| 1. |
- Agustsson, A. S., et al.
(författare)
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In situ breast cancer incidence patterns in Iceland and differences in ductal carcinoma in situ treatment compared to Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to review the incidence of in situ carcinoma in Iceland after initiating population-based mammography screening in 1987 and to compare management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) between Iceland and the Uppsala–Örebro region (UÖR) in Central Sweden. The Icelandic Cancer Registry provided data on in situ breast carcinomas for women between 1957 and 2017. Clinical data for women with DCIS between 2008 and 2014 was extracted from hospital records and compared to women diagnosed in UÖR. In Iceland, in situ carcinoma incidence increased from 7 to 30 per 100 000 women per year, following the introduction of organised mammography screening. The proportion of in situ carcinoma of all breast carcinomas increased from 4 to 12%. More than one third (35%) of women diagnosed with DCIS in Iceland were older than 70 years versus 18% in UÖR. In Iceland, 49% of all DCIS women underwent mastectomy compared to 40% in UÖR. The incidence of in situ carcinoma in Iceland increased four-fold after the uptake of population-based mammography screening causing considerable risk of overtreatment. Differences in treatment of DCIS were seen between Iceland and UÖR, revealing the importance of quality registration for monitoring patterns of management. © 2020, The Author(s).
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| 2. |
- Gaber, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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High expression of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor correlates with liver metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 100:10, s. 1540-1548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased expression of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in tumour tissue and/or serum has been associated with poor survival in various cancer forms. Moreover, a proinvasive function of TATI has been shown in colon cancer cell lines. In this study, we have examined the prognostic significance of tumour-specific TATI expression in colorectal cancer, assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMAs) with tumour specimens from two independent patient cohorts. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to estimate time to recurrence, disease-free survival and overall survival. In both cohorts, a high (>50% of tumour cells) TATI expression was an independent predictor of a significantly shorter overall survival. In cohort II, in multivariate analysis including age, gender, disease stage, differentiation grade, vascular invasion and carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA), high TATI expression was associated with a significantly decreased overall survival (HR=1.82; 95% CI=1.19-2.79) and disease-free survival (HR=1.56; 95% CI=1.05-2.32) in curatively treated patients. Moreover, there was an increased risk for liver metastasis in both cohorts that remained significant in multivariate analysis in cohort II (HR=2.85; 95% CI=1.43-5.66). In conclusion, high TATI expression is associated with liver metastasis and is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Birgisson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Improved survival in cancer of the colon and rectum in Sweden.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 31:8, s. 845-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To analyse time-trends in survival of patients with colon and rectal cancer in Sweden.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data including all patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum between 1960 and 1999, from the Swedish Cancer Registry, were analysed. The observed and relative survival rates were calculated according to the Hakulinen cohort method.RESULTS: Five-year relative survival rate for cancer of the colon improved significantly from 39.6% in 1960--1964 to 57.2% in 1995--1999 and for rectal cancer from 36.1 to 57.6%, respectively. Corresponding observed survival improved from 31.2 to 44.3% for colon cancer and from 28.4 to 45.4% for rectal cancer. The largest improvement of survival were seen during the later part of the period observed.CONCLUSION: The survival of patients with colon and rectal cancer in Sweden continues to improve, especially in rectal cancer, which now has a 5-year observed and relative survival rate comparable to that for colon cancer. The survival improvement in rectal cancer is probably a result of the implementation of total mesorectal excision and pre-operative radiotherapy.
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| 5. |
- Birgisson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Late gastrointestinal disorders after rectal cancer surgery with and without preoperative radiation therapy
- 2008
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 95:2, s. 206-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyse late gastrointestinal disorders necessitating hospital admission following rectal cancer surgery and to determine their relationship to preoperative radiation therapy. METHODS: Curatively treated patients participating in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial during 1987-1990, randomized to preoperative irradiation (454 patients) or surgery alone (454), were matched against the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry. Hospital records for patients admitted with gastrointestinal diagnoses were reviewed. RESULTS: Irradiated patients had an increased relative risk (RR) of late small bowel obstruction (RR 2.49 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.48 to 4.19)) and abdominal pain (RR 2.09 (95 per cent c.i. 1.03 to 4.24)) compared with patients treated by surgery alone. The risk of late small bowel obstruction requiring surgery was greatly increased (RR 7.42 (95 per cent c.i. 2.23 to 24.66)). Irradiated patients with postoperative anastomotic leakage were at increased risk for late small bowel obstruction (RR 2.99 (95 per cent c.i. 1.07 to 8.31)). The risk of small bowel obstruction was also related to the radiation technique and energy used. CONCLUSION: Small bowel obstruction is more common in patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative radiation therapy.
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| 6. |
- Birgisson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Protein Profiling Reveal Osteoprotegerin as a Marker of Prognostic Impact for Colorectal Cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Translational Oncology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1944-7124 .- 1936-5233. ; 11:4, s. 1034-1043
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Due to difficulties in predicting recurrences in colorectal cancer stages II and III, reliable prognostic biomarkers could be a breakthrough for individualized treatment and follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To find potential prognostic protein biomarkers in colorectal cancer, using the proximity extension assays. METHODS: A panel of 92 oncology-related proteins was analyzed with proximity extension assays, in plasma from a cohort of 261 colorectal cancer patients with stage II-IV. The survival analyses were corrected for disease stage and age, and the recurrence analyses were corrected for disease stage. The significance threshold was adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The plasma proteins expression levels had a greater prognostic relevance in disease stage III colorectal cancer than in disease stage II, and for overall survival than for time to recurrence. Osteoprotegerin was the only biomarker candidate in the protein panel that had a statistical significant association with overall survival (P = .00029). None of the proteins were statistically significantly associated with time to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Of the 92 analyzed plasma proteins, osteoprotegerin showed the strongest prognostic impact in patients with colorectal cancer, and therefore osteoprotegerin is a potential predictive marker, and it also could be a target for treatments.
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| 7. |
- Birgisson, Hakon, et al.
(författare)
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Two new thermostable alpha-L-rhamnosidases from a novel thermophilic bacterium
- 2004
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Ingår i: Enzyme and Microbial Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-0229. ; 34:6, s. 561-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new thermostable alpha-L-rhamnosidases with novel substrate hydrolysis pattern were cloned and expressed from a new thermophilic bacterium. Fragments of the two alpha-L-rhamnosidase genes, rhmA and rhmB were identified in a partially sequenced genome of the bacterium. Whole genes were recovered by amplifying flanking sequences with single specific primers and nonspecific walking primers. The recovered Genes were then cloned into Escherichia coli and their enzymes produced and purified. Both enzymes were dimers and the MW of the monomers. were 104 and 107 kDa for RhmA and RhmB, respectively. Both rhamnosidases had a temperature optimum at 70degreesC. RhmA had pH optimum at 7.9 and RhmB had a broad pH optimum of 5.0 to 6.9 and RhmA had over 50% activity in the pH interval 5.0 to 8.7 and RhmB in the pH interval 4.0 to 7.9. Both enzymes had over 20% residual activity after 24-h incubation at 60degreesC. RhmA and RhmB had K values of 0.46 and 0.66 mM and V-max values of 134 and 352 U mg(-1) respectively, on p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyrano side. Both rhamnosidases were active on both alpha-1,2- and alpha-1,6-linkages to beta-D-glucoside. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Dinegdae, Yared H., et al.
(författare)
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Design inputs variabilities influence on pavement performance reliability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Functional Pavement Design. - : CRC Press. - 9781138029248 ; , s. 741-750
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pavement design is a probabilistic process as it involves many random variables.Through the incorporation of reliability, pavement design methods consider inputparameters variabilities effect on pavement performance. Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) is a typical example of reliability-based design procedure. In LRFD, a set of partialsafety factors are developed by modelling input parameters variabilities with representativeaverage conditions. This paper evaluates the impact input parameters variabilities have onestimated target reliability in the case when actual variabilities are different from assumedconditions. This was achieved by evaluating a field pavement section with various combinationsof input parameters variabilities. The optimized section for a given target reliability wasachieved through the mechanics-based LRFD procedure and the actual reliabilities of thevarious cases were obtained using a methodology that uses response surface approach andfirst order reliability method (FORM). The results have shown that the level of input parametersvariabilities used affect the target reliability considerably.
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| 9. |
- Dinegdae, Yared H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of heavy traffic loading on predicted pavement fatigue life
- 2016
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Ingår i: RILEM Bookseries. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. ; , s. 389-395
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue cracking is one of the dominant failure modes of asphalt concrete pavements. There are a number of analysis and design methods that can be used to optimize pavement sections for this kind of distress. Most of these methods incorporate advanced material property predictive models. However, traffic loading, which has been identified as a primary contributing factor in causing fatigue cracking, is characterized relatively simplistically. There is a concern in light of recent advancement in traffic characterization, and tire inflation pressure surveys that existing methods might not be adequate. The objective of this paper is to evaluate and quantify the effects of truck traffic characterization in axle load spectra and high tire inflation pressure levels on predicted fatigue cracking performance. This was achieved by evaluating a number of pavement sections using the mechanics-based fatigue cracking analysis framework. The studied traffic characterization approaches are ESALs, axle load spectra with and without traffic seasonal variations and three levels of tire inflation pressures. It is evident from the result that higher tire inflation pressure and traffic characterization using axle load spectra induce more damage and subsequently early crack initiation time.
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| 10. |
- Dinegdae, Yared H., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of truck traffic on top-down fatigue cracking performance of flexible pavements using a new mechanics-based analysis framework
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; 19:1, s. 182-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanics-based analysis framework predicts top-down fatigue cracking initiation timein asphalt concrete pavements by utilising fracture mechanics and mixture morphology-basedproperty. To reduce the level of complexity involved, traffic data were characterised and incorporatedinto the framework using the equivalent single axle load (ESAL) approach. There isa concern that this kind of simplistic traffic characterisation might result in erroneous performancepredictions and pavement structural designs. This paper integrates axle load spectraand other traffic characterisation parameters into the mechanics-based analysis framework andstudies the impact these traffic characterisation parameters have on predicted fatigue crackingperformance. The traffic characterisation inputs studied are traffic growth rate, axle load spectra,lateral wheel wander and volume adjustment factors. For this purpose, a traffic integrationapproach which incorporates Monte Carlo simulation and representative traffic characterisationinputs was developed. The significance of these traffic characterisation parameters wasestablished by evaluating a number of field pavement sections. It is evident from the resultsthat all the traffic characterisation parameters except truck wheel wander have been observedto have significant influence on predicted top-down fatigue cracking performance.
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