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| 2. |
- Brattström, L, et al.
(författare)
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Pyridoxine reduces cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and increases antithrombin III activity in 80-year-old men with low plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate
- 1990
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 50:8, s. 873-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously observed that pyridoxine treatment reduced plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations and increased antithrombin III (AT III) activity in atherosclerotic patients with subnormal plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) levels. In order to confirm these results, we selected 17 males with low plasma PLP levels from a group of 122 80-year-old males in whom PLP has been determined. After supplementation with 120 mg of pyridoxine per day for 8 weeks their mean plasma TC and LDL cholesterol concentrations were decreased by 10% (p less than 0.01) and 17% (p less than 0.001), respectively. There was no effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides but plasma AT III activity was increased by 6% (p less than 0.05). The mechanism by which pyridoxine acts is unclear but it is hypothesized that pyridoxine-derived PLP may enhance the catabolism of LDL and the activity of AT III by inhibiting their glycosylation.
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| 3. |
- Clarke, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements : Meta-analysis of randomised trials
- 1998
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Ingår i: British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 0959-8146. ; 316:7135, s. 894-898
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the size of reduction in homocysteine concentrations produced by dietary supplementation with folic acid and with vitamins B-12 or B-6. Design: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of folic acid based supplements on blood homocysteine concentration. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the effects on homocysteine concentrations of different doses of folic acid and of the addition of vitamin B-12 or B-6. Subjects: Individual data on 1114 people included in 12 trials. Findings: The proportional and absolute reductions in blood homocysteine produced by folic acid supplements were greater at higher pretreatment blood homocysteine concentrations (P < 0.001) and at lower pretreatment blood folate concentrations (P < 0.001). After standardisation to pretreatment blood concentrations of homocysteine of 12 μmol/l and of folate of 12 nmol/l (approximate average concentrations for Western populations), dietary folic acid reduced blood homocysteine concentrations by 25% (95% confidence interval 23% to 28%; P < 0.001), with similar effects in the range of 0.5-5 mg folic acid daily. Vitamin B-12 (mean 0.5 mg daily) produced an additional 7% (3% to 10%) reduction in blood homocysteine. Vitamin B-6 (mean 16.5 mg daily) did not have a significant additional effect. Conclusions: Typically in Western populations, daily supplementation with both 0.5-5 mg folic acid and about 0.5 mg vitamin B-12 would be expected to reduce blood homocysteine concentrations by about a quarter to a third (for example, from about 12 μmol/l to 8-9 μmol/l). Large scale randomised trials of such regimens in high risk populations are now needed to determine whether lowering blood homocysteine concentrations reduces the risk of vascular disease.
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| 4. |
- Pessah-Rasmussen, H, et al.
(författare)
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Eighty-year-old men without cardiovascular disease in the community of Malmö. Part II. Smoking characteristics and ultrasound findings, with special reference to glutathione transferase and pyridoxal-5-phosphate
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - 0954-6820. ; 228:1, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 1280 80-year-old men in the community of Malmö were questioned about smoking habits and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). After a careful medical and duplex ultrasound examination, four groups were selected for further studies: (1) no CVD, non-smokers: (2) no CVD, smokers: (3) CVD, smokers: (4) CVD, non-smokers. In total 122 individuals participated. The average tobacco consumption by smokers was 13 g d-1 for 59 years. In the CVD group 45% of subjects had atherosclerotic symptoms at more than one site. Smoking was found to be correlated with lower extremity atherosclerosis, cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were correlated with carotid artery lesions and pathological ankle/arm index, and blood pressure was correlated with lower extremity lesions. In contrast with middle-aged populations, individuals with an increasing degree of lesions in the lower extremities had a larger percentage of high glutathione transferase activity than subjects without CVD. Smokers had significantly lower pyridoxal-5-phosphate levels than non-smokers. It is concluded that some heavy smokers might reach an advanced age in good health. Smoking was also operative as a risk indicator for lower extremity atherosclerosis in 80-year-old individuals.
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| 7. |
- Hultberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Increased levels of plasma homocysteine are associated with nephropathy, but not severe retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 1991
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 51:3, s. 277-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactive vascular-injuring amino acid homocysteine was measured in plasma samples from 79 well-characterized type 1 diabetic patients and 46 control subjects. Patients with proliferative retinopathy had higher homocysteine levels (15.0 +/- 6.3 mumols l-1; mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001; n = 42) than those with progressive retinopathy during a two-year period (10.4 +/- 1.6 mumols l-1; n = 12), no or minimal retinopathy (10.7 +/- 4.3 mumols l-1; n = 25), and the control subjects (11.0 +/- 3.4 mumols l-1). Within the group of patients with proliferative retinopathy increased homocysteine levels were confined to those patients that had serum creatinine levels greater than 115 mumols l-1 and/or an albumin:creatinine clearance ratio greater than or equal to 0.02 x 10(-3) (17.0 +/- 5.9 mumols l-1; n = 23), whereas those with no or only minimal nephropathy had levels (12.1 +/- 5.5 mumols l-1; n = 18) that were not different from the control group. We conclude that neither type 1 diabetes mellitus nor diabetic retinopathy per se is associated with increased plasma homocysteine levels. In contrast, homocysteine accumulates, probably owing to reduced glomerular filtration, in diabetic patients with advanced nephropathy. This suggests that homocysteine might contribute to the accelerated development of macroangiopathy seen especially in this subgroup of diabetic patients.
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| 8. |
- Vrethem, Magnus, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased plasma homocysteine levels without signs of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis assessed by blood and cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine and methylmalonic acid
- 2003
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 9:3, s. 239-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate if multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. Methods: We measured serum vitamin B12, plasma folate, serum methylmalonic acid (MMA), plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and also cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MMA and tHcy in 72 patients with MS and 23 controls. Results: The mean plasma tHcy level was significantly increased in MS patients (11.6 ╡mol/L) compared with controls (7.4╡mol/L) (P = 0.002). Seven patients showed low serum vitamin B12 levels but only one of them had concomitant high plasma tHcy. None of them showed high serum MMA. Plasma or blood folate levels did not differ between MS patients and controls. We found no significant differences in mean values or frequency of pathological tests of serum B12, serum MMA, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haemoglobin concentration, CSF tHcy or CSF MMA between patients and healthy subjects. There were no correlations between CSF and serum/plasma levels of MMA or tHcy. Serum vitamin B12, serum MMA, plasma tHcy, CSF Hey or CSF MMA were not correlated to disability status, activity of disease, duration of disease or age. Conclusions: The relevance of the increased mean value of plasma tHcy thus seems uncertain and does not indicate functional vitamin B12 deficiency. We can not, however, exclude the possibility of a genetically induced dysfunction of the homocysteine metabolism relevant for the development of neuroinflammation/degeneration. Our findings indicate that, regardless of a significant increase in plasma tHcy in MS patients, the MS disease is not generally associated with vitamin B12 deficiency since we did not find any other factors indicating vitamin B12 deficiency. Analysis of CSF MMA and CSF tHcy, which probably reflects the brain vitamin B12 status better than serum, are not warranted in MS. We conclude that B12 deficiency, in general, is not associated with MS.
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| 9. |
- Wanby, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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The FABP2 gene polymorphism in cerebrovascular disease
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 110:6, s. 355-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective – Earlier studies have shown that the fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) T54 allele is associated with dyslipidemia, which in turn correlates with the incidence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). To assess whether the FABP2 gene A54T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of CVD we undertook a case–control study.Materials and methods – A total of 407 patients diagnosed with acute CVD and 158 control subjects were genotyped for the A54T polymorphism using a PCR-RFLP method.Results – Allele and genotype frequencies of the FABP2 A54T polymorphism did not differ between subjects with acute CVD (TT, 9.6%; TA, 41.0%; AA, 49.4%) and controls (TT, 7.6%; TA, 41.1%; AA, 51.3%; P = ns) or in the following subgroups of CVD compared with controls: non-cardioembolic infarction (n = 252), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 23), and cardioembolic infarction (n = 91). In transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) (n = 41) the combined TT and TA genotype frequency (TT + TA, 65.9%) was more frequent than in controls (48.7%) (P = 0.05). Furthermore, the TT genotype was more frequent in non-smoking patients under the age of 70 (n = 77) with a non-cardioembolic infarction (TT, 18.2%) compared with controls (7.6%) (P = 0.024).Conclusions – Our findings suggest an involvement of the FABP2 (A54T) gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of CVD. The FABP2 T54 allele appears to be a genetic susceptibility marker for TIA and non-cardioembolic infarction at younger onset.
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