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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Arrhenius, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Ensam och pervers
- 1995
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Arrhenius, Sara (red.)
(författare)
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Avgångsutställning 2022
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Catalouge of the Bachelor of fine arts and the Master of Fine arts graduate exhibition.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Backhaus, Thomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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SINGLE-SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURE TOXICITY OF FIVE PHARMACEUTICALS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS TO MARINE PERIPHYTON COMMUNITIES
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268. ; 30:9, s. 2030-2040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single-substance and mixture toxicity of five pharmaceuticals and personal care products (fluoxetine, propranolol, triclosan, zinc-pyrithione, and clotrimazole) to marine microalgal communities (periphyton) was investigated. All compounds proved to be toxic, with median effective concentration values (EC50s) between 1,800 nmol/L (triclosan) and 7.2 nmol/L (Zn-pyrithione). With an EC50 of 356 nmol/L, the toxicity of the mixture falls into this span, indicating the absence of strong synergisms or antagonisms. In fact, a comparison with mixture toxicity predictions by the classical mixture concepts of concentration addition and independent action showed a good predictability in the upper effect range. However, the mixture provoked stimulating effects (hormesis) in the lower effect range, hampering the application of either concept. An independent repetition of the mixture experiment resulted in a principally similar concentration-response curve, again with clear hormesis effects in the lower range of test concentrations. However, the curve was shifted toward higher effect concentrations (EC50 1,070 nmol/L), which likely is due to changes in the initial species composition. Clear mixture effects were observed even when all five components were present only at their individual no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs). These results show that, even with respect to mixtures of chemically and functionally dissimilar compounds, such as the five pharmaceuticals and personal care products investigated, environmental quality standards must take possible mixture effects from low-effect concentrations of individual compounds into consideration. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2030-2040. (C) 2011 SETAC
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| 8. |
- Brosché, Sara, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of two realistic pharmaceutical mixtures on natural freshwater periphyton communities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Europe annual meeting, 20-24 May 2006, Porto, Portugal.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade pharmaceuticals have been established as an important class of environmental pollutants. Main route of entry into the environment is from their regular use, which makes effluents from sewage treatment plants important sources of pollution. According to data from standard ecotoxicological tests, pharmaceuticals rarely pose an immediate risk at environmentally realistic concentrations. In reality though, pharmaceuticals act as mixtures on whole biological communities. Whether, and to what extent ecological effects can be expected under these circumstances is unknown. Hence we investigated the effects of two mixtures consisting of 15-20 pharmaceuticals on natural freshwater periphyton communities. The mixture compositions were based on effluent data from two sewage treatments plants, Ryaverket (Göteborg, Sweden) and Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne (Lyon, France). Effects on periphytic bacteria were measured as changes in metabolic diversity (Ecolog®). For the algal part of the communities, changes in pigment pattern and species composition were measured. Clear community-level effects were observed for the two mixtures
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| 9. |
- Porsbring, Tobias, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of clotrimazole on the pigment composition of marine periphyton communities for use in predictive ecological mixture toxicity assessment
- 2006
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Ingår i: SETAC Europe 16th Annual Meeting, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Clotrimazole is a pharmaceutic fungicide classified as persistent and toxic according to EU Technical Guidance Document, and reaches the marine environment mainly from municipal waste water treatment plants together with several other pollutants. In a project to assess mixture toxicity of pharmaceuticals on microbial communities, clotrimazole effects on the development of periphyton were measured in two independent SWIFT tests in 2004 and 2005. Microalgal communities were precolonised in the Gullmar fjord on the west coast of Sweden on 1.5 cm2 glass discs. Following a 96h incubation in a concentration series of clotrimazole, periphyton pigment profiles were analysed using HPLC, and effects were calculated as Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indices. In both tests, a clotrimazole concentration of 11 microg/l had a significant effect on pigment composition with a NOEC of 3.45 microg/l (nominal). This indicates an approximately 5 times higher clotrimazole toxicity to algae than single species data, although comparisons to PEC values suggests a low risk for marine algae. However, the importance of clotrimazole for the risks of mixtures is further researched.
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| 10. |
- Shannigrahi, Ardhendu Sekhar, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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n-Alkanoic monocarboxylic acid concentrations in urban and rural aerosols : Seasonal dependence and major sources
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atmospheric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095 .- 1873-2895. ; 143, s. 228-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report new data on the abundance and distribution of n-monocarboxylic acids (n-MCAs) in fine- and coarse-mode aerosols in rural and urban areas of Sweden, and determine their possible sources. Overall, C6–C16n-MCAs accounted for ~ 0.5–1.2% of the total PM10 (particulate matter ≤ 10 μm) mass. In general, the C12–C16 fraction was the most abundant (> 75%), with the exception of wintertime samples from a rural site, where C6–C11 acids accounted for 65% of the total C6–C16n-MCA mass. Positive matrix factorization analysis revealed four major sources of n-MCAs: traffic emissions, wood combustion, microbial activity, and a fourth factor that was dominated by semi-volatile n-MCAs.Traffic emissions were important in the urban environment in both seasons and at the rural site during winters, and were a major source of C9–C11 acids. Wood combustion was a significant source at urban sites during the winter and also to some extent at the rural site in both seasons. This is consistent with the use of wood for domestic heating but may also be related to meat cooking. Thus, during the winter, traffic, wood combustion and microbial activity were all important sources in the urban environment, while traffic was the dominant source at the rural site. During the summer, there was considerable day-to-day variation in n-MCA concentrations but microbial activity was the dominant source. The semi-volatile low molecular weight C6–C8 acids accounted for a small (~ 5–10%) fraction of the total mass of n-MCAs. This factor is unlikely to be linked to a single source and its influence instead reflects the partitioning of these compounds between the gas and particle phases. This would explain their greater contribution during the winter.
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