| 1. |
- Lira-Junior, Ronaldo, et al.
(författare)
-
S100A12 Expression Is Modulated During Monocyte Differentiation and Reflects Periodontitis Severity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- S100A12 is a calcium-binding protein of the S100 subfamily of myeloid-related proteins that acts as an alarmin to induce a pro-inflammatory innate immune response. It has been linked to several chronic inflammatory diseases, however its role in the common oral immunopathology periodontitis is largely unknown. Previous in vitro monoculture experiments indicate that S100A12 production decreases during monocyte differentiation stages, while the regulation within tissue is poorly defined. This study evaluated S100A12 expression in monocyte subsets, during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and following polarization, both in monoculture and in a tissue context, utilizing a three-dimensional co-culture oral tissue model. Further, we explored the involvement of S100A12 in periodontitis by analyzing its expression in peripheral circulation and gingival tissue, as well as in saliva. We found that S100A12 expression was higher in classical than in non-classical monocytes. S100A12 expression and protein secretion declined significantly during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, while polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages had no effect on either. Peripheral monocytes from periodontitis patients had higher S100A12 expression than monocytes from controls, a difference particularly observed in the intermediate and non-classical monocyte subsets. Further, monocytes from periodontitis patients displayed an increased secretion of S100A12 compared with monocytes from controls. In oral tissue cultures, monocyte differentiation resulted in increased S100A12 secretion over time, which further increased after inflammatory stimuli. Likewise, S100A12 expression was higher in gingival tissue from periodontitis patients where monocyte-derived cells exhibited higher expression of S100A12 in comparison to non-periodontitis tissue. In line with our findings, patients with severe periodontitis had significantly higher levels of S100A12 in saliva compared to non-periodontitis patients, and the levels correlated to clinical periodontal parameters. Taken together, S100A12 is predominantly secreted by monocytes rather than by monocyte-derived cells. Moreover, S100A12 is increased in inflamed tissue cultures, potentially as a result of enhanced production by monocyte-derived cells. This study implicates the involvement of S100A12 in periodontitis pathogenesis, as evidenced by increased S100A12 expression in inflamed gingival tissue, which may be due to altered circulatory monocytes in periodontitis.
|
|
| 2. |
- Almqvist, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Fördjupad analys av den svenska klimatomställningen 2020 : Klimat och luft i fokus
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige har ambitiösa klimatåtaganden där regeringen uttalat att Sverige ska bli världens första fossilfria välfärdsland. Riksdagen har antagit ambitiösa mål för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser i Sverige för att vara med i omställningen och begränsa den globala uppvärmningen i linje med Parisavtalet. Under 2017 antog riksdagen ett klimatpolitiskt ramverk för Sverige med nya klimatmål. Det långsiktiga klimatmålet innebär att Sverige senast år 2045 inte ska ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären, för att därefter uppnå negativa utsläpp. Det innebär att utsläppen av växthusgaser inom Sveriges gränser ska ha minskat med minst 85 procent senast år 2045 jämfört med utsläppen år 1990.Naturvårdsverket visar vägen mot klimatmålenNaturvårdsverket ansvarar för uppföljningen av Sveriges nationellt fastställda klimatmål. Årets rapport innehåller fördjupade analyser av trender i den svenska klimatomställningen för Sveriges utsläpp och nettoupptag av växthusgaser och ger en övergripande bild av hur vi befinner oss på vägen mot Sveriges klimatmål. Rapporten innehåller ett särskilt fokuskapitel som beskriver möjligheter med att integrera åtgärdsstrategier i luft- och klimatarbetet.Sveriges utsläpp av växthusgaser minskar för långsamtSveriges territoriella utsläpp av växthusgaser var 50,9 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter år 2019, vilket motsvarar en minskning om 2,4 procent jämfört med 2018. För att nå det långsiktiga klimatmålet om nettonollutsläpp till 2045 krävs en genomsnittlig minskningstakt om 6–10 procent per år från 2019.Det senaste årets utsläppsminskning beror främst på minskade utsläpp inom industrisektorn och el- och fjärrvärmesektorn. Inom industrin har utsläppen framför allt minskat på grund av planerade underhållsstopp på raffinaderier och minskad produktion inom mineralindustrin. Minskade utsläpp syns i de flesta sektorerna, förutom jordbrukssektorn och arbetsmaskiner där utsläppen har ökat jämfört med föregående år.
|
|
| 3. |
- Alopaeus, Tea, et al.
(författare)
-
Med de nya svenska klimatmålen i sikte : Gapanalys samt strategier och förutsättningar för att nå etappmålen 2030 med utblick mot 2045
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under våren 2017 presenterade Naturvårdsverket scenarier för hur växthusgasutsläppen i Sverige skulle kunna utvecklas till 2035. Sedan Naturvårdsverket presenterade scenarierna har ett nytt klimatpolitiskt ramverk för Sverige beslutats av riksdagen med nya klimatmål till 2030, 2040 och 2045. Regeringen har även presenterat ett antal nya styrmedel i budgetpropositionen.Naturvårdsverket ska inom miljömålssystemet löpande och strategiskt analysera och utvärdera styrmedel och åtgärder. Naturvårdsverket har mellan maj och november 2017 gjort en första uppföljning mot de nya klimatmålen. I denna rapport presenteras hur beslutade och planerade styrmedel kan komma att falla ut givet olika antagande. En översiktlig analys av styrmedel görs också.Arbetsgruppens sammansättning har varierat över tid. Sammantaget har följande personer på Naturvårdsverket deltagit i arbetsgruppen: Tea Alopaeus (projektledare), Björn Boström, Mats Björsell, Martin Boije, Joanna Dickinson, Dag Henning, Daniel Engström Stenson, Eva Jernbäcker (projektledare till september), Julien Morel, Miriam Münnich Vass, Karl-Anders Stigzelius, Ulrika Svensson, Per Wollin.Stockholm 29 november 2017Björn RisingerGeneraldirektör
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
PLD1 and ERK2 regulate cytosolic lipid droplet formation
- 2006
-
Ingår i: J Cell Sci. ; 119:Pt 11, s. 2246-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously uncovered roles for phospholipase D (PLD) and an unknown cytosolic protein in the formation of cytosolic lipid droplets using a cell-free system. In this report, PLD1 has been identified as the relevant isoform, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) as the cytosolic protein. Increased expression of PLD1 increased lipid droplet formation whereas knockdown of PLD1 using siRNA was inhibitory. A role for ERK2 in basal lipid droplet formation was revealed by overexpression or microinjection, and ablation by siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition. Similar manipulations of other Map kinases such as ERK1, JNK1 or JNK2 and p38alpha or p38beta were without effect. Insulin stimulated the formation of lipid droplets and this stimulation was inhibited by knockdown of PLD1 (by siRNA) and by inhibition or knockdown (by siRNA) of ERK2. Inhibition of ERK2 eliminated the effect of PLD1 on lipid droplet formation without affecting PLD1 activity, suggesting that PLD1 functions upstream of ERK2. ERK2 increased the phosphorylation of dynein which increased the amount of the protein on ADRP-containing lipid droplets. Microinjection of antibodies to dynein strongly inhibited the formation of lipid droplets, demonstrating that dynein has a central role in this formation. Thus dynein is a possible target for ERK2.
|
|
| 5. |
- Björn, Catrine, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Theatre Nurses Understanding of their Work : A phenomenographic study at a hospital theatre
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Perioperative Care. - Harrogate, UK : Associations for Perioperative Practice. - 1470-5664. ; 3:4, s. 149-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The operating theatre is a place where people work together in a multidisciplinary team. It has a very high patient through-put, and use of advanced technology and surgical routine. Working in an operating theatre has been described as dynamic and challenging. The nurse’s perspective of her/his practice role in the operating theatre department is poorly identified, a fact that makes it necessary for the theatre nurses themselves to define their role as nurses in the multidisciplinary team.The aim of this study was to begin the work of describing the theatre nurses’ work using a qualitative descriptive design with a phenomenographic approach. A purposeful sample from two hospitals in Sweden was employed to select the 15 theatre nurses, the interviews formed the basis of this study.As in several other phenomenographic studies three specific questions guided the data collection: What aspect of your practice do you find the easiest? What aspect of your practice do you find the most challenging? What do you think is the most important aspect of your practice? To deepen the interview, what and how questions were used to probe the responses.The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The interviews were read several times, after which an analysis was undertaken.The analysis revealed the following three understandings of the phenomenon of “the work of the theatre nurse”: Theatre nurses achieve control of the situation referred to having the appropriate equipment prepared in advance for the operation, the hygienic aspect, for example keeping the operation area, surgical instruments and people involved sterile, and to control patient, instrument and implant logistics by advance planning and being one step ahead.The possibility of good teamwork is enhanced by being attentive to the spoken and unspoken wishes and needs of the patient as well as all members of the team, especially the surgeon; and Theatre nurses develop their professional practice through practical experience.All three understandings that emerged in present study are useful for both competence development and quality improvement.
|
|
| 6. |
- Björnfot Holmström, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
MMP-12 and S100s in saliva reflect different aspects of periodontal inflammation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Academic Press. - 1043-4666 .- 1096-0023. ; 113, s. 155-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 are involved in innate immune responses. We addressed whether different aspects of oral health and non-disease-related covariates influence their levels in saliva. 436 participants were clinically examined, completed a health questionnaire, and provided stimulated saliva. Salivary levels of MMP-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lower MMP-12 levels were observed in individuals 40-64years old (yo) compared to < 40yo, and higher S100A8/A9 levels were found in individuals > 64yo compared to 40-64yo. Smokers exhibited lower MMP-12 and S100A12 levels compared to non-smokers. All three proteins were elevated in individuals with bleeding on probing (BOP)>20% compared to those with BOP/= 10% gingival pocket depths (PPD)>/=4mm compared to the ones with shallow pockets < 4mm. The extent of alveolar bone loss or presence of manifest caries did not alter any of the markers. MMP-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 levels were higher in participants with high periodontal inflammatory burden. All three proteins correlated positively to BOP, PPD, and to several inflammatory mediators. The explanatory variables for MMP-12 in saliva were age, smoking, presence of any tumor, and percentage of PPD>/=4mm. The determinant of salivary S100A8/A9 was percentage of BOP, while S100A12 levels were associated with percentage of BOP and presence of any tumor. Taken together, MMP-12 and the S100/calgranulin levels in saliva reflect different aspects of periodontal inflammation. Smoking and age should be taken into account in further investigation of these proteins as biomarker candidates of periodontal disease.
|
|
| 7. |
- Boström, Björn, 1975-
(författare)
-
Achieving carbon isotope mass balance in northern forest soils, soil respiration and fungi
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Northern forests contain a large part of the global terrestrial carbon pool and it is unclear whether they will be sinks or sources for atmospheric carbon if the climate warms as predicted. Stable isotope techniques provide unique tools to study the carbon cycle at different scales but the interpretation of the isotope data is impaired by our inability to close the carbon isotope mass balance of ecosystems. This involves the paradox that the soil organic matter becomes increasingly 13C-enriched with increasing soil depth relative to the carbon input, plant litter, at the same time as soil respiration, the major carbon outflow from the soil, and fungi, organisms dependent on plant derived carbon, both are relatively 13C-enriched. I have determined the δ13C of the respired CO2 and the organic matter from different ecosystem components in a Norway spruce forest aiming at finding an explanation to the observed carbon isotope pattern. In the first study the soil surface respiration rate and isotopic composition was found to be governed by aboveground weather conditions the preceding 1-6 days. This suggests there is a fast flux of recent photosynthates to root respiration. In the second study I compared the respired CO2 from decomposition with the δ13C of the root free soil organic matter sampled from the litter layer down to 50 cm depth. Discrimination against 13C during respiration could not explain the 13C enrichment of soil organic matter with depth because the δ13C of the respired CO2 became increasingly 13C-enriched relative to the organic matter with soil depth. However, ~1.5‰ of the 2‰ 13C-gradient could be explained by the 13C depletion of atmospheric CO2 that has proceeded since the beginning of the 18th century due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The remaining shift was hypothesized to be due to a belowground contribution of 13C-enriched ectomycorrhizal derived carbon. In the third study I compared the δ13C of respired CO2 and sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi sampled in the spruce forest. The δ13C of respired CO2 and sporocarps were positively correlated and the differences in δ13C between CO2 and sporocarps were small, <±1‰ in nine out of 16 species, although three out of six species of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes respired 13C-enriched CO2 (up to 1.6‰), whereas three out of five species of polypores respired 13C-depleted CO2 (up to 1.7‰; P<0.05). Loss of 13C-depleted CO2 may have enriched the biomass of some fungal species in 13C. However, the consistent 13C enrichment of fungal sporocarps and respired CO2 relative to the plant materials implies that other processes must be found to explain the consistent 13C-enrichment of fungal biomass compared to plant materials. In the final study, compound specific stable isotope analyses provided further evidence for the hypothesis that the biomass of ectomycorrhizal fungi are 13C-enriched relative to host biomass because the carbon provided by the host is 13C-enriched Furthermore, ectomycorrhizal fungi showed lower average δ13C values of metabolites than saprotrophs which gives further support for the so-called saprotrophic-mycorrhizal divide. I conclude that a belowground allocation of 13C-enriched carbon to ectomycorrhizal fungi closes the carbon isotope mass balance in boreal and temperate forest soils and explains the 13C-enriched soil respiration.
|
|
| 8. |
- Boström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Can isotopic fractionation during respiration explain the 13C-enriched sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi?
- 2008
-
Ingår i: New Phytologist. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 177:4, s. 1012-1019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- • The mechanism behind the 13C enrichment of fungi relative to plant materials is unclear and constrains the use of stable isotopes in studies of the carbon cycle in soils.• Here, we examined whether isotopic fractionation during respiration contributes to this pattern by comparing δ13C signatures of respired CO2, sporocarps and their associated plant materials, from 16 species of ectomycorrhizal or saprotrophic fungi collected in a Norway spruce forest.• The isotopic composition of respired CO2 and sporocarps was positively correlated. The differences in δ13C between CO2 and sporocarps were generally small, < ±1‰ in nine out of 16 species, and the average shift for all investigated species was 0.04‰. However, when fungal groups were analysed separately, three out of six species of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes respired 13C-enriched CO2 (up to 1.6‰), whereas three out of five species of polypores respired 13C-depleted CO2 (up to 1.7‰; P < 0.05). The CO2 and sporocarps were always 13C-enriched compared with wood, litter or roots.• Loss of 13C-depleted CO2 may have enriched some species in 13C. However, that the CO2 was consistently 13C-enriched compared with plant materials implies that other processes must be found to explain the consistent 13C-enrichment of fungal biomass compared with plant materials.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Boström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Isotope fractionation and 13C enrichment in soil profiles during the decomposition of soil organic matter
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Oecologia. - Berlin : Springer. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 153:1, s. 89-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms behind the 13C enrichment of organic matter with increasing soil depth in forests are unclear. To determine if 13C discrimination during respiration could contribute to this pattern, we compared d13C signatures of respired CO2 from sieved mineral soil, litter layer and litterfall with measurements of d13C and d15N of mineral soil, litter layer, litterfall, roots and fungal mycelia sampled from a 68-year-old Norway spruce forest stand planted on previously cultivated land. Because the land was subjected to ploughing before establishment of the forest stand, shifts in d13C in the top 20 cm reflect processes that have been active since the beginning of the reforestation process. As 13C-depleted organic matter accumulated in the upper soil, a 1.0 o/oo d13C gradient from –28.5 o/oo in the litter layer to –27.6 o/oo at a depth of 2–6 cm was formed. This can be explained by the 1 o/oo drop in d13C of atmospheric CO2 since the beginning of reforestation together with the mixing of new C (forest) and old C (farmland). However, the isotopic change of the atmospheric CO2 explains only a portion of the additional 1.0& increase in d13C below a depth of 20 cm. The d13C of the respired CO2 was similar to that of the organic matter in the upper soil layers but became increasingly 13C enriched with depth, up to 2.5 o/oo relative to the organic matter. We hypothesise that this 13C enrichment of the CO2 as well as the residual increase in d13C of the organic matter below a soil depth of 20 cm results from the increased contribution of 13C-enriched microbially derived C with depth. Our results suggest that 13C discrimination during microbial respiration does not contribute to the 13C enrichment of organic matter in soils. We therefore recommend that these results should be taken into consideration when natural variations in d13C of respired CO2 are used to separate different components of soil respiration or ecosystem respiration.
|
|
