| 1. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Battery technologies for transportation applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Technologies and Applications for Smart Charging of Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319436517 - 9783319436494 ; , s. 151-206
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More than a fifth of the greenhouse emissions produced worldwide come from the transport sector. Several initiatives have been developed over the last few decades, aiming at improving vehicles’ energy conversion efficiency and improve mileage per liter of fuel. Most recently, electric vehicles have been brought back into the market as real competitors of conventional vehicles. Electric vehicle technology offers higher conversion efficiencies, reduced greenhouse emissions, low noise, etc. There are, however, several challenges to overcome, for instance: improving batteries’ energy density to increase the driving range, fast recharging, and initial cost. These issues are addressed on this chapter by looking in depth into both conventional and non-conventional storage technologies in different transportation applications.
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| 2. |
- Campillo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the building–understanding building renovations in relation to urban energy systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning. - 2069-3419. ; 2016:Spec. Iss. 5, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About 35% of Europe’s building stock is over 50 years old and consumes about 175 kWh/m2 for heating, between 3-5 times the amount required by the newly constructed buildings. Annually, between1 and 1.5% new buildings are built and only between 0.2 and 0.5% are removed, therefore the focus needs to be put on the renovation of the existing building stock. The implementation of energy conservation measures (ECMs) in the residential sector becomes a very important strategy to meet the EU´s 20% energy consumption reduction of the 20-20-20 goals. The main challenge, however, is to determine which of the ECMs strategies are the best to provide not just with the best energy consumption reduction, but also with the best environmental impact and economic benefits. This paper addresses this issue and analyses the impact of different ECMs by focusing not only on the buildings themselves, but on the energy supply network and the overall energy system as a whole. To achieve this, we review five case studies in Sweden that use different ECMs as well as other alternatives, such as: distributed generation (DG) and energy storage. Results suggest that although there is no standard protocol that would fit all renovation projects, the existing methodologies fall short to provide the best overall impact on the energy system and that a broader analysis of the local conditions should be carried out before performing large building renovation projects.
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| 3. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Impact of Dynamic Electricity Pricing Mechanisms Adoption fo rHouseholds in Sweden
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global smart metering market growth has increased significantly over the past few years and the trend is expected to continue. Smart metering technology enables energy consumption feedback and the adoption of dynamic pricing mechanisms that encourages users to shift power consumption from peak-use times to lower-use times, in order to help balance the load in the power system. In Sweden particularly, the introduction of the new legislation and adoption of remote meters in 2009, in combination with more flexible pricing schemes, offer a great opportunity for users to reduce energy consumption during peak times, increase their energy efficiency and therefore reduce their overall cost. More recently, in 2012, Swedish energy providers started offering hourly spot-based electricity price to homeowners in order give them access to pricing mechanisms that are closer to the real cost of electricity supply. Additionally to hourly pricing, other dynamic pricing contracts are available for consumers all across the country; however, conventional agreements that use fixed-rates for electricity are still the most common. This paper analyzes the economic impact for consumers, if dynamic pricing, enabled through smart metering technologies, is adopted. To achieve this, electricity costs from a large group of households were calculated, using users’ hourly consumption data with both conventional fixed rates and real time pricing, in order to understand their impact on customers’ bills. Obtained results suggest that real time pricing has great savings potential, especially for years where summer rainfall and winter conditions are within average. However, in order to increase savings and have them consistent year after year, changes in user time-of-use consumption profile are required. Moreover, this research work leads to further analysis on dynamic pricing combined with demand response in order to optimize electricity costs.
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| 4. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Electricity Demand Impact from Increased use of Ground Sourced Heat Pumps
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe. - 9781467325950 ; , s. Artnr. 6465876-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of ground-sourced heat pumps as main heating systems has increased in Sweden in the last fifteen years to the point that it is the country with the highest amount of GSHP in Europe. Heat pumps are chosen by many households due to their economic savings value; In contrast, electricity prices in Sweden have almost doubled since 2006, threatening their economic benefits. It is therefore, essential to understand GSHPs impact on the user´s electricity consumption and provide suitable demand-response programs that could help develop a model capable of forecasting consumption and provide decision support information to make the best use of the technology. This paper analyses questionnaire surveys and consumption patterns were evaluated for 322 households with installed GSHPs and different pricing schemes in order to increase the understanding of mass use of this type of heating system.
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| 5. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Demand Model Design for Forecasting Electricity Consumption and Simulating Demand Response Scenarios in Sweden
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of a deregulated power system market and development of smart-metering technologies in Sweden, bring new opportunities for fully exploiting its power system efficiency and reliability, such as price-based demand response (DR) programs at a large scale for household, commercial and industrial users. The deployments of these DR programs require, however, very accurate demand forecasting models. The traditional approach of obtaining the total energy use and peak demand does not offer the required detailed information. This article reviews several methodologies for forecasting electricity consumption from a bottom-up perspective in order to define the required parameters and structure for obtaining an energy model. This model will finally include energy usage data, behavioural parameters obtained from a survey conducted with 5 000 end-users in different Swedish distribution system operators’ areas, and physical conditions for the facilities (internal/external temperatures and insulation materials). This information is provided from previous research studies performed at Mälardalen University and Swedish electric utilities companies. The obtained model should be able to adjust its parameters dynamically in order to simulate several demand-response scenarios based on four different strategies: time of use pricing, use of curtailable/interruptible rates, imposition of penalties for usage beyond predetermined levels, and real time pricing.
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| 6. |
- Campillo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Flow batteries use potential in heavy vehicles
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion, ESARS. - 9781479974009 ; , s. Article number 7101496-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although batteries have been used in personal vehicles for more than a hundred years, the cost of the technology, limitation in range, absence of sufficient recharging infrastructure and rapid development of internal combustion engines during the mid-twentieth century limited its use to very niche applications. More recently, a global need for reducing CO2 emissions from fossil fuel usage and the great developments in power systems as well as in battery technology offers electric vehicles the possibility to return to the market, not just for personal use but also for a wide variety of transportation applications. In the present paper, a feasibility study for using flow batteries in heavy vehicles, more specifically, construction equipment is presented. The authors used measured energy demand profiles for different operation conditions of a wheel loader and developed a simulation model for a vanadium redox flow battery to test the performance of this vehicle using a flow battery. Additionally, the authors did a short theoretical analysis for the potential for flow batteries in train transportation, focusing on the requirements and limitations of the technology for this application.
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| 7. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-
(författare)
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From Passive to Active Electric Distribution Networks
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Large penetration of distributed generation from variable renewable energy sources, increased consumption flexibility on the demand side and the electrification of transportation pose great challenges to existing and future electric distribution networks. This thesis studies the roles of several actors involved in electric distribution systems through electricity consumption data analysis and simulation models. Results show that real-time electricity pricing adoption in the residential sector offers economic benefits for end consumers. This occurs even without the adoption of demand-side management strategies, while real-time pricing also brings new opportunities for increasing consumption flexibility. This flexibility will play a critical role in the electrification of transportation, where scheduled charging will be required to allow large penetration of EVs without compromising the network's reliability and to minimize upgrades on the existing grid. All these issues add significant complexity to the existing infrastructure and conventional passive components are no longer sufficient to guarantee safe and reliable network operation. Active distribution networks are therefore required, and consequently robust and flexible modelling and simulation computational tools are needed for their optimal design and control. The modelling approach presented in this thesis offers a viable solution by using an equation-based object-oriented language that allows developing open source network component models that can be shared and used unambiguously across different simulation environments.
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| 8. |
- Campillo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Is real-time electricity pricing suitable for residential users without demand-side management?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6574 .- 1944-9089. ; 109, s. 310-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The smart metering infrastructure in Sweden allows electricity providers to offer electricity RTP (real time pricing) to homeowners, together with other dynamic pricing contracts across the country. These contracts are supposed to encourage users to shift power consumption during peak hours to help balance the load in the power system. Of all the available contracts in Sweden, monthly-average price holds the largest share, in response to the low electricity prices during the last three years. It is not clear if RTP will become a popular dynamic pricing scheme since daily price fluctuations might keep customers away from this type of contract. Literature review suggests that RTP adoption is only beneficial when combined with the use of customer demand flexibility, but it does not provide enough information about users adopting RTP without changing their electricity usage profile. This paper studies the economic impact if customers would shift to RTP contracts without adopting demand-side management. To achieve this, electricity costs from a large group of households were calculated and compared between both pricing schemes using the hourly consumption data of a 7-year period. Results suggest that the RTP electricity contract offer a considerable economic savings potential even without enabling consumer demand-side management.
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| 9. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Open-Source Modelling and Simulation of Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sustainable Places 2015, Conference Proceedings. - : Sigma Orionis. - 9791095345008 ; , s. 91-99
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distributed generation, and active distribution networks constitute an economic and technically viable alternative for reducing green house gases emissions and increase the use of renewable energy sources in local distribution grids. These active networks allow replacing large generators, usually located far from the consumption loads, thus considerably minimizing distribution losses and increase renewable energy penetration. However, designing and successfully controlling these complex networks, becomes a great engineering challenge; most computational modeling and simulation tools available for these systems are either focused on the individual generation components themselves, or the economic dispatch of multiple generators. Moreover, these tools often rely on closed source commercial software that use manufacturers' data for predefining the parameters of the models' components. This approach does not provide enough flexibility to users, since often is not possible to adjust these parameters. This paper presents object- oriented, component-based, open software components for simulating and optimizing the operation of active distribution networks, including multiple distributed generators and energy using the Modelica open-source modeling language.
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| 10. |
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