| 1. |
- Adamczak, Desiree, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of synthetic pathway, molecular weight and side chains on properties of indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole copolymers made by direct arylation polycondensation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7534 .- 2050-7526. ; 9:13, s. 4597-4606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atom-economic protocols for the synthesis of poly(indacenodithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PIDTBT) are presented in which all C-C coupling steps are achieved by direct arylation. Using two different synthetic pathways, PIDTBT copolymers with different side chains (hexylphenyl, octylphenyl, dodecyl, methyl/2-octyldodecylphenyl, 2-octyldodecylphenyl/2-octyldodecylphenyl) and molecular weight (MW) are prepared. Route A makes use of direct arylation polycondensation (DAP) of indacenodithiophene (IDT) and 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTBr2) leading to PIDTBT in high yields, with adjustable MW and without indications for structural defects. Route B starts from a polyketone precursor also prepared by DAP following cyclization. While route B allows introduction of asymmetric side chains at the IDT unit, polymer analogous cyclization gives rise to defect formation. The absorption coefficient of PIDTBT with alkylphenyl side chains made by route A increases with MW. Field-effect hole mobilities around similar to 10(-2) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) are molecular weight-independent, which is ascribed to a largely amorphous thin film morphology. PIDTBT with linear dodecyl side (C12) chains exhibits a bathochromic shift (20 nm), in agreement with theory, and more pronounced vibronic contributions to absorption spectra. In comparison to alkylphenyl side chains, C12 side chains allow for increased order in thin films, a weak melting endotherm and lower energetic disorder, which altogether explain substantially higher field-effect hole mobilities of similar to 10(-1) cm(2) V-1 s(-1).
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| 2. |
- Almqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Early parathyroidectomy increases bone mineral density in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism: A prospective and randomized study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-7361 .- 0039-6060. ; 136:6, s. 1281-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. There is an ongoing controversy regarding how to take care of patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and how to grade their disease activity in terms of bone parameters. This prospective and randomized study was undertaken to evaluate skeletal effects of delayed surgical treatment in such patients. Methods. Fifty patients with mild PHPT (serum calcium, 2.55 to 2.95 mmol/L, 10.2 to 11.8 mg/dL) were randomized to parathyroidectomy either at diagnosis or 1 year later. Hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD, determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), bone alkaline phosphatase in serum, osteocalcin and P-CrossLaps in plasma, and calcium in urine were measured in all patients at inclusion in the study and 1 and 2 years later. Results. The skeletal effects of mild PHPT varied with anatomy and time of exposure. Parathyroidectomy decreased all biochemical bone markers (P <.0001) and increased lumbar spine BAW (P <.05) equally in both groups, even in patients without overt osteoporosis, whereas hip BAM was increased (P <.05) in the early intervention group only. Conclusion. Prolonged exposure to mild and seemingly stable PHPT is a risk factor for hip fractures, which adds to other reasons for surgical treatment of this condition without delay regardless of serum calcium levels.
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| 3. |
- Almqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Increase of bioavailable testosterone is associated with gain in bone mineral density after cure of primary hyperparathyroidism in postmenopausal women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2265 .- 0300-0664. ; 64:1, s. 58-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The recovery of bone mineral density (BMD) after surgical cure of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) seems to be multifactorial and not just dependent on declining PTH. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of sex steroids in this context. Design and patients Thirty-six postmenopausal women with PHPT were examined before and 1 year after curative parathyroidectomy. Their mean age at inclusion in the study was 71.7 +/- 1.1 years (range 54-83). BMD was measured in hip and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. No patient received any replacement therapy with sex hormones or treatment with corticosteroids, oestrogen receptor modulators or bisphosphonates. Measurements Serum concentrations of oestradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, SHBG, PTH and calcium. Results Postoperative increase of free (bioavailable) testosterone was positively correlated to the change of BMD in the hip (P < 0.01), whereas the change of PTH in serum correlated to the change of BMD in the lumbar spine (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that bioavailable testosterone was the most important determinant of change in BMD in both spine and hip (femoral neck: P < 0.05; Ward's triangle: P < 0.001; trochanter: P < 0.01; lumbar spine: P < 0.05). The increase of bioavailable testosterone after curative parathyroidectomy was related to declining SHBG. Conclusions An increase of bioavailable testosterone following surgical cure of PHPT is related to improvement of hip and lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal women. This previously unknown hormonal interaction may also be important to other aspects of hyperparathyroidism.
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| 4. |
- Almqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Increased plasma concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 65:6, s. 760-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with heart disease. The aims of the present study were to evaluate how cardiac function and secretion of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) correlate in patients with mild PHPT, and how the plasma level of NT-proBNP is influenced by cure of the parathyroid disease. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Forty-two patients with PHPT without symptoms of heart disease were examined before and 1 year after curative parathyroidectomy. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma or serum concentrations of NT-proBNP, calcium, PTH, creatinine, oestradiol, testosterone and SHBG were measured. Cardiac function was evaluated by equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA). RESULTS: At baseline, NT-proBNP levels correlated negatively with systolic function [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), P < 0.001]. Twelve per cent of the patients had NT-proBNP levels above normal reference values preoperatively. One year postoperatively, the corresponding proportion was 21%. The mean plasma concentration of NT-proBNP increased after parathyroidectomy (P < 0.01) in parallel with a dip in diastolic function (peak filling rate, P < 0.05) and a falling trend in systolic function (LVEF, P = 0.08). The postoperative percentage changes in circulating NT-proBNP and total oestradiol correlated positively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with mild PHPT and normal renal function may have high levels of circulating NT-proBNP despite the absence of symptomatic heart disease. Cure of the parathyroid disease is followed by a further increase in NT-proBNP secretion in parallel with ERNA measures, indicating subclinical changes in heart function. These results are in line with data indicating an association between PHPT and increased risk of premature death.
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| 5. |
- Ankarberg-Lindgren, Carina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological considerations in determining sex steroids in children: comparison of conventional immunoassays with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. - 1437-4331. ; 62:1, s. 85-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In laboratory medicine, external quality assessment (EQA) schemes have become versatile tools for detecting analytical flaws. However, EQA schemes are lacking for pediatric sex steroid levels. We aimed to investigate the suitability of different estradiol and testosterone immunoassays in a pediatric setting in comparison with clinical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays.The study was conducted by staff and the advisory group on endocrinology at Equalis, the Swedish provider of EQA schemes for laboratory medicine. The test material consisted of five pooled serum samples from children who were either prepubertal or in puberty. Clinical laboratories enrolled in Equalis EQA schemes for estradiol and testosterone were invited to participate, as were clinical laboratories using LC-MS/MS-assays. Samples were analyzed by either routine immunoassays (n=18) or in-house LC-MS/MS assays (n=3).For estradiol, LC-MS/MS assays showed a high degree of conformity with interlaboratory coefficients of variation (CV) below 24.2 %. Reported levels were between 4.9 ± 1.2 and 33.9 ± 1.6 pmol/L (group mean ± standard deviation). The direct immunoassays had lower precision; their CVs were up to 81.4 %. Reported concentrations were between 25.3 ± 18.1 and 45.7 ± 19.4 pmol/L, an overestimation compared to LC-MS/MS. Testosterone LC-MS/MS also showed a high degree of conformity, CVs were below 13.4 %, and reported concentrations were from 0.06 ± 0.00 to 1.00 ± 0.11 nmol/L. The direct immunoassays had a larger discrepancy between results; CVs were up to 95.8 %. Concentrations were between 0.12 ± 0.11 and 0.85 ± 0.23 nmol/L.For the safe diagnosis and determination of sex steroids in children, analysis with mass spectrometry-based methods is recommended.
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| 6. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 98:8, s. S1-S280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses.
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| 7. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 99:8, s. S1-S310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Aus, G, et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative prostate cancer risk assessment with the aid of the free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 45:2, s. 160-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the cumulative risk of having a prostate cancer diagnosis in a repeated screening situation in relation to the free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio (F/T-PSA). Patients and Methods: The present study includes 1385 men (aged 50-70 years) who underwent prostate biopsy for the first time in the screening program that started in 1995. In case of a benign finding, the men have been followed biennially and new biopsies performed in case of persistently elevated PSA. The cumulative risk to be diagnosed with prostate cancer until July 1, 2002 was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparison was made between different levels of T-PSA and F/T-PSA ratios. Results: Of 2129 biopsies 469 showed cancer. The cumulative 5-year risk to be diagnosed with prostate cancer was significantly dependent of the F/T-ratio. The risk for men with a T-PSA of 3-5.99 ng/ml was 16% [6-25%] for those who had a ratio of >30% and 44% [34-60%] for those with a ratio of <10%. The corresponding difference for patients with a T-PSA of 6-9.99 ng/ml was even more pronounced: 21% [0-42%] vs. 80% [64-96%]. Conclusion: By completing the T-PSA measurement with the F/T-PSA ratio it is possible to significantly better assess the cumulative prostate cancer risk within the next five years (without the aid of further urological work-up).
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| 9. |
- Aus, G, et al.
(författare)
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Free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratio as a predictor of non-organ-confined prostate cancer (stage pT3)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 37:6, s. 466-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate whether the free-to-total prostate-specific antigen (F/T-PSA) ratio can be used to differentiate between stage pT2 and pT3 prostate cancer. Material and Methods: A total of 176 consecutive patients from the Goteborg Screening Study (median T-PSA 4.2 ng/ml) who underwent radical prostatectomy (without neoadjuvant hormonal therapy) were included in the study. The pT stage was correlated with classical risk factors such as T-PSA and Gleason sum and the impact of the F/T-PSA ratio was evaluated. Results: A total of 42/176 patients (23.9%) had stage pT3 prostate cancer. Patients with an F/T-PSA ratio in the lowest quartile (<10.7%) had extracapsular tumor growth in 46.5% of cases, compared to 16.7% for those with an F/T-PSA ratio >10.7% ( p = 0.0002). Patients with high-risk features (T-PSA >10 ng/ml or Gleason sum greater than or equal to7) had a high risk (54-60%) for stage pT3 prostate cancer. In low-risk patients, the subgroup with an F/T-PSA ratio <10.7% had a risk of 37.0%, compared to only 13.3% for those with a ratio of >10.7% (p = 0.0092). Conclusions: In patients with low-risk early-stage prostate cancer, the F/T-PSA ratio provides statistically significant, independent and clinically relevant preoperative information about the risk of extracapsular tumor growth.
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| 10. |
- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of epitope structure for 53 monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific antigen
- 1999
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Ingår i: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1423-0380 .- 1010-4283. ; 20:Suppl. 1, s. 13-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used marker of prostate cancer. Assays for PSA are based on anti-PSA antibodies, and the characterization and selection of these antibodies is important for determining their optimum performance. In our study, we characterized the reactivity of 53 antibodies, submitted to the ISOBM TD-3 PSA Workshop, using free PSA, PSA complexed to alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and purified ACT. Immunoblotting was performed after native agarose gel or reducing sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoblotting after agarose gel electrophoresis revealed 10 antibodies that recognized only the free form of PSA, and 43 antibodies that detected both free PSA and PSA-ACT. Immunoblotting of reducing sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gels showed the linear or conformation-dependent nature of the epitopes. Two antibodies specific for free PSA and 18 antibodies that recognized both free PSA and PSA-ACT complex recognized linear epitopes. Moreover, 7 antibodies also detected fragmented forms of PSA.
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