| 1. |
- Andersson, Mathias H, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of Using Multiple Sampling Methodologies for Estimating of Fish Community Composition in Offshore Wind Power Construction Areas of the Baltic Sea
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 36:8, s. 634-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is standard procedure that an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is conducted before larger constructions are built. To adequately describe the impact, methods used in an EIA should be carefully adapted considering both the character of the constructions under development and the environment that will be affected. Various sampling techniques are applied to estimate fish abundances and species composition. Methods used, including trawling, seine and gill netting, angling, echo-sound sampling, fishery data, video recordings, dredging, and visual counts using SCUBA, will all give different estimates of fish community composition.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Mathias H., 1976-
(författare)
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Man-made structures as habitat for marine faunal assemblages
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artificial reefs are structures placed in the sea to promote marine life. Although constructions such as oil-rigs, wind farms, bridges and pier pilings are built for other purposes, they could be regarded as artificial reefs as they add new surfaces in the oceans, susceptible to colonization by marine organism. One of the most common constructions in the oceans is cylindrical structures of different materials. Most research of artificial reefs has been conducted in tropical and temperate water and experience and conclusions cannot always be applied to colder waters. Man-made constructions are common in northern European seas, however, few studies are presented in the scientific literature on their impact on the marine ecosystem. The aim of this thesis was to study cylindrical structures of different scale and materials, in order to determine their effect on local fish, algae and sessile invertebrate assemblages. These structures were offshore wind turbines, and pillars of different materials (concrete and steel), situated at the Swedish east and west coast, respectively. They add vertical surfaces into the otherwise empty water column, increasing the probability for fish and invertebrate larvae as well as algae spores and propagules to encounter these high structures, compared to low profile natural or other artificial reefs. Fish species usually associated with rocky reefs and algae communities, i.e. the two spotted goby and the goldsinny-wrasse, showed an increase in abundance around the introduced cylindrical structures. Similar effect on fish species were found on both the Swedish east and west coast. The observed increase in fish densities seemed to be caused by added habitat since the pillars and wind turbines provide shelter from predators as well as increased food availability. The latter was either due to the fouling assemblage or change in water movement. The environment created by the introduced structures functions both as nursery and spawning areas since juveniles, adults and gravid fish were recorded in close association with the structures. The fouling community on the vertical surfaces did not resemble the natural assemblages and a difference in recruitment and succession on the pillars of different materials were observed. Further, dissimilar fouling assemblages were observed with other species dominating the assemblages on a fifty year old light-house foundation compared to the seven year old wind turbines, both located in the same area. The sessile filter feeding invertebrates located on the foundations have an advantage in food accessibility towards individuals at the seabed, as the organisms on the foundations are constantly susceptible to the water passing by. In addition, by adding offshore structures in areas previously lacking hard surfaces, non-indigenous species could find new available habitat or the foundations can function as stepping stones into new geographical regions.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Mathias H., 1976-
(författare)
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Offshore wind farms - ecological effects of noise and habitat alteration on fish
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are large gaps in our understanding how fish populations are affected by the anthropogenic noise and the alteration of habitat caused by the construction and operation of offshore wind farms. These issues are of great importance as the construction of offshore wind farms will increase all over the world in the near future. This thesis studies these effects with a focus on fish. The wind turbine foundations function as artificial reefs and are colonized by invertebrates, algae and fish. The epibenthic assemblages are influenced by factors such as hydrographical parameters, time of submergence, distance to natural hard bottom, material and texture (PAPER I, II). Once an epibenthic assemblage has been developed, fish utilize it for different ecosystem services such as food, shelter, and spawning and nursery area. Benthic and semi-pelagic species show a stronger response to the introduced foundation than pelagic species, as it is the bottom habitat that has mainly been altered (PAPER I, II). Pelagic species could be positively affected by the increased food availability - but it takes time and the effect is local. Construction noise like pile driving creates high levels of sound pressure and acoustic particle motion in the water and seabed. This noise induces behavioural reactions in cod (Gadus morhua) and sole (Solea solea). These reactions could occur up to tens of kilometres distance from the source (PAPER III). During power production, the wind turbines generate a broadband noise with a few dominating tones (PAPER IV, V), which are detectable by sound pressure sensitive fish at a distance of several kilometres even though intense shipping occurs in the area. Motion sensitive species will only detect the turbine noise at around a ten meter distance. Sound levels are only high enough to possibly cause a behavioural reaction within meters from a turbine (PAPER IV, V).
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Mathias H, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Swimming Behavior of Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Response to Wind Power Noise and Single-tone Frequencies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 36:8, s. 636-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-induced underwater noise is drastically increasing as the result of offshore installations and human activities in the marine environment. Many of these structures and activities produce low-frequency noise that could potentially disturb or have harmful effects on several species of teleost fishes. Within the next decade, thousands of wind turbines will be in use in coastal and offshore waters and there is increasing concern on how they may influence marine life. The aims of this study were to examine how swimming behavior of roach (Rutilus rutilus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were influenced by single-frequency sounds and noise generated by an offshore wind turbine, and the function of sound pressure level.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskeriundersökning vid Lillgrund : Kontrollprogram för Lillgrunds vindkraftspark
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regeringen gav 2001 tillstånd till uppförande av en vindkraftpark på Lillgrund i Öresund. Underökningarna i det uppföljningsprogram för eventuella effekter på fisk och fiske som tagits fram, omfattar både en period före anläggandet av vindkraftparken och tre år efter idrifttagandet. Programmets provfisken och datainsamling startade med en baslinjestudie under åren 2002 till 2005. Lillgrunds vindkraftpark, med 48 vindkraftverk, togs i full drift i början av år 2008. I föreliggande rapport presenteras de undersökningar som utförts under parkens första driftsår, samt hur dessa förhåller sig till undersökningsresultaten perioden före vindkraftparkens etablering. Utförandet är integrerat med forskningsprogrammet Vindval som finansieras via Naturvårdsverket. Både bentisk och pelagisk fisk ingår i undersökningarna liksom fiskvandring.
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| 7. |
- Brodin, Yngve, et al.
(författare)
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The marine splash midge Telmatogonjaponicus (Diptera; Chironomidae)—extreme and alien?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 11:6, s. 1311-1317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We found all developmental stages of the midge offshore windmills near the major Swedish seaport Kalmar in the southern Baltic Sea. This might be the first record of an insect species really inhabiting the offshore areas of the Baltic Sea. A thorough analysis of previous findings of the species, its history in Europe and its ecology indicates that Telmatogeton japonicus (Chironomidae) onT. japonicus quite likely is an alien species in Europe introduced from the Pacific Ocean. Shipping is probably the vector, as all records in the Baltic Sea and several from the Eastern Atlantic Sea are near major seaports. Our analysis further suggests that be both advantageous and disadvantageous to native species in the Baltic Sea. T. japonicus should be kept under observation within monitoring programmes as it might expand its distribution as a result of the construction of new windmills in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere in European marine and brackish water habitats.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sigray, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Partikelrörelser i vatten vid ett vindkraftverk : Akustisk störning på fisk
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett nytt mätinstrument har utvecklats och använts för att mäta ljudvågens partikelacceleration i vatten vid det nordligaste vindkraftverket vid Utgrundens vindkraftpark i Kalmarsund. Vindkraftsverkens fundament är av typen driven monopile. Mätresultaten har satts samman med audiogram och responsstudier för torsk, abborre, rödspotta och lax. Syftet har varit att få reda på hur fiskar uppfattar den uppmätta partikelaccelerationen. Studien visar att torsk, abborre, rödspotta och lax uppfattar partikelaccelerationen inom en radie på 10 meter från vindkraftverket. Uppmätta nivåer kommer sannolikt inte att utlösa ett reflexmässigt beteende. Utanför 10 meter uppfattar de studerade fiskarterna inte partikelaccelerationen från vindkraftsverken. Genom jämförelse mellan mätningar på olika fiskarter med uppmätta ljudnivåer (partikelacceleration) kan man dra slutsatsen att vindkraftverken vid Utgrunden inte ger upphov till negativa effekter på individuella fiskar. Trots det faktum att det saknas audiogram och esponsstudier på många fiskarter kan det förväntas att denna slutsats gäller för de flesta fiskarter i Östersjön. Det bör påpekas att endast partikelaccelerationens ffekter har studerats. Ljudtryckets effekter behandlas inte i rapporten.
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