| 1. |
- Brosig, Benjamin, 1983-
(författare)
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Aspect and epistemic notions in the present tense system of Khalkha Mongolian
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. - St. Petersburg : Rossijskaja akademija nauk / Russian Academy of Sciences. - 9785020395701 ; , s. 46-127
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, I will dicuss positive present tense forms in spoken Khalkha Mongolian. Khalkha is analyzed to have five non-finite aspect markers, the Progressive, Continuative, Habitual, Perfect, and Prospective. They mainly combine with the three suffixes ‑n, ‑aa and ‑dag. On its own, ‑n expresses an instantiated potential or neutral future and ‑aa combines epistemic possibility and resultativity. In combination with aspect markers, though, they express the evidential value of direct vs. indirect perception. As the resultant state of a perfect can be perceived directly, the division runs between direct sensual perception of the event and an event inferred from direct sensual perception vs. events that are concluded from assumptions, hearsay, and previous perception. The suffix ‑dag expresses habitual and generic semantics. It is most commonly used on its own, but can also take other aspect markers into its scope, e.g. expressing a habitually ongoing event. Next to its main use, it is even used to refer to mono-occasional events that diverge from what the speaker perceives as the normal course of events. In addition, absolute-final and other uses of the participle ‑h and final uses of the converb ‑aad are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Brosig, Benjamin, 1983-
(författare)
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Aspect, evidentiality and tense in Mongolian : From Middle Mongol to Khalkha and Khorchin
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis consists of an introduction and the following papers:The aspect-evidentiality system of Middle Mongol. Ural-Altaic Studies, 13. (forthcoming)The tense-aspect system of Khorchin Mongolian. In: Pirkko Suihkonen & Lindsay Whaley (eds.), Typology of Languages of Europe and Northern and Central Asia. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (forthcoming)Aspect and epistemic notions in the present tense system of Khalkha Mongolian. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. (forthcoming)Factual vs. evidential? - The past tense forms of spoken Khalkha Mongolian. In: Ad Foolen, Helen de Hoop, & Gijs Mulder (eds.), Empirical Approaches to Evidentiality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (under review)Its purpose is to give an account of tense, aspect and evidentiality in three Mongolian varieties: Middle Mongol (MM) as spoken in the Mongol Empire, Khalkha Mongolian as spoken in the Mongolian state, and Khorchin Mongolian as spoken in eastern Inner Mongolia, China. MM started out with a tripartite tense distinction and a medium-sized aspectual system. Its past evidential system was tripartite with suffixes for firsthand, non-firsthand and evidentially neutral information. In Khorchin, which developed under the influence of Mandarin and Manchu, evidentiality was lost, and tense was simplified into a past / non-past distinction, alongside with a discontinuous proximal future / past marker. The aspect system underwent some changes, but retained its complexity. Khalkha, which developed under the influence of Turkic and Tibetan, underwent some shared innovations with Khorchin, but retained participles as a multifunctional unit within finite predicates, so that its aspectual system grew more complex. The past evidentiality distinctions of MM were basically retained, but the introduction of present tense evidentiality brought a number of changes: the evidentially neutral value shifted to signaling assimilated knowledge, and discontinuous future uses were introduced for all past markers.
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| 3. |
- Brosig, Benjamin, 1983-
(författare)
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bilee sul ügiin utga, hereglee [The meaning and function of the particle bilee in Khalkha Mongolian]
- 2012
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Ingår i: Hèl zohiol sudlal. - 2308-510X. ; 5:37, s. 10-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the meaning and use of the evidential particle bilee and its shortened derived form lee in Khalkha Mongolian are investigated. In indicatives, bilee is used to indicate one's own recollection. Simple past is formed together with the past inferential -j. Similarly, with a hortative mood bilee indicates the recollection of one's mental state. Both confirmation and surprise can be found as connotations, but the notion of surprise even appears to have grammaticalized into the more specific construction -na lee which either expresses surprise or is used to beg for attention. In questions, bilee can both express that one has witnessed, but cannot recall a given event, or an event that the addressee is presumed to remember. With the imperfective -dag, bilee can sometimes induce mono-occasional readings, but these are even possible with -dag alone or most commonly with -dag baijee.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Brosig, Benjamin, 1983-
(författare)
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Factual vs. evidential? The past tense forms of spoken Khalkha Mongolian
- 2018
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Ingår i: Evidence for Evidentiality. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027200952 - 9789027263919 ; , s. 45-75
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past tense forms of spoken Khalkha Mongolian distinguish between established (‑sang) and non-established knowledge, which is then either based on direct (‑laa) or indirect (‑jee) evidence. Time of acquisition thus determines whether information source is marked, though vivid recollection (‑laa) and deferred realization (‑jee) overrule it. Conversely, attempted recollection in questions (‑l=uu) doesn’t presuppose sensory perception. A fourth suffix (‑v) is used if well-established events still surprise the speaker. These suffixes may also be used in a discontinuous fashion to refer to the future and then modally qualify predictions as inevitable (‑sang), apprehended [but preventable] (‑v), based on sensory evidence (‑laa) or inferred (‑jee). The distinction between unsourced ‑sang and sourced ‑laa/-jee is thus not about factual stance, but codes the extent to which information is consolidated in memory.
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| 6. |
- Brosig, Benjamin, 1983-
(författare)
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Negation in Mongolic
- 2015
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Ingår i: Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja / Journal de la Société Finno-Ougrienne. - : Suomalais-Ugrilaisen seuran Aikakauskirja. - 0355-0214 .- 1798-2987. ; 95, s. 67-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper attempts to give a functional overview of negation in the Mongolic language family. In Early Middle Mongol, standard, prohibitive and perhaps ascriptive negation were coded by the preverbal negators ese for perfective/past, ülü for imperfective/nonpastand büü for most moods including imperatives. It contrasted with the locative existential-possessive negator ügei, which could also negate results and constituents. In most modern Mongolic languages, ügei made inroads into standard and ascriptivenegation, competing with busi ‘other’ for ascriptive negation starting from Late Middle Mongol. Possessive constructions, while always based on ügei, are expressed through arange of different syntactic patterns, and a new locative-existential negator alga developedin one area. Newly developed verbal negators include the broadly used formerresultative verbal negator -üüdei, and -sh, a more restricted reflex of busi. The change of negator position had consequences for its scope and interaction with other categories,which are discussed in some detail for Khalkha. While prohibitives always remained preverbal, preventives emerged from declaratives, acquiring modal characteristics.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brosig, Benjamin, 1983-
(författare)
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Temperature terms in Khalkha Mongolian
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Linguistics of Temperature. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027206886 - 9789027269171 ; , s. 570-593
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of the linguistic properties of temperature terms in Khalkha Mongolian. It begins with a general overview of the temperature vocabulary, which is most elaborated in relation to coldness. It then considers in closer detail the application of these terms to tactile, ambient and personal-feeling temperature domains, and the terms' metaphoric extensions. The paper continues by investigating different ways of expressing degrees of temperature adjectives within a morphological system of intensification and attenuation. Finally, the syntax of temperature terms is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Brosig, Benjamin, 1983-
(författare)
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The aspect-evidentiality system of Middle Mongol
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ural-Altaic Studies. - Moscow : Rossijskaja akademija nauk / Russian Academy of Sciences. - 2079-1003 .- 2500-2902. ; 13:2, s. 7-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contains an analysis of aspect, tense and evidentiality in Middle Mongol. This language has a fairly complex aspectual system, consisting of mostly periphrastic constructions built up from converbal, participial and final suffixes, and two different stative copula verbs. These express progressivity, habituality, genericity, perfectivity, perfect and resultativity on the present and past tense level. Present progressivity and resultativity can both be expressed by two different constructions that differ by their aspectual scope and/or actional properties. The three past tense suffixes mark factual, firsthand and secondhand information. This evidential trichotomy is restricted to the perfective aspect, while all other aspectual past tense markers only receive firsthand or secondhand marking. No aspectual distinctions seem to be made in the future, though both the future participle and the resultative participle can form contrafactual constructions.
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| 10. |
- Brosig, Benjamin, 1983-
(författare)
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The tense-aspect system of Khorchin Mongolian
- 2014
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Ingår i: On diversity and complexity of languages spoken in Europe and North and Central Asia. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027259295 ; , s. 1-66
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Khorchin, a Mongolian dialect spoken in eastern Inner Mongolia, has a tense-aspect system slightly simpler than Middle Mongol and considerably simpler than Central Mongolian dialects (Khalkha, Chakhar). While it can express the time stability of ongoing events with many nuances, present habitual and generic events are not distinguished. The existence of a present perfect category is doubtful, but in any case it doesn’t extend to the past as participle-copula-combinations are impossible. Evidentiality was lost in the central verbal system, but a non-obligatory quotative/hearsay marker exists. This article is an attempt to fit these phenomena into a coherent system of tense, aspect and related notions and to explore some of its diachronic implications.
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