| 1. |
- Amandusson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Colocalization of oestrogen receptor immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin mRNA expression fo neurons in the superficial laminae of the spinal and medullary dorsal horn of rats
- 1996
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Ingår i: Eur J Neurosci. - : Wiley InterScience. ; 8:11, s. 2440-2445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double-labelling procedure combining immunohistochemical staining with in situ hybridization using a radiolabelled cRNA probe was employed to demonstrate oestrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin-A mRNA in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of female rats. Both markers labelled large numbers of neurons in the substantia gelatinosa and its trigeminal homologue. Many of these neurons were double-labelled, displaying both oestrogen receptor-like-immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin-A mRNA; cell counts showed that 40-60% of the of the oestrogen receptor-like-immunoreactive cells in the superficial laminae also were labelled for preproenkephalin-A mRNA, and that 60-70% of the preproenkephalin-A mRNA-labelled neurons in the same laminae displayed oestrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity. Previous studies have shown that oestrogen receptors can bind to the promoter region of the preproenkephalin-A gene, and studies on the hypothalamus have demonstrated that oestrogen regulates enkephalin expression in select neuronal populations. The present results demonstrate that enkephalinergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn contain oestrogen receptors and suggest that oestrogen may play an important role in the modulation of sensory and nociceptive processing in the lower medulla and spinal cord.
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| 2. |
- Amandusson, Åsa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen-induced alterations of spinal cord enkephalin gene expression
- 1999
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 83:2, s. 243-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enkephalin-synthesizing neurons in the super®cial laminae of the spinal and trigeminal dorsal horn are critical components of the endogenous pain-modulatory system. We have previously demonstrated that these neurons display intracellular estrogen receptors, suggesting that estrogen can potentially influence their enkephalin expression. By using Northern blot, we now show that a bolus injection of estrogen results in a rapid increase in spinal cord enkephalin mRNA levels in ovariectomized female rats. Thus, 4 h after estrogen administration the enkephalin mRNA-expression in the lumbar spinal cord was on average 68% higher (P , 0:05) than in control animals injected with vehicle only. A small increase in the amount of enkephalin mRNA was also seen after 8 h (P , 0:05), whereas no difference between estrogen-injected and control animals was found after 24 h or at time periods shorter than 4 h. Taken together with the previous anatomical data, the present findings imply that estrogen has an acute effect on spinal opioid levels in areas involved in the transmission of nociceptive information.
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| 3. |
- Amandusson, Åsa, 1974-
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor expression in relation to pain modulation and transmission : experimental studies in rats
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Estrogens have a remarkably wide range of actions in the mammalian brain. They not only play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and sexual differentiation, but also contribute to e.g. thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. A multitude of studies on both animals and human subjects has demonstrated potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. These effects most likely involve multiple neuroanatomical circuits as well as diverse neurochemical systems and therefore need to be evaluated specifically in relation to the localization and intrinsic characteristics of the neurons engaged. The overall aim of this thesis is to gain specific knowledge of the possible cellular mechanisms by which estrogens may influence the transmission of nociceptive stimuli at the level of the spinal cord. The estrogen receptors, by which estrogens regulate non-genomic as well as genomic mechanisms, are crucial to estrogen signaling in general and essential to the estrogen-induced effects in the brain. In Paper I, we use immunohistochemistry to label neurons containing estrogen receptor-! (ERα) in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of female rats. Large numbers of ER!-expressing neurons were found in lamina I and lamina II, i.e. in the areas involved in the processing of primary afferent nociceptive information. This distribution in part overlaps that of enkephalin, a potent pain-inhibiting endogenous opioid. The effects of gonadal hormones on pain modulation may, to a great extent, be blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone, suggesting an involvement of the endogenous opioid system in the prosecution of hormonal pain regulation. By combining immunohistochemical labeling of ERα with in situ hybridization of preproenkephalin mRNA (Paper II), we demonstrate that the majority of enkephalinergic neurons in the superficial laminae of the spinal and medullary dorsal horn express ER!. This co-localization and the fact that the preproenkephalin gene contains a sequence that binds ERs, suggest that estrogens may potentially regulate enkephalin expression in these cells. This is further supported by the findings in Paper III in which we show that a single subcutaneous injection of estradiol induces a significant increase (on average 68%) in preproenkephalin mRNA content in the spinal cord after 4 hours. The expression of the enkephalin gene in the spinal cord is thus sensitive to fluctuating estradiol levels. In Paper IV, a noxious injection of formalin is used to induce activation of a neuronal population involved in nociceptive transmission from the face. By using a dual-labeling immunohistochemistry protocol, we were able to identify ER!-expressing cells within this neuronal population suggesting that nociceptive-responsive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn express ER!. In all, our findings provide morphological as well as biochemical evidence in support for an estrogen-dependent modulation of nociceptive processing at the level of the dorsal horn.
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| 4. |
- Amandusson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of the female rat
- 1995
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 196:1-2, s. 25-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using an immunohistochemical technique, we demonstrate that large numbers of neurons in the laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal gray matter of the female rat express estrogen receptors (ER). Densely packed ER-immunoreactive neurons were present in lamina II, but labeled neurons were also present in lamina I, the neck of the dorsal horn, and in lamina X. Labeling was present throughout the length of the spinal cord, with the exception of segments caudal to S1, which were unlabeled. The distribution of ER-containing neurons to areas that are involved in processing of primary afferent nociceptive information suggests that the pain modulatory effects of estrogen may be exerted at the spinal level.
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| 5. |
- Amandusson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor-α expression in nociceptive-responsive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn of the female rat
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 14:3, s. 245-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogens exert a substantial influence on the transmission of nociceptive stimuli and the susceptibility to pain disorders as made evident by studies in both animals and human subjects. The estrogen receptor (ER) seems to be of crucial importance to the cellular mechanisms underlying such an influence. However, it has not been clarified whether nociceptive neurons activated by pain express ERs. In this study, a noxious injection of formalin was given into the lower lip of female rats, thereby activating nociceptive neurons in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis as demonstrated by immunohistochemical labeling of Fos. Using a dual-label immunohistochemistry protocol ERalpha-containing cells were visualized in the same sections. In the superficial layers of the medullary dorsal horn, 12% of ERalpha-labeled cells, mainly located in lamina II, also expressed noxious-induced Fos. These findings show that nociceptive-responsive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn express ERalpha, thus providing a possible morphological basis for the hypothesis that estrogens directly regulate pain transmission at this level.
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| 6. |
- Amandusson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogenic influences in pain processing
- 2013
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Ingår i: Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0091-3022 .- 1095-6808. ; 34:4, s. 329-349
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gonadal hormones not only play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and sexual differentiation, they also contribute to thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival, and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. Numerous studies on both animals and human subjects have also demonstrated the potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. These effects most likely involve multiple neuroanatomical circuits as well as diverse neurochemical systems and they therefore need to be evaluated specifically to determine the localization and intrinsic characteristics of the neurons engaged. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphological as well as biochemical evidence in support for gonadal hormone modulation of nociceptive processing, with particular focus on estrogens and spinal cord mechanisms.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Blomqvist Mickelsson, Tony
(författare)
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A Nordic sport social work in the context of refugee reception
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Idrotten antas gynna positiva utfall, såsom god hälsa, utökat socialt nätverk med mera, och har alltmer kommit att ta plats som en aktör som adresserar sociala frågor. Den här avhandlingen, som består av sex publicerade artiklar, undersöker de förutsättningar som krävs för att svenska idrottsföreningar ska kunna inkludera underrepresenterade grupper, såsom människor med migrantbakgrund. Detta görs delvis i kontexten av konflikten i Ukraina, där ungefär 50.000 ukrainska människor nu befinner sig i Sverige. I sin helhet visar studierna på att idrottsföreningar, ofta i socioekonomiskt utsatta områden, har ett stort jobb framför sig. Det krävs tid, systematik och olika typer av kapital för att idrottsföreningarna ska kunna jobba hållbart med inkluderingsfrågor. Idrottsföreningarna behöver ofta någon, eller flera, med personligt driv, stark lokal förankring, och en förmåga att knyta idrottsföreningen till andra aktörer i samhället. I kontexten av detta argumenteras det för att idrottsföreningar och idrottens samhällsnytta diskuteras mer explicit i samband med som i socialt arbete kallas ’samhällsarbete’, för att tydligare karva ut och konceptualisera idrottens roll inom socialt arbetes forskning. I den senare delen av avhandlingen undersöks inkluderandet av ukrainska migranter, och hur detta har upplevts av idrottsföreningarna. Detta görs både ur ett pragmatiskt och ett kritiskt perspektiv i avhandlingens två avslutande studier. Nästintill alla idrottsföreningar är övervägande positivt inställda till ukrainska migranter och hur dessa har välkomnats in i föreningen men i ett fåtal fall finns det viss friktion kring träningstraditioner mellan ukrainska barns föräldrar och svenska tränare. I den avslutande studien visas det även på hur ukrainska migranter pratas om som mer ’förtjänta’ av en god inkludering jämfört med andra migrantgrupper. Detta grundas i idéer om ukrainare som mer kulturellt lika svenskar, att dom inte utgör ett hot såsom andra grupper av flyktingar upplevs göra, och att ukrainare är mer villiga att bidra till svenska samhället än andra grupper. Sammantaget så kartlägger avhandlingen en rad viktiga faktorer att tänka på när idrottsföreningar jobbar mot underrepresenterade grupper, men visar även på att idrottsföreningar stundtals särbehandlar vissa grupper – detta strider då mot den vedertagna idén om att idrott är till för alla, som vägleder svensk idrottsrörelse.
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| 9. |
- Blomqvist, Susanne, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotype, genotype, and antibiotic susceptibility of Swedish and Thai oral isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Microbiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-2297. ; 7:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The present study investigated phenotypes, virulence genotypes, and antibiotic susceptibility of oral Staphylococcus aureus strains in order to get more information on whether oral infections with this bacterium are associated with certain subtypes or related to an over-growth of the S. aureus variants normally found in the oral cavity of healthy carriers. Materials and methods: A total number of 157 S. aureus strains were investigated. Sixty-two strains were isolated from Swedish adults with oral infections, 25 strains were from saliva of healthy Swedish dental students, and 45 strains were from tongue scrapings of HIV-positive subjects in Thailand, and 25 Thai strains from non-HIV controls. The isolates were tested for coagulase, nitrate, arginine, and hemolysin, and for the presence of the virulence genes: hlg, clfA, can, sdrC, sdrD, sdrE, map/eap (adhesins) and sea, seb, sec, tst, eta, etb, pvl (toxins). MIC90 and MIC50 were determined by E-test against penicillin V, oxacillin, amoxicillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, and cefoxitin. Results: While the hemolytic phenotype was significantly (p<0.001) more common among the Thai strains compared to Swedish strains, the virulence genes were found in a similar frequency in the S. aureus strains isolated from all four subject groups. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genotype was found in 73-100% of the strains. More than 10% of the strains from Swedish oral infections and from Thai HIVpositives showed low antibiotic susceptibility, most commonly for clindamycin. Only three methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were identified, two from oral infections and one from a Thai HIV patient. Conclusions: S. aureus is occasionally occurring in the oral cavity in both health and disease in Sweden and Thailand. It is therefore most likely that S. aureus in opportunistic oral infections originate from the oral microbiota. S. aureus should be considered in case of oral infections and complaints and the antibiotic susceptibility (including MRSA) should regularly be checked. The frequent presence of S. aureus, although in low numbers among students and staff, emphasizes the importance of standard infection control precautions and of using diagnostic test in the dental clinic. © 2015 Susanne Blomqvist et al.
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| 10. |
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