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| 2. |
- Asadollahi, Mojtaba, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnopharmacological studies, chemical composition, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils of eleven Salvia in Iran
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Herbal Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-8033 .- 2210-8041. ; 17-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical compositions of essential oils (EOs) of 11 Salvia species collected from different localities in Iran were analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS. Altogether, 58 compounds were identified. α- and β-Pinene, 1,8-cineol, β-caryophyllene and sclareol were detected as the major constituents. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the EOs were assessed against 3 human cancer cell lines (HT-29, MCF-7 and MOLT-4) using MTT reduction assay. The oils displayed weak to moderate cytotoxic activities. The antibacterial activities of the oils were assayed on three Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria by microdilution and agar disc diffusion methods. The antibacterial activities of the oils were compared with those previously reported for some of the sage species. Among the tested bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi were the most susceptible organisms with MICs 0.312 and 2.5 mg/ mL media against all of the tested EOs. The authors reviewed ethnopharmacological information published on Salvia species of the world and compared them with the data of those species which were used in the Iranian folk medicine. Among the Iranian sages, S. mirzayanii and S. hydrangea are used by the inhabitants of the Southwestern towns of Iran as medicinal plants. Aerial parts of S. mirzayanii are used for the treatment of diabetes, stomach ache, infections, inflammatory diseases, spasms, gastrointestinal disorders, and as an astringent, carminative, antiseptic and smoke medicine, while the flowers of S. hydrangea are used for their anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, diuretic, sedative and carminative effects and are also used for treating cough, sore throat and fever.
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| 3. |
- Asadollahi, Mojtaba, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenicity differences between group I and group II of Botrytis cinerea
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Agraria Debreceniensis. - : University of Debrecen/ Debreceni Egyetem. - 1587-1282 .- 2416-1640. ; :43, s. 81-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Botrytis cinerea has been reported as a species complex containing two cryptic species, groups I (Botrytis pseudocinerea) and II (B. cinerea sensu stricto). In order to compare the pathogenicity of group I and group II of B. cinerea, we have selected 4 strains of group I and 4 strains of group II. The results demonstrated that competitive infection of group II was more on grape, cucumber and paprika leaves, than group I. However the results on bean leaves did not correlate the applied B. cinerea group.
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| 4. |
- de Vries, Ronald P, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative genomics reveals high biological diversity and specific adaptations in the industrially and medically important fungal genus Aspergillus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe fungal genus Aspergillus is of critical importance to humankind. Species include those with industrial applications, important pathogens of humans, animals and crops, a source of potent carcinogenic contaminants of food, and an important genetic model. The genome sequences of eight aspergilli have already been explored to investigate aspects of fungal biology, raising questions about evolution and specialization within this genus.ResultsWe have generated genome sequences for ten novel, highly diverse Aspergillus species and compared these in detail to sister and more distant genera. Comparative studies of key aspects of fungal biology, including primary and secondary metabolism, stress response, biomass degradation, and signal transduction, revealed both conservation and diversity among the species. Observed genomic differences were validated with experimental studies. This revealed several highlights, such as the potential for sex in asexual species, organic acid production genes being a key feature of black aspergilli, alternative approaches for degrading plant biomass, and indications for the genetic basis of stress response. A genome-wide phylogenetic analysis demonstrated in detail the relationship of the newly genome sequenced species with other aspergilli.ConclusionsMany aspects of biological differences between fungal species cannot be explained by current knowledge obtained from genome sequences. The comparative genomics and experimental study, presented here, allows for the first time a genus-wide view of the biological diversity of the aspergilli and in many, but not all, cases linked genome differences to phenotype. Insights gained could be exploited for biotechnological and medical applications of fungi.
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| 5. |
- Fekete, Éva, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity of a Botrytis cinerea cryptic species complex in Hungary
- 2012
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Ingår i: Microbiological Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-5013 .- 1618-0623. ; 167:5, s. 283-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Botrytis cinerea has been described as a species complex containing two cryptic species, referred to as groups I and II. The first B. cinerea group I strains outside of Western Europe were collected in Hungary in 2008 from strawberry and rape plants. Sympatric B. cinerea cryptic species were analyzed using a population genetic approach and phenotypic markers. Statistically significant, but moderate population differentiation was found between the two groups in Hungary. Group I was originally typified by the lack of the transposable elements Boty and Flipper. However, all the Hungarian group I isolates carried the Boty element and one isolate additionally contained Flipper, indicating a much wider genetic variation than previously believed. Vegetative compatibility analyses showed that twelve of the thirteen B. cinerea group I isolates studied belonged to a unique vegetative compatibility group (VCG), but VCGs overlapped between groups. Phenotypic markers such as fenhexamid resistance or asexual spore size were found unsuitable to differentiate between the cryptic species. The results did not confirm the complete separation of the two cryptic species, previously determined with genealogical concordance of the phylogenetic species recognition using multiple gene sequences, and suggest instead the possibility of information exchange between them.
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| 6. |
- Firuzi, Omidreza, et al.
(författare)
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Composition and biological activities of essential oils from four Heracleum species
- 2010
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 122:1, s. 117-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition of essential oils from aerial parts of Heracleum persicum, a widely used medicinal plant, and three other Heracleum species growing wild in Iran were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Myristicin (53.6%), (E)-anethole (25.0%), hexyl butanoate (29.7%) and elemicin (41.1%) were the major compounds of Heracleum pastinacifolium, H. persicum, Heracleum rechingeri and Heracleum transcaucasicum, respectively. Cytotoxic activity assessed on three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, LS180 and Raji), showed that essential oils from H. transcaucasicum (IC50 values; 0.362–0.594 mg/ml) followed by H. pastinacifolium (0.497–1.398 mg/ml) had moderate antitumoral activities. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, H. pastinacifolium and H. persicum oils showed the highest activities with IC50 values of 7.3 and 7.4 mg/ml, respectively. Antioxidant activity correlated well with the total phenolic content of the oils. None of the essential oils showed significant antimicrobial activities.
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| 7. |
- Hafez Ghoran, Salar, et al.
(författare)
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Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from Salvia russellii Benth
- 2021
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Ingår i: Phytochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9422 .- 1873-3700. ; 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three undescribed dammarane-type saponins, russelliinosides A-C, together with a common sterol (β-sitosterol), an abietane diterpenoid (18-hydroxyferruginol), two oleane triterpenoids (daturaolone and oleanolic acid), an ursane triterpenoid (ursolic acid) as well as three 5-hydroxyflavones (cirsimaritin, eupatorin, and salvigenin) were isolated from a dichloromethane extract of the aerial parts of Salvia russellii Benth. The chemical structures of the aforementioned compounds were characterized, using detailed spectroscopic analyses, including high-resolution mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D NMR (1H–1H COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) spectroscopy as well as physicochemical properties. Cytotoxic effects of S. russellii extract and the three isolated russelliinosides were tested against MCF-7 human breast and A549 lung cancer, as well as non-cancer NIH/3T3 cells using MTT reduction assay. Russelliinosides A and B exhibited cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 7.1 and 30.7 μg/ml against MCF-7 and 33.9 and 69.4 μg/ml against A549 cells, respectively, while russelliinoside C did not show cytotoxicity against cancer cells. On the other hand, russelliinoside A showed an IC50 value of 31.5 μg/ml against NIH/3T3 cells, while russelliinosides B and C had no effect on the viability of these non-cancer cells.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Jassbi, Amir Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxic abietane-type diterpenoids from roots of Salvia spinosa and their in Silico pharmacophore modeling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Natural Product Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-6419 .- 1478-6427. ; 36:12, s. 3183-3188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The roots of Salvia spinosa L. (Lamiaceae) were extracted withhexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate. The DCMextract exhibited cytotoxic activity (IC50 32.7 mg/mL) against MFC7 breast cancer cell line in MTT colorimetric bioassay. Ferruginol(1), taxodione (2), 12-deoxy-6-hydroxy-6,7-dehydroroyleanone (3),14-deoxycoleon U (4), 15-deoxyfuerstione (5) and taxodone (6)were isolated from the DCM roots extract. Their structures wereelucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses includingEIMS and 1H- and 13C NMR spectra. The cytotoxicity of compound3 was determined against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines and compared with the other compounds. A pharmacophore model wasbuilt based on potent input compounds to resolve importantpharmacophore features responsible for cytotoxic activity of theisolated compounds
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| 10. |
- Jassbi, Amir Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological Roles and Biological Activities of Specialized Metabolites from the Genus Nicotiana
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemical Reviews. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0009-2665 .- 1520-6890. ; 117:19, s. 12227-12280
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species of Nicotiana grow naturally in different parts of the world and have long been used both medicinally and recreationally by human societies. More recently in our history, Nicotiana tabacum has attracted interest as one of the most economically important industrial crops. Nicotiana species are frequently investigated for their bioactive natural products, and the ecological role of their specialized metabolites in responses to abiotic stress or biotic stress factors like pathogens and herbivores. The interest of tobacco companies in genetic information as well as the success of a few wild tobacco species as experimental model organisms have resulted in growing knowledge about the molecular biology and ecology of these plants and functional studies of the plant’s natural products. Although a large number of reviews and books on biologically active natural products already exists, mostly from N. tabacum, we focus our attention on the ecological roles and biological activity of natural products, versus products from cured and processed material, in this Review. The studied compounds include alkaloids, aromatic compounds, flavonoids, volatiles, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes alcohols, and sugar esters from trichomes of the plants, and recently characterized acyclic hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs). In this Review (1800s–2017), we describe the above-mentioned classes of natural products, emphasizing their biological activities and functions as they have been determined either in bioassay-guided purification approaches or in bioassays with plants in which the expression of specific biosynthetic genes has been genetically manipulated. Additionally, a review on the history, taxonomy, ecology, and medicinal application of different Nicotiana species growing around the globe presented in this Review may be of interest for pharmacognosists, natural products, and ecological chemists.
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