blood gases and blood smears as well as histology points to a toxic effect of high dose PL given intravenously but not after intraperitoneal administration. The toxic effect is exerted through endothelial disruption and subsequent bleeding in the lungs, provoking sanguineous lung edema. FITC-labelled PL experiments reveal a rapid clearance with differences between routes and complex binding. This study advocates a new theory of the toxic effects in vivo of high molecular PL. PLPG complex is safe to use as antiadhesive prevention based on this toxicity study given that PL is always intraperitoneally administered in combination with PG and that the dose is adequate.
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