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- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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Avoided Deforestation and Agriculture: Insights from Cambodia into a Complex Relationship
- 2011
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Ingår i: Focali brief. - 1403-2465. ; 2011:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- RECENT POLICY research on avoided deforestation has focused on encouraging policy makers to adopt a landscape perspective. Central in this is the advice to incorporate forest management policy into integrated land use planning including agricultural policy (Scherr, Wallace, Hatcher, & White, 2011). This policy brief reinforces that general message and makes three specific points in relation to it: 1. Communities do not need to be heavily forest-dependent to be effective stewards of forests. 2. Proximity to forest, and crucially, frequency of journeys through forests on non-forest related business may be crucial to effective forest management. 3. People with insecure access to agricultural land present a greater threat to forests than people with secure access to agricultural land. The brief also reinforces another long-established truth, namely that forest management issues can never be only local or only technical, but must be addressed in their wider political and economic context.
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| 2. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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Bey village and the Political Ecology of Southeast Asian Forests
- 2010
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Ingår i: Friman, E. & G.L. Gallardo (eds). Politicized Nature: Global Exchange, Resources and Power. - Uppsala : Cemus. - 9789163302015 ; , s. 73-92
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents research from the village of Bey in the forests of northeast Cambodia and sets it in the context of political ecology literature on Southeast Asia. Globally, rural people are moving out of agriculture and attempting to find better and more secure livelihoods through accessing the urban sector or migrating into former common property resource landscapes such as forests and communal grazing lands. The impression created by the political ecology literature on forests and forest peoples in Southeast Asia is of a remorseless process of forest transformation. Similarities within and between countries are more striking than differences. Laissez-faire capitalism and scientific forestry have since early colonial times been competing ideas, but within a discourse that legitimises the capture and exploitation of forest resources by outside agents. Neither ‘resistance’ nor ‘Development’ shows signs of creating alternatives to this process, though they may shape it differently in different times and places. In Bey, outside interests, state and business, civilian and military, dominate the local politics of forest exploitation in ways that impact people unequally within and between households. When ‘pro-poor’ politics and Development arrive in the village they do so in ways that de-legitimise the residency and livelihoods of poor villagers.
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| 3. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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Cambodia’s land management and administration project. WIDER Working Paper 2014/086
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the case of World Bank support to the mass titling component of the Cambodia Land Management and Administration Project. This was a project for which there was clear national demand, as evidenced by the fact that the Cambodian government had already attempted to implement mass titling a decade previously, but had lacked the human and technical resources to complete it. The case describes a consensus between donors and a host nation government during the planning and approval of the intervention, which dissolves into conflict during implementation. Ultimately, the case raises questions about the ethics of intervention. When governments want approximately the rules of the game suggested by donors (functioning institutions to facilitate markets) but do not want a level playing field, how should this be understood and resolved? Must donors always be passively complicit in elite projects until domestic politics hold them accountable to their own rules?
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| 4. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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Can elite corruption be a legitimate Machiavellian tool in an unruly world? The case of post-conflict Cambodia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Third World Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-6597 .- 1360-2241. ; 35:5, s. 872-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elite corruption may have a significant role in ending conflicts and shaping post-conflict development. This article enquires into the legitimacy accorded to such corruption. It reviews literature on post-conflict Cambodia, seeking evidence that academic commentaries, public opinion or elites themselves regard elite corruption as a legitimate Machiavellian tool for achieving other ends. Corruption has been an element of the style of government adopted by the dominant party in Cambodia, shaping both the achievement of peace and the uneven economic development that followed. Academic commentaries provide some implicit and explicit legitimation of corruption as a means to secure peace and to resist neoliberal policy settings by affording government discretionary resources and power. Meanwhile, public dissatisfaction with elite corruption appears to the most likely source of renewed violent conflict in Cambodia. How elite actors rationalise and legitimise corrupt behaviour remains poorly understood, and is deserving of more attention.
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| 5. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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Can elite corruption be a legitimate Machiavellian tool in an unruly world? The case of post-conflict Cambodia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Corruption in the Aftermath of War. Edited by Jonas Lindberg & Camilla Orjuela. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138100022
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elite corruption may have a significant role in ending conflicts and shaping post-conflict development. This article enquires into the legitimacy accorded to such corruption. It reviews literature on post-conflict Cambodia, seeking evidence that academic commentaries, public opinion or elites themselves regard elite corruption as a legitimate Machiavellian tool for achieving other ends. Corruption has been an element of the style of government adopted by the dominant party in Cambodia, shaping both the achievement of peace and the uneven economic development that followed. Academic commentaries provide some implicit and explicit legitimation of corruption as a means to secure peace and to resist neoliberal policy settings by affording government discretionary resources and power. Meanwhile, public dissatisfaction with elite corruption appears to the most likely source of renewed violent conflict in Cambodia. How elite actors rationalise and legitimise corrupt behaviour remains poorly understood, and is deserving of more attention.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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In whose name and in whose interests? An actor-oriented analysis of community forestry in Bey, a Khmer village in Northeast Cambodia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Milne, S & S. Mahanty (2015) Conservation and Development in Cambodia: Exploring frontiers of change in nature, state and society. - Abingdon : Earthscan. - 0415706807 ; , s. 160-176
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Written by leading authorities from Australasia, Europe and North America, this book examines the dynamic conflicts and synergies between nature conservation and human development in contemporary Cambodia. After suffering conflict and stagnation in the late twentieth century, Cambodia has experienced an economic transformation in the last decade, with growth averaging almost ten per cent per year, partly through investment from China. However this rush for development has been coupled with tremendous social and environmental change which, although positive in some aspects, has led to rising inequality and profound shifts in the condition, ownership and management of natural resources. High deforestation rates, declining fish stocks, biodiversity loss, and alienation of indigenous and rural people from their land and traditional livelihoods are now matters of increasing local and international concern. The book explores the social and political dimensions of these environmental changes in Cambodia, and of efforts to intervene in and ‘improve’ current trajectories for conservation and development. It provides a compelling analysis of the connections between nature, state and society, pointing to the key role of grassroots and non-state actors in shaping Cambodia’s frontiers of change. These insights will be of great interest to scholars of Southeast Asia and environment-development issues in general.
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| 9. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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Is the Geographies of Evasion hypothesis useful for explaining and predicting the fate of external interventions? The case of REDD in Cambodia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Globalization and Development: rethinking interventions and government. GCGD, University of Gothenburg, November 22-23, 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The key question addressed by the paper is whether the ‘Geographies of Evasion hypothesis’ provides a worthwhile theoretical contribution to overcoming this practitioner-academic impasse. The Geography of Evasion concept was first coined in a study of property rights interventions in Cambodia (Biddulph, 2010) and first articulated as a hypothesis as follows: If the development industry attempts to extend rights which host nation governments are not prepared to enforce, the result will not be a rejection of the industry’s programmes. Rather they will be welcomed, but channelled to places where those rights do not make a difference. This ‘geography of evasion’ will be concealed by policy facades which measure success according to outputs and do not acknowledge the process of spatial marginalisation” (Biddulph, 2011 forthcoming) This paper will present early results of the application of the ‘Geography of Evasion’ hypothesis to the case of REDD (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation). It first analyses the global climate negotiation and the implementation discourse parallel to the negotiations, and explains how this discourse invites geographies of evasion. It then presents fieldwork from a REDD pilot activity Cambodia where existing community forestry initiatives are being linked to the voluntary carbon market as a means to pilot REDD. The case of the REDD pilot northwest Cambodia provides early evidence of how deforestation is being prevented in places where the major drivers are least present suggesting that Geographies of Evasion might indeed have predictive power in explaining how REDD might fail. However, more evidence than this is required to make a convincing case for REDD as an evasive/evaded intervention internationally. Geographies of Evasion will gain more purchase in development theory-practice dialogues if it is tested in other contexts than that of rural Cambodia. However, by presenting clear, simple questions to relatively accessible data it promises to be of readier practical import than many currently prominent theorizations of development practice.
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| 10. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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Landlessness, land redistribution and justice in rural Cambodia
- 2006
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Ingår i: NIASnytt. - 0904-4337. ; 3:December, s. 15-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Landlessness was virtually unknown in Cambodia prior to the outbreak of the civil war in 1970. The years of war and now the impact of privatization and population expansion have altered the situation dramatically. Various surveys put the landlessness rate in Cambodia between 15 and 20 percent and rising. Many families have been forced to sell land to cope with poverty and indebtedness. A few have lost land through land-grabbing by powerful figures. One response to the growing landlessness has been the preparation of mechanisms to redistribute State land to landless households. Whether this response is appropriate or feasible is open to question.
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