| 1. |
- Armeni, Kristijan, et al.
(författare)
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Towards wide-scale adoption of open science practices : The role of open science communities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 48:5, s. 605-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the increasing availability of Open Science (OS) infrastructure and the rise in policies to change behaviour, OS practices are not yet the norm. While pioneering researchers are developing OS practices, the majority sticks to status quo. To transition to common practice, we must engage a critical proportion of the academic community. In this transition, OS Communities (OSCs) play a key role. OSCs are bottom-up learning groups of scholars that discuss OS within and across disciplines. They make OS knowledge more accessible and facilitate communication among scholars and policymakers. Over the past two years, eleven OSCs were founded at several Dutch university cities. In other countries, similar OSCs are starting up. In this article, we discuss the pivotal role OSCs play in the large-scale transition to OS. We emphasize that, despite the grassroot character of OSCs, support from universities is critical for OSCs to be viable, effective, and sustainable.
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| 2. |
- Batinovic, Lucija, 1997-, et al.
(författare)
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Ageism in Hiring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Age Discrimination
- 2023
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Ingår i: Collabra: Psychology. - : University of California Press. - 2474-7394. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to identify effect sizes of age discrimination in recruitment based on evidence from correspondence studies and scenario experiments conducted between 2010 and 2019. To differentiate our results, we separated outcomes (i.e., call-back rates and hiring/invitation to interview likelihood) by age groups (40-49, 50-59, 60-65, 66+) and assessed age discrimination by comparing older applicants to a control group (29-35 year-olds). We conducted searches in PsycInfo, Web of Science, ERIC, BASE, and Google Scholar, along with backward reference searching. Study bias was assessed with a tool developed for this review, and publication bias by calculating R-index, p-curve, and funnel plots. We calculated odds ratios for callback rates, pooled the results using a random-effects meta-analysis and calculated 95% confidence intervals. We included 13 studies from 11 articles in our review, and conducted meta-analyses on the eight studies that we were able to extract data from. The majority of studies were correspondence studies (k=10) and came largely from European countries (k=9), with the rest being from the U.S. (k=3) and Australia (k=1). Seven studies had a between-participants design, and the remaining six studies had a within-participants design. We conducted six random-effects meta-analyses, one for each age category and type of study design and found an average effect of age discrimination against all age groups in both study designs, with varying effect sizes (ranging from OR = 0.38, CI [0.25, 0.59] to OR = 0.89, CI [0.81, 0.97]). There was moderate to high risk of bias on certain factors, e.g., age randomization, problems with application heterogeneity. Generally, there’s an effect of age discrimination and it tends to increase with age. This has important implications regarding the future of the world’s workforce, given the increase in the older workforce and later retirement.
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| 3. |
- Buchanan, Erin M., et al.
(författare)
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Getting Started Creating Data Dictionaries : How to Create a Shareable Data Set
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2515-2459 .- 2515-2467. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As researchers embrace open and transparent data sharing, they will need to provide information about their data that effectively helps others understand their data sets’ contents. Without proper documentation, data stored in online repositories such as OSF will often be rendered unfindable and unreadable by other researchers and indexing search engines. Data dictionaries and codebooks provide a wealth of information about variables, data collection, and other important facets of a data set. This information, called metadata, provides key insights into how the data might be further used in research and facilitates search-engine indexing to reach a broader audience of interested parties. This Tutorial first explains terminology and standards relevant to data dictionaries and codebooks. Accompanying information on OSF presents a guided workflow of the entire process from source data (e.g., survey answers on Qualtrics) to an openly shared data set accompanied by a data dictionary or codebook that follows an agreed-upon standard. Finally, we discuss freely available Web applications to assist this process of ensuring that psychology data are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A Primer on the benefits of differential treatment analysis when predicting discriminatory behavior
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Quantitative Methods for Psychology. - Ottawa : University of Ottawa. - 2292-1354. ; 14:3, s. 193-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A central question in social psychology is to what extent individual differences in attitudes, prejudices, and stereotypes can predict discriminatory behavior. This is often studied by simply regressing a measure of behavior toward a single group (e.g., behavior toward Black people only) onto the predictors (e.g., attitude measures). In the present paper, we remind researchers that an analysis focusing on predicting the differential treatment (e.g., behavior towards Black people vs. White people) has a higher conceptual validity and will result in more informative effect sizes. The paper is concluded with a list of suggestions for future research on the link between attitudes, prejudices, stereotypes and discrimination.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Bayes Factors From Pooled Data Are No Substitute for Bayesian Meta-Analysis : Commentary on Scheibehenne, Jamil, and Wagenmakers (2016)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 28:11, s. 1694-1697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scheibehenne, Jamil, and Wagenmakers (2016; SJW) recently introduced Bayesian evidence synthesis (BES). They used it to combine evidence from seven published studies that examined the influence of social-norm messages on hotel towel reuse rates. Although most of the original studies provided non-significant results (p-value > .05), BES provided strong support for the effect (Bayes factor = 37). We think that this conclusion is wrong. We demonstrate that BES is inherently flawed because it pools data in a way that is vulnerable to a Simpson’s paradox, and that a Bayesian meta-analysis that avoids this problem produces weaker evidence.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian evidence synthesis is no substitute for meta-analysis : a re-analysis of Scheibehenne, Jamil and Wagenmakers (2016)
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scheibehenne, Jamil, and Wagenmakers (2016; SJW) recently introduced Bayesian evidence synthesis (BES). They applied it to a set of original studies that examined the influence of social norms on towel reuse at hotels. While most of the original studies provided nonsignificant results (p > .05), BES provided “strong support” (p. 3) for the effect. Due to methodological limitations, we think that this conclusion is wrong and that BES suffers from several problems. Combining frequentist and Bayesian approaches, we: illustrate the perilsof pooling data; assess publication bias, and conduct a Bayesian meta-analysis.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Community Augmented Meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Swedish Reproducibility Network (SweRN) and 2nd annual conference of Open Science Community Sweden, Stockholm, November 25, 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presentation covers an overview of community-augmented meta-analysis (CAMA) and why CAMAs are to be preferred over traditional meta-analyses, for example that CAMAS can easily be updated when new research is published but also that syntheses are accessible and interactive to any user. The presentation also covers newly started and planned CAMAs; Evidence in learning and didactics (ELD) and in Disability research.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Implicit stereotype content : Mixed stereotypes can be measured with the Implicit Association Test
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Psychology. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1864-9335 .- 2151-2590. ; 41:4, s. 213-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stereotype content model (SCM) postulates that stereotype content can be mixed in terms of diverging evaluations on the warmth and competence dimensions. The present study is the first to demonstrate this with implicit measures. Two Implicit Associations Tests (IATs) were developed, one capturing the warmth dimension and the other the competence dimension. Both IATs compared preschool teachers (stereotypically warm and incompetent) with lawyers (stereotypically cold and competent). As predicted, two samples of students from various areas of study showed the mixed implicit stereotypes, while a group of preschool-teacher students showed a univalent positive implicit stereotype of their own group, suggesting in-group favoritism. The results support the SCM.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Is teacher attrition a poor estimate of the value of teacher education? A Swedish case.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Teacher Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0261-9768 .- 1469-5928. ; 42:2, s. 243-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Far from all who complete teacher education end up working as teachers throughout their entire career. At first sight the value of teacher education, in terms of efficiency, seems to be a failure. In the present article we argue that teacher attrition, when defined as whether one is working as teacher or not, is a too blunt measure to gauge whether teacher education has been valuable. With a unique dataset, where we have detailed information on 87 Swedish teacher graduates’ working life across 23 years, we can consider whether activities and/or experiences point to an apparent use of teacher education. In conclusion, we find that in order to get informative estimates of its value it is important to consider it from different perspectives and to consider attrition related to the total working time spent in educational settings across a career rather than percentage leaving teaching after a set of years.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Prototypes and same-gender bias in perceptions of hiring discrimination
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 158:3, s. 285-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the relative importance of two explanations behind perceptions of gender discrimination in hiring: prototypes and same- gender bias. According to the prototype explanation, people perceive an event as discrimination to the extent that it fits their preconceptions of typical discrimination. In contrast, the same-gender bias explanation asserts that people more readily detect discrimination toward members of their own gender. In four experiments (n = 797), women and men made considerably stronger discrimination attributions, and were moderately more discouraged from seeking work, when the victim was female rather than male. Further, a series of regressions analyses showed beliefs in discrimination of women to be moderately correlated with discrimination attributions of female victims, but little added explanatory value of participant gender, stigma consciousness, or feminist identification. The results offer strong support for the prototype explanation.
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