| 1. |
- Acevedo, Reinaldo, et al.
(författare)
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The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide : Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 18:1, s. 15-30
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The 2018 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting focused on evolving invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) epidemiology, surveillance, and protection strategies worldwide, with emphasis on emerging antibiotic resistance and protection of high-risk populations. The GMI is comprised of a multidisciplinary group of scientists and clinicians representing institutions from several continents.Areas covered: Given that the incidence and prevalence of IMD continually varies both geographically and temporally, and surveillance systems differ worldwide, the true burden of IMD remains unknown. Genomic alterations may increase the epidemic potential of meningococcal strains. Vaccination and (to a lesser extent) antimicrobial prophylaxis are the mainstays of IMD prevention. Experiences from across the globe advocate the use of conjugate vaccines, with promising evidence growing for protein vaccines. Multivalent vaccines can broaden protection against IMD. Application of protection strategies to high-risk groups, including individuals with asplenia, complement deficiencies and human immunodeficiency virus, laboratory workers, persons receiving eculizumab, and men who have sex with men, as well as attendees at mass gatherings, may prevent outbreaks. There was, however, evidence that reduced susceptibility to antibiotics was increasing worldwide. Expert commentary: The current GMI global recommendations were reinforced, with several other global initiatives underway to support IMD protection and prevention.
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| 2. |
- Bissett, Sara L., et al.
(författare)
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Human Papillomavirus Antibody Reference Reagents for Use in Postvaccination Surveillance Serology
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 19:3, s. 449-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suitably controlled serosurveillance surveys are essential for evaluating human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization programs. A panel of plasma samples from 18-year-old females was assembled, the majority of the samples being from recipients of the bivalent HPV vaccine. Antibody specificities were evaluated by three independent laboratories, and 3 pools that displayed no antibodies to any HPV type tested or intermediate or high levels of antibody to HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, and HPV45 were created. These pools will be useful as control reagents for HPV serology.
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| 3. |
- Brodszki, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Immune responses following meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y and W polysaccharide vaccination in C2-deficient persons: Evidence for increased levels of serum bactericidal antibodies.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2518 .- 0264-410X. ; 33:15, s. 1839-1845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complement C2 deficiency (C2D) is associated with immunological diseases and increased susceptibility to invasive infections caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Neisseria menigitidis. In this study we evaluate the immunogenicity of vaccination against N. menigitidis in C2D. C2D patients (n=22) and controls (n=52) were given a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titres (serogroups A, C, Y and W) were analysed using a rabbit complement source. Levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA, factor B, and factor H, polymorphisms of MBL and Fc-gamma receptors were determined. The C2D patients responded with an increased SBA titre to all four serogroups (p<0.001). The response rates define as SBA titres ≥8 were found to be between 85.7% and 92.5%. The post-vaccination titres for serogroups C, Y and W were equal to healthy controls. C2D patients with a history of invasive infection had a lower post-vaccination SBA titres both compared to healthy C2D persons (p=0.03) and compared to controls (p<0.0001). We found that the G2M*n/G2M*n genotype were associated with a higher SBA titres after immunization (p=0.03). None of the other investigated immunological factors appear to be important in influencing the vaccine responses. Autoimmune diseases in C2D did not affect the vaccine response. In general, vaccination against meningococci gave rise to antibody responses in the C2D patients that equal healthy controls. The response rate was lower to serogroup A and among C2D patients with history of invasive infections. The presence of G2M*n/G2M*n genotype was associated with higher SBA titres after immunization.
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| 4. |
- Harrison, Lee H, et al.
(författare)
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The global Meningococcal initiative : recommendations for reducing the global burden of meningococcal disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 29:18, s. 3363-3371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) is composed of an international group of scientists, clinicians and public health officials with expertise in meningococcal immunology, epidemiology and prevention. The primary goal of the GMI is the promotion of the global prevention of invasive meningococcal disease through education and research. The GMI members reviewed global meningococcal disease epidemiology, immunization strategies, and research needs. Over the past decade, substantial advances in meningococcal vaccine development have occurred and much has been learned about prevention from countries that have incorporated meningococcal vaccines into their immunization programs. The burden of meningococcal disease is unknown for many parts of the world because of inadequate surveillance, which severely hampers evidence-based immunization policy. As the field of meningococcal vaccine development advances, global surveillance for meningococcal disease needs to be strengthened in many regions of the world. For countries with meningococcal vaccination policies, research on vaccine effectiveness and impact, including indirect effects, is crucial for informing policy decisions. Each country needs to tailor meningococcal vaccination policy according to individual country needs and knowledge of disease burden. Innovative approaches are needed to introduce and sustain meningococcal vaccination programs in resource-poor settings with a high incidence of meningococcal disease.
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| 5. |
- Lucidarme, Jay, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic analysis of the meningococcal ST-4821 complex-Western clade, potential sexual transmission and predicted antibiotic susceptibility and vaccine coverage
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 15:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The ST-4821 complex (cc4821) is a leading cause of serogroup C and serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease in China where diverse strains in two phylogenetic groups (groups 1 and 2) have acquired fluoroquinolone resistance. cc4821 was recently prevalent among carriage isolates in men who have sex with men in New York City (USA). Genome-level population studies have thus far been limited to Chinese isolates. The aim of the present study was to build upon these with an extended panel of international cc4821 isolates.METHODS: Genomes of isolates from Asia (1972 to 2017), Europe (2011 to 2018), North America (2007), and South America (2014) were sequenced or obtained from the PubMLST Neisseria database. Core genome comparisons were performed in PubMLST.RESULTS: Four lineages were identified. Western isolates formed a distinct, mainly serogroup B sublineage with alleles associated with fluoroquinolone susceptibility (MIC <0.03 mg/L) and reduced penicillin susceptibility (MIC 0.094 to 1 mg/L). A third of these were from anogenital sites in men who have sex with men and had unique denitrification gene alleles. Generally 4CMenB vaccine strain coverage was reliant on strain-specific NHBA peptides.DISCUSSION: The previously identified cc4821 group 2 was resolved into three separate lineages. Clustering of western isolates was surprising given the overall diversity of cc4821. Possible association of this cluster with the anogenital niche is worthy of monitoring given concerns surrounding antibiotic resistance and potential subcapsular vaccine escape.
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| 6. |
- Vetter, Volker, et al.
(författare)
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Routinely vaccinating adolescents against meningococcus : targeting transmission & disease.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 15:5, s. 641-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents have the highest rates of meningococcal carriage and transmission. Interrupting the adolescent habitat in order to reduce carriage and transmission within adolescents and to other age groups could help to control meningococcal disease at a population level. Compared to immunization strategies restricted to young children, a strategy focused on adolescents may have more profound and long-lasting indirect impacts, and may be more cost effective. Despite challenges in reaching this age-group, experience with other vaccines show that high vaccine coverage of adolescents is attainable.
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| 7. |
- Willerton, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Geographically widespread invasive meningococcal disease caused by a ciprofloxacin resistant non-groupable strain of the ST-175 clonal complex
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Infection. - : W. B. Saunders Company. - 0163-4453 .- 1532-2742. ; 81:4, s. 575-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by non-serogroupable (NG) strains mainly affects immunocompromised individuals. Reduced susceptibility to penicillin in meningococci is increasing in Europe but ciprofloxacin resistance remains rare. In 2019, three travel-related meningococcal disease cases caused by a ciprofloxacin-resistant NG strain were identified in England, leading Germany to report four additional IMD cases (2016 to 2019). We describe these and newly identified cases and characterise the strain responsible.METHODS: Cases were identified as part of national surveillance and by analysing available genomes using PubMLST tools.RESULTS: Of the cases identified in England in 2019, two geographically distinct cases developed conjunctivitis after returning from Mecca (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) and a third linked case presented with IMD. Of the four cases from Germany, three occurred in asylum seekers - two familial and a further geographically distinct case. Further IMD cases were identified in Italy (n=2; 2017-2018), Sweden (n=1; 2016) and England (n=1; 2015). A single ST-175 clonal complex (cc175) strain with genosubtype P1.22-11,15-25 was responsible. Decreased susceptibility to penicillin was widespread with three ciprofloxacin resistant subclusters. Constituent isolates were potentially covered by subcapsular vaccines.CONCLUSION: This disease associated NG cc175 strain exhibits resistance to antibiotics commonly used to prevent IMD but is potentially covered by subcapsular (meningococcal B) vaccines.
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